[Objective]The species,distribution and utilization status of wild medicinal plant resources in Qingzhen,Guizhou Province were explored to provide the basis for sustainable utilization and protection of medicinal plant resources and exploitation of dominant species in this region.[Method]According to the requirement of Technical Specification of the Fourth National Survey of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources,the medicinal plant resources in Qingzhen City were collected by field investigation,specimen identification and photo shooting,and then the diversity of their species composition,family structure,life type,medicinal efficacy and medicinal parts were studied.[Result]There were 673 species of medicinal plants in 481 genera,146 families in Qingzhen City,including 43 species of ferns in 32 genera,19 families,such as Drynaria fortunei,Pyrrosia petiolosa and Asplenium pekinense;13 species of gymnosperms were in 12 genera,7 families,such as Pinus massoniana,Pseudolarix amabilis,and Platycladus orientalis;Angiosperms belonged to 617 species in 437 genera,120 families,such as Plantago asiatica,Bletilla striata and Reynoutria japonica.[Conclusion]The species of medicinal plants in Qingzhen City are abundant with diverse life types,medicinal efficacy and medicinal parts,and some medicinal plants have potential value for protection,development and artificial cultivation.
[Objective]The effects of the application amount of new trace element fertilizer,silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer,on the yield and quality of Brassica napus were investigated,which provided new fertilizer choices for high-yield and stable-yield cultivation of B.napus,and provided new methods for studying the simplified cultivation of B.napus with reducing fertilizer application and improving yield in Guizhou.[Method]Using pure base fertilizer as CK,the fertilization test to B.napus with different dosages of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer(300 kg/hm2,600 kg/hm2,900 kg/hm2,1 200 kg/hm2,1 500 kg/hm2,1 800 kg/hm2)was carried out from 2020 to 2022,so as to analyze the differences in yield,plant traits and quality characteristics of B.napus treated with different application rate of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer.[Result]Applying silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer was beneficial for B.napus growth and effectively improving the yield.Compared with CK,the yield of B.napus increased by 0.48％-4.34％and 0.93％-8.40％respectively after applying base fertilizer combined with silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer during 2020-2022.The regression analysis of the application rate of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and rape yied indicated,when the application rates of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer were 1 484.46 kg/hm2 and 1 402.64 kg/hm2,respectively,the yield of B.napus reached the highest,reaching 2 267.93 kg/hm2 and 2 909.45 kg/hm2,respectively.Applying silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer significantly increased the number of pods per plant,main inflorescence length,plant height,branch number,1000-grain weight and pod number,reduced erucic acid and protein content,and improved oil content and yield.[Conclusion]On comprehensively considering economic benefits and yield,the optimal fertilization was base fertilizer combined with 1 400-1 500 kg/hm2 silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer to B.napus.
[Objective]The differences in flavonoids content of flowers and leaves of Rhus chinensis growing at different altitudes were explored to provide the theoretical basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of R.chinensis.[Method]Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to determine six flavonoids contents of tannic acid,myricetin,rutin,gallic acid,luteolin and quercetin in flowers and leaves of R.chinensis growing at different altitudes(600-800 m,1 000-1 200 m and 1 200-1 400 m),and then the correlation between altitudes and the contents of each component was analyzed.[Result]Total flavonoids content in flowers of R.chinensis growing at an altitude of 600-800 m was the highest,with an average of 7.48 μg/mL;Total flavonoids content in leaves was highest at an altitude of 1 200-1 400 m,with an average of 5.9 μg/mL.As the flavonoids content in flowers of R.chinensis growing at different altitudes,there was no obvious difference in rutin,myricetin and tannic acid content,while there was a significant difference in gallic acid,luteolin and quercetin content(P＜0.05);As the flavonoids content in leaves,there was no obvious difference in rutin,gallic acid,myricetin,and tannic acid,while there was a significant difference in luteolin and quercetin(P＜0.05).Myricetin and quercetin content in flowers were positively correlated with altitude,and the other four flavonoids contents were negatively correlated with altitude,in which luteolin content was very significantly and negatively correlated with altitude;Rutin,gallic acid and luteolin content in leaves were positively correlated with altitude,while the other three flavonoids content were negatively correlated with altitude,in which rutin content was significantly and positively correlated with altitude.[Conclusion]Altitude affected flavonoids content in flowers and leaves of R.chinensis to a certain extent.Flavonoids content was different in leaves growing at different altitudes.The average content of rutin,gallic acid,tannic acid and luteolin in leaves at an altitude of 1 200-1 400 m was the highest,respectively 0.66 μg/mL,0.48 μg/mL,0.28 μg/mL and 2.12 μg/mL;The average content of myricetin and quercetin content in leaves at an altitude of 1 000-1 200 m was the highest,respectively 0.69 μg/mL and 2.17 μg/mL.
