双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)又名蘑菇、白蘑菇、洋蘑菇等[1],属草腐菌,为低温型菇类,其味道鲜美,营养丰富,是世界性栽培和消费的食用菌.欧洲是栽培双孢蘑菇发源地,也是双孢蘑菇的主要栽培区域及消费市场;双孢蘑菇的栽培早已采用三次发酵技术,周年重复栽培8轮,产量稳定在30 kg/m2以上[2].而我国主要以自然季节栽培双孢蘑菇为主,受气候影响大,产量不稳定,大多每轮产量在10～15 kg/m2.

The experiments were carried out to study the effects of application of mixed water retention agent and pearlite on the emergence rate and the growths of flue-cured tobacco seedlings by the floating system and to provide a theoretical base for the new seedling medium.The results showed that: compared with peat medium,application of mixed water retention agent and 30% pearlite could had the same emergence rate and reduced the growth period by 0~2 d,thus having a higher or the same effects on agronomic character conditions and dry matter.The chlorophyll content of tobacco seedlings,the NR enzyme's activity,and the SOD activity also increased by 0.24 mg/g,1.73·μg/g FW·h and 31.3 μg/g FW treated with application of mixed water retention agent and 30% pearlite,compared with the treatment of peat medium.Therefore,application of mixed water retention agent and pearlite could replace peat medium.

The 3% Acetamiprid emulsion was applied in tobacco fields to investigate the effect of controlling Myzus persicae during 2005 to 2006.The results showed that the control effect of the insecticide with 2500～3000 times was above 95% at 15d after application,and the effective time of the insecticide could continue 30 to 45d.The insecticide is safe for natural enemies of Myzus persicae such as Chrysopa sptempunctata,Metasyrphus corollae,Coccinella sptempunctata,Aphidius gifuensis.

为了提高烤烟雄性不育杂交种制种产量和效率,本文就授粉时期对杂交成果率、单果种子数和种子产量的影响进行了系统的研究。其结果是:授粉时期与成果率、单果结实种子数和种子产量之间呈二次抛物线回归关系,花冠打开前1d到花冠打开后1d授粉的成果率、单果结实种子数和种子产量均高,单株产量达到15.28g。

Five nutrient indexes of the soils for planting tobacco in six counties,two prefectures and Guizhou province were analyzed to study soil nutrient characteristic of tobacco fields with different regional scale and their nutrient management.The results showed that the variation in different average soil nutrient content was county scale prefecture scale,the variation range in average soil nutrient content was province scale prefecture scalecounty scale,and the variation in distribution frequency of soil nutrients was county scale prefecture scale.The paper discussed the nitrogen nutrient management on the county scale and the management of phosphate and Nitrogen nutrient on the province scale according to soil nutrient characteristic of different regional scale.

烤烟种子催芽后包衣,种子发芽势提高0.50%~2.75%,发芽率提高1.00%~1.25%。种子催芽程度以种子露白40%~60%效果最佳,种子催芽后出苗期提前6~7 d,出苗整齐度好。经贮藏处理,随催芽程度的变化耐贮藏性变化较大,催芽程度越高,耐贮藏性越差,催芽后耐贮藏性与贮藏温度、催芽时间、包衣加工方法有关。烤烟种子催芽处理后对烟苗素质、产量及其经济学性状影响不明显。