为明确海藻渣对西瓜枯萎病的防治效果及对西瓜幼苗生长和生理特性的影响,采用盆栽法,设置T1(施用1％海藻渣)、T2(施用2％海藻渣)、T3(施用3％海藻渣)、T4(施用4％海藻渣)、T5(施用5％海藻渣)、CK(不施用海藻渣)共6个处理,研究不同用量海藻渣对西瓜枯萎病的防治效果及对西瓜幼苗生长和生理特性的影响.结果表明,与CK相比,施用海藻渣处理的西瓜枯萎病病情指数均显著降低、防治效果均升高,幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)值均提高,幼苗株高、茎粗、根长、鲜质量和干质量均显著增加,幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性均显著提高,水杨酸(SA)、茉莉酸(JA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量显著增加,且均以处理T4的效果更佳.综上所述,不同用量海藻渣均对西瓜枯萎病具有良好的防治效果,可以提高西瓜光合作用能力,促进西瓜幼苗的生长,提高西瓜幼苗叶片的抗氧化酶活性和生长类激素含量,且以施用4％海藻渣的效果最好.

人才振兴是助推乡村振兴的重要发展引擎,高素质农民培训模式构建则是振兴人才的重要抓手.文章聚焦乡村振兴人才培养,坚持"农学结合"改革思路,分析了高素质农民培训工作现状及存在的问题,并提出了创新高素质农民"弹性学制"教学模式,构建科学合理的培训体系;探索学历教育与高素质农民培育结合的体制机制等相关对策,立足高质量发展,形成高素质农民培育河南范式.以打造适应新时代高素质农民培育的产教融合科研创新团队.

为了明确嘧菌酯与戊唑醇组合对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果,开展了嘧菌酯、戊唑醇及其组合对黄瓜白粉病的室内毒力测定.结果表明,嘧菌酯、戊唑醇对黄瓜白粉病菌的EC50值分别为3.3832μg·mL-1和0.9957μg·mL-1;嘧菌酯与戊唑醇(质量比1:2)对黄瓜白粉病菌的EC50值为1.0698μg·mL-1,表现为相加作用.田间药效试验结果显示,嘧菌酯和戊唑醇单剂在150 g a.i.·hm-2剂量下对黄瓜白粉病的防效分别为72.67％和74.88％.嘧菌酯与戊唑醇(1:2)组合在67.5、112.5、157.5 g a.i.·hm-2剂量下对黄瓜白粉病的防效分别为70.99％、80.85％、83.82％,防效与剂量呈正相关.与单剂相比,嘧菌酯与戊唑醇组合对黄瓜白粉病的田间防效显著提高,且用药量显著降低.建议田间按照嘧菌酯与戊唑醇(质量比1:2),推荐使用剂量为157.5 g a.i.·hm-2,科学用药,降低抗药性发生及作物安全性风险.

为了探讨调环酸钙对小麦产量相关因素及安全性的影响,以小麦品种'豫麦49'为材料,返青后施用不同剂量的5％调环酸钙EA开展田间试验.结果表明,小麦返青期施用5％调环酸钙EA 150～600 g/hm2,可矮化植株高度,降低基部节间长度、增加茎粗和茎壁厚度.调环酸钙能提高小麦穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量.返青期施用5％调环酸钙EA 300 g/hm2和5％调环酸钙EA 300 g/hm2+0.01％芸苔素内酯SL 150 mL/hm2的产量较高,分别达7410.0 kg/hm2和7560.0 kg/hm2,较对照(CK)分别增产10.7％和13.0％.5％调环酸钙EA对小麦安全无药害,建议在小麦上推广使用.

大棚蔬菜已成为郑州地区蔬菜产品的重要来源.大棚蔬菜常多年连作重茬种植,病虫害发生不断加重,尤其是小型害虫的发生日趋猖獗.根据郑州市中牟县大棚蔬菜小型害虫的发生特点,阐述了粘虫板诱杀、防虫网隔离、生物农药防控等大棚蔬菜虫害绿色防控措施,以期为大棚蔬菜安全优质高效生产提供指导.

大力培育高素质农民,加快培养有文化、懂技术的高素质农民,打造现代农业生产经营队伍,是大势所趋,是现代农业高质量发展的必备条件.通过描述高素质农民培训的现状,分析在培训过程中存在的共性问题,并以河南农业职业学院多年开展河南省高素质农民培训为例,剖析在"互联网+"新时代背景下,探究如何改革高素质农民培训的模式,以全面提升农村劳动力技术技能.