[Objective]The genetic diversity of different geographical populations of the tea plant pest,Crenidorsum turpiniae,was explored to know the current status of genetic differentiation of C.turpiniae,and to provide the foundation for its scientific prevention and control.[Method]Based on the sequence fragments of rDNA ITS1 gene of 10 geographical populations of C.turpiniae in Guizhou Province,the genetic differentiation,gene flow,molecular variation and genetic diversity of these populations were analyzed using MEGA-X,DnasP 5.10,Arlequin 3.5.2.2,SAMOVA 2.0,etc.[Result]The sequence length of rDNA ITS1 gene of 10 geographical populations of C.turpiniae was 434 bp with obvious G+C bias,and it had 306 conservative sites,78 mutation sites and 48 parsimonious information site,among which 9 sites were converted and 9 site were reversed.A total of 47 haplotypes(5 haplotypes were shared and 42 haplotypes were exclusive)were defined.The genetic diversity of the total population of C.turpiniae showed high haplotype diversity(Hd=0.968)and high nucleotide diversity(Pi=0.036 28)in Guizhou 10 plantations.The genetic differentiation degree of the total population of the 10 geographical populations of C.turpiniae was high(Fst=0.724 60),as the gene flow was low(Nm=0.10).The genetic variation of the C.turpiniae was mainly from among groups(Fct=0.646 20);The haplotype phylogenetic analysis showed that the C.turpiniae had two branches with one consisting of MT,YQ,FG and SY populations,and the other of MT,DZ,RH,HX,QX,JS and HHG populations.[Conclusion]The overall level of genetic diversity of C.turpiniae in Guizhou was high,gene glow was low,and it had significant genetic differentiation.
[Objective]The effects of millet-rape multi-cropping system with different planting patterns on soil physical and chemical properties and rhizosphere microbial quantity were explored in the hilly areas,which provided references for formulating rational cultivation measures and realizing the healthy development of agricultural characteristic industries.[Method]The variance and correlation analysis of soil nutrient content and soil microbial quantity in millet-rape multi-cropping for different years(one year,two years and three years)and rotating other crops(corn and sweet potato)after one year of multi-cropping millet-rape were conducted by spatial-temporal substitution method.[Result]Under rotating other crops after one year of multi-cropping millet-rape,compared with millet-rape multi-cropping for one year pattern,the contents of total nitrogen,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil were significantly decreased after rotating sweet potato and corn(P＜0.05);As for the soil microbial quantity,soil bacteria decreased significantly(P＜0.05)after rotating sweet potato and corn,soil fungi and actinomycetes quantity increased significantly(P＜0.05)after rotating sweet potato,while soil actinomycetes quantity increased significantly(P＜0.05)after rotating corn.In the planting pattern of millet-rape multi-cropping for different years,the contents of total nitrogen,total potassium,available nitrogen and available potassium in soil showed a first decreasing and then increasing trend with the increase of multi-cropping years;As for soil microbial quantity,soil actinomycetes and bacteria quantity increased significantly(P＜0.05)with the increase of multi-planting years,and soil fungi quantity of multi-cropping for two years was significantly higher than that of multi-cropping for one year and three years.[Conclusion]The soil nutrient content showed a first decreasing and then increasing trend with the increase of multi-cropping years in millet-rape multi-cropping system in hilly areas,in which soil nutrient contents of multi-cropping for three years were better than that for two years.The millet-rape multi-cropping system could maintain soil fertility balance and improve soil quality.
