火驱存在原油低温氧化和高温氧化2种燃烧状态,针对低温氧化过程不稳定、热效率低、采出程度低等问题,以杜66块火驱为研究对象,开展了室内物理模拟和数值模拟实验,通过耗氧量及不同组分尾气数据的历史拟合,建立了火驱反应动力学模型,构建了基于火驱前缘初始温度、通风强度的高温与低温氧化转换界限图版.研究表明:高温氧化下,杜66块原油视H/C原子比为0.5～2.0,CO/CO2体积比为0.13～0.40;低温氧化过程燃烧不稳定,易熄灭;杜66块火驱高温与低温氧化的临界前缘初始温度和通风强度分别为280℃、1.0 m3/(m2·h),低于或接近临界值将面临转入低温氧化甚至熄火风险;基于杜66块火驱提出了维持最低通风强度、分层火驱等开发对策.该研究为火驱油藏工程设计提供了理论依据.

为进一步提高中深层稠油油藏采收率,对辽河油田30余年蒸汽驱进行全面回顾,系统总结辽河油田中深层稠油蒸汽驱理论与技术的发展历程、发展现状与应用成效.研究认为:辽河油田中深层稠油蒸汽驱技术历经探索、攻关试验、I类油藏规模实施、Ⅱ类油藏试验接替4个发展阶段;理论认识及开发技术经历了从最初国内外成熟技术的直接应用到与辽河地质特征相结合的研发创新,形成了以驱油机理理论认识、油藏工程设计技术、高效注采配套工艺为核心的中深层稠油蒸汽驱开发技术系列;目前蒸汽驱实施深度界限突破至1600 m,可动用稠油黏度提高至200000 mPa·s,预计采收率为55％～65％,达到国际浅层蒸汽驱开发水平;未来应针对中深层蒸汽驱面临的难点及重点不断研究和突破.该研究为辽河油田千万吨稳产提供了重要支撑.

Composite thermal recovery technology for heavy oil reservoirs has been studied at home and abroad. Surfactants can increase crude oil recovery during thermal recovery and fluid salinity surfactants have significant effects on oil displacement. In this paper. interfacial tension measurement and contact angle measurement experiments are used to study the effect of salinity on the interfacial tension and reservoir wettability. The results show that salinity has a significant effect on the wettability of oilwet sandstone surface. As the fluid salinity increases, the oil wettability increases. The influence of Ca2+ is more obvious than that ofNa(+). Fluid salinity changes the charge distribution between rock-brine-crude oil, which affects surface forces and leads to changes in wettability. In addition, as salinity increases, the effect of surfactants to reduce the interfacial tension of oil and water decreases first and then increases, indicating that there is an optimal salt content. The core flooding experiment investigated the displacement effect of surfactants under different salt contents. The results show that Ca2+ can stabilize the oil film. enhance the lipophilicity, and reduce the recovery factor significantly. Reducing the NaCI content can not only improve the oil-water interfacial tension, but also improve the rock surface wettability and increase the oil recovery. When the salt content drops to 0.5%, the effect on oil recovery is no longer significant.

辽河油田双6储气库自2014年投入运行以来,已经历了"六注四采"的平稳高效运行,2018年在中国石油各大储气库中率先实现达容扩容,第6注气期末库存量达53.27×108m3,达容率为129％.针对储气库未来扩容方向不明晰的问题,从气藏的地质特征和开发动态分析出发,综合运用动、静态资料和观察井监测数据,结合数值模拟技术,分析研究储气库的注采状况、压力变化、气液界面变化、圈闭密封性等情况,并在此基础上进行扩容调峰的潜力评价.研究结果表明,储气库的注采能力逐年趋好,采用的直井-水平井组合井网极大提高了运行效率,在反复注采过程中,原油的采出和边水外推是储气库扩容的主要原因.在生产动态分析的基础上,结合区块地质特征,新增部署15口注采井,预计新井实施后,库容的控制程度可提高至95％以上.研究成果为现场生产管理及扩容调峰提供了依据,对同类型储气库建设具有一定指导意义.

辽河油田稠油油藏具有埋藏深、油品类型多等特点,为探索稠油油藏注蒸汽开采后期的有效接替技术,通过开展室内物理模拟和现场试验,研究了注蒸汽开发后火驱开发中深层—特深层层状、厚层块状、水淹稠油油藏以及浅层低渗透稠油油藏等不同油藏类型的可行性,形成了针对不同类型油藏的火驱储层描述技术、室内物理模拟实验技术、油藏工程设计技术、采油工艺技术、开发效果评价技术等,火驱开发油藏的采出程度大大提高,有效缓解了产量递减.该文论述了辽河油田火驱技术探索历程,对不同类型油藏火驱开发配套技术进行了系统总结.研究成果可为辽河油田及同类型稠油油藏火驱开发提供借鉴.

The pyrolysis process and product properties of Liaohe Q block heavy oil in N2 and CO2 atmosphere were studied by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and a fixed-bed reactor, respectively.TGA results indicate that the pyrolysis process of heavy oil under the two atmospheres can be divided into 3 stages:light components and water volatile, weak chemical bond breakage, and heavy components cracking to form light oils and coke.TGA pyrolysis curves under either N2 or CO2 are similar.Pyrolysis experimental results with a fixed-bed reactor show that, under both N2 and CO2 atmosphere, liquid products yield increases with temperature, but pyrolysis gas and residue yields decrease as temperature goes up.The maximum liquid product yield is 61.53％ under CO2 atmosphere at 650℃.The FT-IR spectra of both liquid products under different temperatures and the heavy oil feed show that, as pyrolysis temperature increases, methyl group contents increase but methylene group contents decrease.TGA analysis of the oxidation process of liquid products suggests that the mass loss curve obviously shifts to high temperature regions and the mass loss becomes less as pyrolysis temperature increases.Compared with those under N2 atmosphere, the oxidation mass loss rate of pyrolysis liquid products under CO2 atmosphere is faster.

In-situ combustion, also called combustion drive, is one of replacing technologies after steam injection for heavy oil. During the combustion process, crude oil burns under high temperature, and physical and chemical reactions occur. In the reservoir, physicochemical and geochemical reactions of solid, liquid and gas phase can result in rock dissolution, deposition, alteration and the change of oil and water, which will affect the properties of rock,pore configuration and liquid in the reservoir. In this paper, rock slice, X-diffraction bulk rock analysis, image analysis of cast slice and analysis of physical and chemical properties were utilized to reveal variation mechanism of rock mineral, variation characteristics of physical property in reservoir, variation features of pore configuration and fluid composition in the reservoir with fire-flooding after steam injection.

辽河油田深层薄互层稠油油藏具有埋藏深、纵向多层、非均质性强等特点，经多周期蒸汽吞吐开发后转火驱开采，其驱替机理和火线波及规律认识难度加大。综合物理模拟、数值模拟、动态分析等方法，研究发现普通稠油油藏在火驱中升温降黏和增压驱替、高温氧化和低温氧化同时存在，火线在平面及纵向上波及不均匀；同时对火线波及影响因素进行了研究。

辽河油田Q块为中深层普通稠油油藏,该块于2006年年底开始了工业化转驱,并取得了较好的开发效果。本文从蒸汽驱开发阶段、动用程度、驱替地质体等多角度进行了工业化汽驱评价,并针对工业化实施过程中纵向蒸汽超覆、平面蒸汽前缘推进不均匀等问题,设计了多点注汽、多井采液、液流改向等调控措施,有效的提高了工业化蒸汽驱开发效果,为国内中深层稠油蒸汽驱推广应用奠定了基础。