Objective:To summarize clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of infants with urinary calculus developed after being fed with melamine tainted formula milk.Methods:2539 infants after being fed with melamine tainted formula milk enquiringly admitted to the China-Friendship Hospital pediatric out-patient department from 2008 September to October.The urine routine and urinary ultrasonic features,blood urea nitrogen (BUN)and creatinine (Cr)were checked to analyze the epidemiological characteristic,clinical manifestations as well as image features.Results:21 children were diagnosed as urinary calculus due to melamine tainted formula milk,6 bilateral renal calculus,8 left and 7 right renal calculus,2 patients were complicated with half pelvis hydrops or distension but their BUN and Cr were normal.Conclusion:Melamine tainted formula milk may cause urinary calculus.Urinary ultrasonic features are the pivotal method to diagnose and differentiate the infant urinary calculus due to melamine tainted formula milk.Infants have no severe adverse renal outcomes such as acute renal failure or urinary tract obstruction require follow-up and none specific treatment.

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical features of benign infantile convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis (BICE) and provide helpful information for the accurate diagnosis and effective management of BICE. Methods The patients, aged 3-36 months, with gastroenteritis accompanied with convulsions were clinically observed and followed up for more than 18 months. Results BICE was diagnosed in 12 cases with a peak onset age of ( 16.0 ± 6.5) months. Six (50%) of the cases occurred in winter. All seizures developed within the first 5 days of the course and 9 (75%) within the first 3 days. The cases presented with generalized or partial seizures. Early clustering seizure attacks were seen in 7 patients (58%). Seizures averaged 2.1 attacks per course. Interictal electroencephalogram (EEG), brain imaging, blood biochemical profile and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing did not show abnormality in all cases. No antiepileptic medications were prescribed to the patients as the seizures had stopped.Three (25%) of the cases experienced relapses that usually did not happen more than twice. The longest course of BICE lasted 8 months. All cases demonstrated normal psychomotor development and had no individual or family history of febrile convulsion or epilepsy. Conclusions In this study BICE showed the following clinical features: It occurred at a peak age of 1 to 2 years old and was frequently seen in wintertime. The convulsions usually developed in early days of the course in generalized or partial and mostly in clustering patterns. There were no significant changes in blood biochemical profile,CSF, brain imaging and interictal EEG. The course usually lasted less than 12 months although a small portion of the patients relapsed. An anti-epileptic therapy may not be necessary after seizure cessation in children with BICE.

Objective To study the clinical features of mild gastroenteritis complicates with benign infantile convulsion (BICE) for correct diagnosis and reasonable treatment.Methods Patients aged 3~36 months with mild gastroenteritis accompanied by convulsions were observed and followed up for more than 18 months.Results 8 cases were diagnosed as BICE.The age of onset was(14.0±5.9)months,occurring in winter in 50%.The seizure occurred in first 3 days of an episode in 75﹪ of cases.The pattern of seizure was generalization in 87.5% and cluster seizures in 58%.The average number of seizures during a single episode was 2.4.The tests of serum biochemisty and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and CT scan were normal.All displayed normal EEG background in interictal period.No antiepileptic treatment was given to all as the seizures stopped,relapse occurred in 37.5% patients during the follow-up.All patients had no familial history of convulsions or epilepsy and had normal psychomotor development before and after onset.Conclusion Our cases have following characteristics:⑴the prevailing age is 1 to 2 years,often occurring in winter;⑵the afebrile convulsions all occurr in the first 5 days during an episode,most are generalization and cluster,and there are no dehydration and acidosis;⑶tests of serum biochemisty,CSF,brain neuroradiology and interictal EEG are normal;⑷part of patients may relapse,the number≤2 times,the course being less than 12 months with good prognosis.

目的了解窒息新生儿在听觉刺激诱发脑神经活动时的脑氧合代谢和脑血流量的改变.方法 1998～2003年北京中日友好医院儿科选择窒息新生儿34例为窒息组,健康新生儿40名为对照组.使用近红外光谱仪,观察听觉刺激试验诱发的脑氧合血红蛋白[Hb O2]、还原血红蛋白[Hb H]和总血红蛋白[Hb tot]浓度的变化,并比较两组脑氧合代谢和脑血流量的改变.根据[Hb O2]、[Hb H]和[Hb tot]不同的变化,将氧合代谢曲线分为A([Hb O2]、[Hb H]和[Hb tot]均增加); B([Hb O2]和[Hb tot]增加, [Hb H]降低);C([Hb O2]和[Hb tot]降低, [Hb H]增加)3种曲线类型.结果窒息组中25例(25/34、73.5%)显示C型变化,对照组中28例(28/40、70.0%)显示A型变化,两组中A、C两型例数比较差异显著(P<0.05).两组[Hb O2]和[Hb tot]数值变化幅度比较差异显著(P<0.05).结论窒息新生儿听觉刺激诱发相应皮层的神经活动时,显示局部脑血流量下降、氧合代谢降低,重度窒息儿更明显.

轻度胃肠炎伴良性婴幼儿惊厥(BICE)在临床上较为常见,目前发病率尚不明确,其病因可能与轮状病毒感染有关.临床具有以下特点:秋冬季1～3岁高发;轻度胃肠炎伴无热或有热惊厥,初期可频繁发作;无明显脱水及酸中毒;血生化及脑脊液常规生化检查正常;粪便轮状病毒抗原常呈阳性;发作期脑电图可为局部起源继之泛化,发作间期背景正常;脑影像学正常;少数病例可复发;预后良好.目前该病症是否需要抗癫痫治疗及疗程多长为宜尚不明确,对起病初期的频繁发作的控制亦不理想.

我院新生儿室在94年4月,两周时间内集中发生了9例金黄色葡萄球菌(简称金葡菌)感染,死亡1例,治愈8例.现整理分析如下.