[Objective]The new hybrid rice variety with high and stable yield was bred to alleviate the single and lack of self-bred varieties in regional rice production and to meet the needs of new rice varieties in production.[Method]T Xiang 23A and Jinhui 15H1 were combined by Guizhou Rice Research Institute and Guizhou Jinnong Sciences&Technology Co.,Ltd.to breed the new hybrid rice varieties.[Result]The new three-line hybrid indica rice combination T Xiangyou 151 with high and stable yield was approved by Guizhou Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2018.In 2016,the average yield of regional test in Guizhou rice green channel was 9.69 t/hm2,which was 9.68％higher than that of CK(Xiangzaoyou 2017);In 2017,the average yield of continuous test in Guizhou rice green channel was 10.0 t/hm2,which was 10.9％higher than that of CK.In 2017,the average yield of production trial in Guizhou rice green channel was 9.30 t/hm2,which was 9.79％higher than that of CK.[Conclusion]The hybrid new rice variety,T Xiangyou 151,with high and stable yield and good resistance,is suitable for popularizing and planting in the middle and high altitude areas of Guizhou Province.
[Objective]The stability of pollen mother cells in meiosis and pollen fertility of diploid and tetraploid tartary buckwheat were investigated to provide a reference for breeding of polyploid tartary buckwheat.[Method]The MⅠ chromosome pairing configuration,the cell abnormal degree at T Ⅱ stage and the pollen grain abortion indexes during the meiosis process of diploid and tetraploid pollen mother cells of 12 tartary buckwheats(Basu tartary buckwheat,WN047,WN090,Wugang tartary buckwheat,WN065,Chuanqiao 1,Erjizao,Qianwei 1,Jinku 2,Liuqiao 1,KP9920 and Qianwei 2)were observed and counted to compare and analyze the differences between diploid and tetraploid.[Result]The diploid chromosome pairing configuration of 12 tartary buckwheats was mainly 2n=2x=8Ⅱ,accounting for 95.42％,without amphinucleolus;The tetraploid chromosome configuration was 4n=4x=8Ⅳ mostly,accounting for 79.05％,with amphinucleolus(accounting for 18.6％).The average frequency of abnormal cells in the T Ⅱ phase of diploid in 12 tartary buckwheats was 4.34％,and the average micronuclei number in cell was 0.043 4,and there was no significant difference among different materials;The average frequency of abnormal cells of tetraploid in 12 tartary buckwheats was 24.09％,and the average micronuclei number in cell was 0.494 9,and there was a significant(P＜0.05)or extremely significant(P＜0.01)difference among different materials.The average pollen abortion rate of diploid in 12 tartary buckwheats was 9.54％,and there had a significant(P＜0.05)or extremely significant(P＜0.01)differences among different materials.The average pollen abortion rate of tetraploid in 12 tartary buckwheats was 18.70％,and there had a significant(P＜0.05)or extremely significant(P＜0.01)differences among different materials.There was also a very significant difference(P＜0.01)in the average micronuclei number in cell and pollen abortion rate between tetraploid and diploid.[Conclusion]Tetraploid had more complex chromosome pairing configurations than diploid tartary buckwheat varieties.The cell abnormalities of tetraploid tartary buckwheat during the T Ⅱphase and pollen abortion rate were very significantly higher than that of diploid,which were the main reasons for the poor genetic stability of tetraploid tartary buckwheat varieties compared to diploid tartary buckwheat varieties.
