水平井能有效扩大油气储层的裸露面积,日产量平均为直井的 4 倍以上,所以水平井已经成为低渗油藏高效开采的主要方式.松辽盆地低渗透致密油水平井由于目的层青一段水平段易出现井壁失稳、工具面不稳、钻头泥包等问题,导致机械钻速慢,钻井周期长,因此通过PDC钻头、螺杆钻具、井壁修复工具等提速工具的个性化设计及一体化配套优化技术研究,降低钻井成本,实现效益化开采.

介绍了螺杆钻具定子用NBR高硬度橡胶胶料的配方设计过程.结果表明,在相同硫化体系下,不同ACN含量的NBR胶料硫化速度基本相同;优选NBR Krynac4450作基胶可兼顾加工工艺性能;采用增硬剂并用可有效提高胶料定伸应力和交联密度;加入增硬树脂可降低混炼胶门尼粘度,提高加工工艺性能;加入纳米增硬剂可明显提升硫化胶硬度和定伸应力.

采取小井眼钻井技术是减少泥浆用量、降低废弃物和减少固井成本的有效途径,但由于小井眼钻井环形空间小、泥浆排量小,导致钻头泥包、小螺杆钻具输出扭矩低等问题,在加上小尺寸PDC钻头定向工具面不稳、螺杆钻具防托压效果不好,使其机械钻速慢、使用寿命低.针对小井眼施工及工况特点,以PDC钻头的防泥包设计、螺杆钻具的防托压设计、小尺寸PDC钻头和螺杆钻具的高攻击性、高造斜、高抗磨等个性化设计为基础,形成了一套小井眼PDC钻头+螺杆钻具优化配置提速技术,达到提高机械钻速、减少起下钻次数、缩短钻井周期、降低钻井成本的目的.

To overcome a number of bottlenecks in high-curvature horizontal wells,such as instability of large antitorque,inconformity of build-up rate,bit partially load and difficult cutting cleaning,PDC bits for special wells are designed to expand application space of PDC bits,improve the application efficiency of bits for igneous and metamorphic rocks and meet the market demand of directional wells,horizontal wells and special rock drilling operation.A series of 14 new PDC bit products,such as f152.4mm,f215.9mm,f241.3mm and f311.15mm,have been successfully developed by means of spiral gauge,equal wearing teeth arrangement,pre-breaking stress and cutter press in depth control.The field application of those bits in Jidong Oilfield,Sulige Gas Field indicate that they can improve drilling speed,shorten drilling cycle and create good conditions for subsequent accurate logging and identification of oil and gas formations.This series of new products reached the domestic advanced level and have a promising prospect for application and extension.However,it is still necessary to make an in-depth study of the bits in the future in the areas of the cutting teeth angle and rock-breaking efficiency.

Tarim Oilfield is characterized by ultra-deep reservoir and ultra-heavy crude oil. So heavy oil here has gel asphalt deposition and high frictional resistance. In addition, the temperature is high in bottom hole, as a result the conventional submersible electric pumps are superheated and overloaded as well as easily stuck. This may result in shorter life, frequent operation and soaring oil production cost. For this, Bohai Equipment Zhongcheng Machinery developed and designed deep and heavy oil well submersible electric pumps, developed high-power and high temperature resistant electric motors, and improved their cooling performance. The company also designed and applied full-flow-channel leaves resistant to heavy oil and support diverter cover technology, fulfilling long-lifetime production of deep and heavy oil well electric pumps. The successful development of such pumps fills the blank of domestic like products.

Aiming at the difficulty in modeling of matrix-body PDC bits,low recovery rate of the graphite and low efficiency,it is introduced that the moulds are produced by sand mold die forming.Based on the mould forming process the author summarized that at first design mould forming process,then determine the first mould sintered,rubber mould technique.With the research result,matrix PDC bits have been made on trial basis.Indoor experiments show high mould production efficiency and exquisite profile with good continuance,high precision and consequently achieved the expected purpose.Graphite mould recovery can reach about 60%,greatly reducing the cost of the graphite mould.

