本文简述了我国地震标准化发展从无到有、从小到大经历的4个主要阶段,基于地震标准发布实施时间及业务领域分布统计对地震标准现状进行详细分析,阐述我国现行地震标准特点和存在的问题.在进一步研究地震标准体系的基础上,提出了完善建议,并初步构建了新的地震标准体系框架.通过对现行地震标准和标准体系的分析,提出地震标准化思考与建议,以期为进一步推进地震标准化工作提供借鉴.

为提高地震标准化工作效率,解决地震标准化工作信息化程度较低的问题,本文设计研发了地震标准制修订信息平台.在开发过程中,后台采用三层架构设计,前端基于WEB的典型CSS+DIV布局.平台严格按照地震标准化工作公开透明的要求和地震标准制修订的流程进行开发.该平台实现了地震标准检索、地震标准制修订流程管理等功能,并经软件安装、环境部署和平台测试后,平台顺利上线运行,满足了地震标准信息化管理的要求.

利用2011～2013年的流动GNSS观测资料及处理结果,获得了2014年于田Ms7.3地震区域水平形变场.结果显示:(1)于田Ms7.3地震发生在构造活动较强烈的阿尔金断裂带西端,其两侧的形变差异运动为8 ～9 mm/a,左旋运动是差异运动的主要成份;(2)发震区域的主应变是全区最突出的区域,张压大小相对均等,主张方向为南东东—北西西;(3)该地震发生在左旋形变的高梯度带上,其北部的塔里木盆地为较弱的右旋形变,其南部约150 km以外几乎无旋形变;(4)地震发生的部位为面应变性质转变的过渡带,其西为面膨胀区,其东为面收缩区.

The statistical analysis of disturbance types of cross-fault deformation shows that the interference factors mainly consist of meteorology,groundwater level,vibration,load fluctuation,human disturbance and so on.For example,subsidence and rise of monument may be caused by the variation of precipitation and groundwater level or the human disturbance like construction nearby,the height change may be caused by the load fluctuation in one side of fault due to reservoir,variation of temperature and pressure can influence crustal deformation,and there are other interference factors like vibration caused by external force.

Based on the statistics of cross-fault deformation anomalies before strong earthquakes during the last forty years,this article analyses the characteristics of the time duration,spatial distribution,amplitude of the anomalies and the relationship of all the three factors.it disgusses the anomaly characteristics of the measurement of cross-fault deformation as well as the maximum spacing of the cross-fault sites and observation cycle of the monitoring of different magnitude of earthquakes.The results suggest that: The anomalies are mainly of medium term as well as short and medium terms,occur more frequently one year before the earthquakes.The time duration of the anomalies is directly proportional to the earthquake magnitude.The spatial distribution of the anomalies also has a phenomenon that it extends as the augment of the epicenter distance.The amplitude of the anomalies enlarges with the increase of time duration and reaches to higher level when the epicenter distance is within 160 to 350 km.The anomaly shape is devided into two main types:trend and mutant.The spacing of monitoring cross-fault sites of different earthquake magnitude can be different: The spacings for monitoring magnitude 7 earthquakes should be less than 450 km,and 300 km,200 km,100 km for magnitude 6,5,4 earthquakes respectively.The measurement cycle is supposed to be within three months.

The paper systematically analyzes the activity features of different regions and fault zones all around China and the relationship between geological structures and macroseisms,focusing on the faulting velocity in two aspects:reverse fault vs.normal fault and bedrock bench mark vs.soil layers mark.The results show that the magnitude and direction of fault deformation rate is related to the location of the geological structure of the site where the deformation occurred.The vertical and horizontal movements of the faults have both the inheritance and newly-born characteristics,i.e.they are both of stages and spatiotemporal differences.Faulting and seismic activity have consistency in temporal and spatial scale.The amount of horizontal fault deformation is larger than that of vertical one.The activity level of normal fault is higher than that of reverse fault,and they are both effective for the monitoring of faulting in the preparation of earthquake.The average activity rate of vertical and horizontal deformations of soil layers mark stone site is higher than that of the bedrock bench mark,but both of them can monitor the earthquake precursory anomaly.

<正>电子水准仪是在自动安平水准仪的基础上发展起来的,自1990年瑞士威特厂研制出第一台电子水准仪NA2000,经过十几年的研发,已有多家公司能够生产精密电子水准仪,其主要厂家有德国的蔡司(后为美国的

Based on the analyses of 75 pieces of fault deformation monitoring data obtained in the Region of Capital Circle (RCC) in many years, two major expressions of fault deformation anomaly in the unstable period of crustal deformation are proposed in the paper, one is the medium-term variation lasting 1–2 year or longer time, the other is the rapid deformation of 1–3 months. When the above-mentioned two kinds of variations appear in groups, it may be associated with strong seismic activities in North China. In this paper, the method of information synthesis has been used to obtain the common characteristics from individual fault deformation and approach to its relation to the development of earthquake.