[Objective]The effects of branch in-situ returning to the field on the incidence of downy mildew,yield and quality of grape were explored to provide the scientific basis for the application in the production.[Method]Taking non-branch returning to the field as CK,four treatmentsCT1(0),T2(225 kg/hm2 urea),T3(225 kg/hm2 urea+60 kg/hm2 microbial agent with nutrition)and T4(225 kg/hm2 urea+60 kg/hm2 microbial agent with nutrition+300 kg/hm2 soil conditioner)]were set up during field experiment,and the effects of different treatments of branches in-situ returning to the field on downy mildew,growth potential,yield and quality of grape were studied.[Result]The mean values of incidence and disease index of grape downy mildew under the treatment of branch in-situ returning to the field were 19.24 percents point and 9.75 lower than CK,and T4 had the best effect;The mean values of leaf area,SPAD and specific leaf weight of grape were 6.15 cm2,3.69 and 4.21 mg/cm2 higher than those of CK,respectively,and T4 had the best effect;The single fruit weight,single ear weight and yield increased by 4.38％-12.11％,0.38％-6.83％and 0.71％-9.81％compared with CK,respectively,among which T4 were the highest.The comprehensive scores of fruit sensory,aroma and taste followed T4(93.7)＞T3(84.4)＞T2(81.4)＞T1(75.0)＞CK(63.2);The solid,Vc and amino acid contents were respectively 15.3-18.9,28.1-39.6 mg/100g and 205.22-312.09 mg/100g,among which T4were the highest,and CK were the lowest;The titratable acid was 0.27％-0.29％,with highest in CK and lowest in T4;The contents of N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe and Zn in grape were 0.66-1.12 g/kg,0.76-1.63 g/kg,0.38-1.15 g/kg,106.54-303.59 mg/kg,320.26-658.15 mg/kg,11.61-53.69 mg/kg and 2.10-3.29 mg/kg,respectively,with the highest in T4 and lowest in CK.[Conclusion]The treatment of branch in-situ returning to the field could reduce the incidence and disease index of grape downy mildew,help the grape growth and increase the yield and quality.
[Objective]The effects of different agents combinations of chlorphopham(CIPC),carvone and chlorine dioxide(ClO2)on the storage of sweet potato were explored to provide the scientific basis for its application in the production.[Method]Taking chlorine dioxide(ClO2)as the preservative,and carvone and CIPC as the bud inhibitor in the experiment,the effects of different combinations[non-preservative+non-bud inhibitor(A1B1),non-preservative+carvone(A1 B2),non-preservative+CIPC(A1B3),ClO2+non-bud inhibitor(A2B1),ClO2+carvone(A2B2)and ClO2+CIPC(A2B3)]on the storage of sweet potato were studied by two-factor experiment with randomized block design.[Result]With the prolonging of the storage,the germination rate of Ziyun red core sweet potato under six treatments showed an increasing trend.The germination rate of all treatments(except A2 B2)on 90 d was 1.23％-25.43％,among which A1B3 was the highest,A2B3was the lowest.The germination rate of all treatments on 105 d and 120 d was 2.97％-37.17％and 10.57％-62.03％,among which A1B3 was the highest,A2 B2 and A2B3were the lowest.The germination rate of all treatments on 135 d was 18.17％-100.00％,among which A1B1was the highest,A2 B2 was the lowest.Applying preservative could effectively inhibit weight loss rate and decay rate of sweet potato,while the effects of applying bud inhibitor were not obvious.When the Ziyun red core sweet potato were stored on 135 d,the average weight loss rate of different treatments was 27.72％-41.56％,following A1B1＞A1B3＞A1B2＞A2B2＞A2B1＞A2B3;The average decay rate was 11.00％-39.67％,following A1B1＞A1B2＞A1B3＞A2B1=A2B3＞A2B2.[Conclusion]During the storage period,the combined application of ClO2 and carvone could effectively inhibit the germination of tubers,reduce the weight loss rate of tubers and delay the deterioration of quality.ClO2 had good preservative effect and could be used in actual production.