为了探讨飞防前提下有效药剂的安全使用范围,采用田间小区试验,以常量喷雾方法模拟田间飞防操作情况下不同除草剂处理水平对小麦品种'豫麦49'的生长影响试验.结果 表明,供试除草剂在推荐用量、2倍剂量和4倍剂量下小麦旗叶叶绿素含量、N含量、光合速率、株高、叶锈病病情指数均显著降低.施用3.6％二磺·甲碘隆WDG2倍剂量和15％炔草酯WP4倍剂量下旗叶叶绿素含量和N含量不降反升.推荐剂量、倍量下小区试验产量显示增产效果;而当施用剂量达4倍剂量时,产量均明显下降.

Sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an important disease of oilseed rape in Henan province of China. Boscalid belongs to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides, many of which have strong antifungal activity against S.sclerotiorum. In 2015, a total of 175 isolates of S.sclerotiorum were collected from diseased oilseed rape plants in seven different regions of Henan Province. The EC50 values of 175 isolates of S.sclerotiorum to boscalid ranged from 0.0073 to 0.3880g ml(-1), and the mean EC50 value was 0.15 +/- 0.09g ml(-1). The frequency distribution was unimodal. There was no cross-resistance between boscalid and carbendazim, procymidone, iprodione, dimethachlone, fludioxonil or fluazinam. Field experiments showed that control efficacies of treatments with boscalid (50% WG) at 225, 300 and 375g ai ha(-1) were 71%, 81% and 90%, respectively. In contrast, the control efficacy of carbendazim (50% WP) at 1,500g ai ha(-1) was only 52%.

Grey mould, caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers ex Fr., is one of the most common diseases of tomato worldwide. Fludioxonil belongs to the phenylpyrrole fungicides, which have high activity against B.cinerea. The sensitivity of fludioxonil was evaluated on the basis of the level of inhibition of mycelium growth in 274 B.cinerea isolates collected from different locations (untreated with this fungicide) in Henan Province, China. The EC50 values for fludioxonil ranged from 0.0033 to 0.0415 mg/l, and the average EC50 values were 0.0156 +/- 0.0078 mg/l. Three fludioxonil-resistant mutants were obtained by subculturing fludioxonil-sensitive wild-type isolates on continuously increasing fludioxonil concentrations. For the cross-resistance assay, fludioxonil revealed positive cross-resistance with procymidone but did not reveal cross-resistance with pyrimethanil, boscalid and trifloxystrobin. Mycelial growth, conidial production, hyphal dry weight and pathogenicity were diminished significantly between the fludioxonil-resistant mutants and their sensitive wild-type parental isolates. This study shows for the first time that fludioxonil-resistant isolates of B.cinerea are still not present in Henan Province because this fungicide is an attractive and effective fungicide for chemical control. Recommendations can be made to growers to use fludioxonil to control grey mould and to consider the potential moderate resistance risk of using this fungicide.

Toxicities of fludioxonil,fluazinam,boscalid and difenoconazole,and their mixtures to Botrytis cinerea from tomato were detected by the method of mycelial growth assay in vitro.The results showed that the EC50 values for fludioxonil,fluazinam,boscalid and difenoconazole were 0.018 0 μg/mL,0.018 1 μg/mL,1.896 8 μg/mL,and 2.087 4μg/mL,respectively.The mixtures of the fungicides boscalid and difenoconazole with the ratio of 1 ∶ 5,1 ∶ 3,1 ∶ 1 and 3∶ 1,fludioxonil and difenoconazole with the ratio of 1∶ 5 and 1∶ 3,fludioxonil and fluazinam with the ratio of 1 ∶ 3,and boscalid and fludioxonil with the ratio of 5 ∶ 1 demonstrated synergistic inhibition effect,with the synergy ratio ranged from 1.5 to 4.05.Among them,the mixture of boscalid and difenoconazole (1.∶ 5) had the strongest inhibition against B.cinerea with the synergy ratio of 4.05,indicating synergistic inhibition,while the synergy ratio of other mixtures was 0.5-1.46,indicating additive inhibition.The above results indicated that fludioxonil,fluazinam,boscalid and difenoconazole,and their mixtures can be used alternately in controlling the gray mold disease caused by B.cinerea.