Directional PDC bit is mainly used to solve a series of problems in directional wells,including big anti-torque,unstable tool surface and occasional pauses of deflecting operation.With compact structure,the bit is designed based on the low-torque and high rock breaking theory,the re- broken tooth placement technique and the bottom flow field simulation technique.Using the bit,the impact of cutting anti-torque on directional orientation tool surface is minimized,drilling torque changes little,tool surface is placed stably and it has effective directional capability,good deflecting effect,fast ROP and long life.Directional PDC bit,as a characteristic bit,has a broad application prospect.

The test methods and the test equipments of current battery and power train were analyzed in this paper.The battery simulation model and condition testing model were built up,and then were applied to BTS equipment,by which the real conditions of the tested battery were simulated and the virtual battery served to the tested equipments.

The design and study of the Delaunay triangulation algorithm plays an important role in the Setting up of DTM.Based on the analysis of existing triangulation algorithm,this paper combine point by point insertion algorithm with the idea of convex hull algorithm and put forward its own algorithm: firstly drawn Convex hull,and then construct the initial triangulation,and finally optimize overall with the ways of LOP.The algorithm,as far as possible reduce the margin of a number of optimization in order to improve the operating efficiency.

针对胎体PDC钻头模具中水槽块成型困难的问题,开发了PDC钻头模具覆膜砂成型技术。介绍了该技术的工艺过程,分析了该技术的实施效果。结果表明,覆膜砂成型技术能够很好地保证产品的一致性,降低工人的劳动强度,提高工作效率;该技术能完全反映设计意图,操作者可独立完成制模工序;利用该技术生产,单只钻头可节约生产成本100元以上,扩大了产品的利润空间;覆膜砂成型技术的应用既可提高产品质量,又可保证产品的市场竞争需求。

Drilling in complicated formation can easily result in collapse,shortening diameter and high abrasiveness,which causes low average mechanical drilling velocity,difficult drilling and difficulty in meeting the demand of high-efficiency drilling regarding the common drill bit.Therefore,the study of a kind of new PDC bit used in complicated formation is put forward according to regional feature.The advanced means are used to carry out the individuated design in terms of teeth-distribution way,crown head shape,hydraulic structure and force balance of the PDC bit.The goal of increasing mechanical drilling velocity,reducing running and pulling times,preventing drilling accident,shortening drilling period and saving drilling cost can be reached by using the new bit in the complicated formation.The field application shows that the bit significantly increases drilling velocity,shortens drilling period and saves drilling cost with obvious economic benefit.

在测量数据处理中,最小二乘原理一直是被广泛采用的平差处理方法，然而当模型病态时,虽然用最小二乘解算的结果是无偏的,但方差较大。若观测数据含有误差,参数估值与真值就相差很大,而且估值表现出不稳定性。本文采用遗传算法对带有误差的观测值进行处理，得到了比较好的结果，也说明了该方法的可行性。

如何利用先进的超市信息导航系统提高大型超市的自动化服务质量是当今大型家电超市面临的一个重大课题。本文利用VB和MO开发出一个小型的家电超市信息导航系统，使顾客可以轻松自如浏览所有商品的最新动态，该系统的灵活性、快捷性、详细性为顾客购物时提供了很大方便，同时为超市带来了经济效益。

针对超市选址的重要性和复杂性，讨论了影响超市选址的主要因子及其内容的确定和量化的方法，针对现有选址方法的不足，提出以地理信息系统（GIS）可视化为分析平台，将神经网络分析方法引入到超市选址中，具有一定的可行性和有效性。

本文分析了校园信息的特点，探讨了基于GIS的校园信息系统的系统组成、结构和特点，结合高校校园管理信息系统应用实际，阐明GIS应用于校园信息综合管理的必要性和可行性，并重点对各功能模块进行了研究。