植物生产类专业是与生产实践密切结合的专业，本专业的毕业生能够直接投入到社会建设中，产生最直观的效益，因此本专业的实践教学尤为重要。以农业植物病理学课程为例，从优化实验方案和增加综合实验设计、建立稳固的生产实习链条、建立科学合理的考核评价体系以及提高高校教师的业务素质四个方面，借鉴国外先进大学的培养模式，探讨了我国植物生产类专业的实践教学模式。

以番茄和黄瓜为供试作物,采取盆栽试验,研究了不同施肥处理对番茄和黄瓜主要植物学性状及其根系发育的影响,结果表明:生态炭肥能明显增加番茄和黄瓜的叶数和株高,且与常规化肥配施效果最好,相对于对照,生态炭肥与常规化肥的叶数增幅为21.93％～82.35％,株高增幅为46.70％ ～ 65.90％.根系发育情况表明,生物炭肥能明显促进番茄和黄瓜的根系生长发育,且生态炭肥与化肥配施处理的效果优于生态炭肥处理,相对于对照组,生态炭肥与化肥配施处理番茄的根长、根冠比和根系活力分别增加了56.06％、40％和149.59％,黄瓜分别增加了48.65％、44.44％和110.76％.

In order to develop a low toxic and low residual nematicide and provide scientific basis for guaranteeing the quality security of agricultural products,we carried out a indoor pot experiment,a field plot experiment and field application demonstration,and investigated the control effects of a new plant-based nematicide on tomato root-knot nematode disease.The results showed that the control efficiency of the plant-based nematicide was very significant compared to other insecticides,with the highest average control efficiency of 75.33%.The plant-based nematicide could reduce the root-knot index at peak incidence period and the diseased plant rate at early incidence period significantly,so it could widely use in the production.

根据中职学生的学习特点,从实训课的课前、课中、课后三段入手,阐述了上好农类专业实训课的六个基本步骤,即训前准备、重申目标、教师演示、学生操作、检验交流和拓展提升,同时阐明了每步应该承载的实施内容和各步链接的内在联系,找出了各个步骤的具体操作方法和注意事项,形成了一种科学、序列化、能够提高实训效益的教学模式。

The systematic investigation of occurrence status of the economic crops root-knot nematode in Henan province were reported,and the identification of species of root-knot nematode was made.Through pot experiment,field plot experiment and field demonstration,a new type of plant-based insecticides on control of tobacco root-knot nematode were studied,the plant-based insecticides was a mixture consisting of Chinese Herbal Medicine Mixed.In order to provide scientific basis for developing low toxicity and low residual insecticide and guaranteeing the quality security of agricultural products.

<正>本研究系统调查了河南省12种经济作物的根结线虫病发生严重程度。2 a的调查结果表明,经济作物的根结线虫病发生极为普遍,其中南瓜、烟草、甜瓜、丝瓜、番茄、苦瓜、黄瓜和茄子发病最严重,其次为辣椒、西瓜、花生,而豇豆发病最轻。试验初步鉴定了河南省部分经济作物根结线

<正>农药应用技术是高职植物保护专业开设的一门专业主干课,本课程旨在培养面向农药应用领域的技术人才。通过对本课程的学习,使学生了解化学防治在综合防治中的作用和地位,掌握农药应用的基本知识技能,能够根据农药的性能特点制订病虫害化学防治方案,能从事农药企业的生产、

<正>在教学中,如何激发学生的学习兴趣,使他们爱学、乐学是我们每一位任课教师的职责。普通昆虫学是一门自然科学课程,有很多知识点需要学生记忆,把那些内容较分散、不利于学生记忆的内容编成顺口溜,在课堂中灵活运用,是激发学生学习兴趣

<正>水电解实验是化学实验中一个比较重要的实验内容。该实验的成功与否,直接关系到授课效果,成功的实验可使学生体会到化学世界的奥妙,从而激发学生学习化学的兴趣。笔者调查发现,该实验的原理比较简单,操作简便,但是成功率往往不高,效果不甚理想。要么H_2的燃烧很不容易被学生发现,要么产生的O_2不能够使带火星的木条复燃,或被冲出来的水流所熄灭。本文拟通过试验,寻找出提高水电解实验效果的方法。

The effects of DDT on seed vigor and germination of peanut were studied by using TTC and hydroponic methods. The results indicated that seed vigor and vigor index were increased remarkably when the peanut seeds were cultured for 5 days in solutions containing 4~128mg/kg DDT, and meanwhile, no significant effects on germination rate and germination index were found. Further researches on stimulation induced by DDT and its mechanism are needed.