[Objective]The effects of different light quality on photosynthetic pigments and physiological characteristics of Ginkgo biloba seedlings were studied,which provided technical reference for efficient cultivation of high-quality G.biloba seedlings for large-scale production.[Method]The one-year old seedlings of G.biloba were divided into four groups,and were cultured with red light(R),blue light(B),red and blue light(1R1B,1:1)and white light(W,CK)respectively.The physiological indexes such as chlorophyll and SOD were measured and analyzed on the 5th,15th and 30th day of seedling culture.[Result]Red light treatment could improve the plant height of G.biloba seedlings,promote the accumulation of chlorophyll a in the leaves of the seedlings,and significantly increase the content of soluble sugar in seedling leaves.Blue light treatment could increase the stem diameter of the seedlings,promote the accumulation of chlorophyll b in the leaves of the seedlings,and improve the content of soluble protein and proline in seedling leaves.The aboveground and underground biomass of the seedlings were the highest under the treatment of red combined with blue light.Meanwhile,the content of chlorophyll a+b in seedlings also significantly increased.Compared with white light,red light,blue light and red-blue compound light treatments all increased the activities of SOD,CAT and POD activities in seedlings leaves,and decreased MDA content.The SOD,CAT,and POD activities under blue light treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments,and the content of MDA was significantly lower than that of other groups.The SOD,CAT,and POD activities of red-blue compound light treatment were only lower than that of blue light,and the content of MDA was only higher than that of blue light.[Conclusion]The effects of red and blue compound light(1R1B,1∶1)on cultivating strong seedlings of G.biloba were the best.
[Objective]The taxonomy and functional diversity of soil microbial community in Zea mays and Rosa roxburghii were studied to provide the theoretical basis for R.roxburghii replacing Z.mays in planting structure adjustment.[Method]16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the soil of corn and R.roxburghii and to understand the differences and similarities of bacterial community taxonomy and functional diversity under different planting soil types.[Result]There were differences in bacteria taxonomic composition of different planting soils.Streptomyces and MND1 varied significantly among different sample plots,and the abundance in R.roxburghii soil was higher.Compared to the complexity of bacterial community in Z.mays soil,the fewer nodes and edges of bacterial community,the lower the complexity in R.roxburghii soil,the stronger the network invulnerability,the better the stability of recovery ability,which was more beneficial to resist the micro-environment changes.The abundance of porin proteins related to signal transduction and cellular process was higher significantly in Z.mays soil than those in R.roxburghii soil,while the opposite was true for prenyltransferase.[Conclusion]There were differences in bacterial community composition between Z.a mays soil and R.roxburghii soil;Streptomycetes and MND1 content were higher in R.roxburghii soil;The bacterial community composition in R.roxburghii soil was simpler,and more resistant to environmental changes.The abundance of porin proteins related to transmembrane transport was higher in Z.mays soil.
[Objective]The advantages of artificial inoculating strains to ferment cigar tobacco were explored to provide the basis for improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves.[Method]Eight dominant strains isolated from finished cigars in different countries,including DVl(Davidoff Tubos 2000),FZl[The Fuente OPUS X(Father & Son)20th Anniversary Edition],FZ2[The Fuente OPUS X(Father & Son)20th Anniversary Edition],FZY8[The Fuente OPUS X(Father&Son)20th Anniversary Edition],MT1(Montecristo No.2),MTT4(Montecristo No.2),ZLX10(Romeo y Julieta Short Churchills)and GL2(Cohiba Robustos),were used to ferment cigar tobacco leaves,and then the effects of the dominant strains on the quality of cigar tobacco were analyzed.[Result]FZ1,ZLX10 and GL2 significantly increased the contents of total sugar,reducing sugar and total phenol of cigar tobacco leaves,significantly decreased the contents of alkaloids,malic acid,malonic acid,succinic acid,stearic acid and oleic acid,and increased the contents of oxalic acid and linoleic acid,but had no significant impact on the contents of total nitrogen,potassium and chloride.Furthermore,FZ1,ZLX10 and GL2 were identified as Bacillus.[Conclusion]Inoculation of FZ1,ZLX10 and GL2 for fermentation could obviously improve the taste and smoke quality of cigar.
[Objective]Taking the transcription factor CcSOL4 composed by the plant mycotoxin(Solanapyrones)which could regulate Colletotrichum camelliae in tea trees as example,the CRISPR/Cas9 knockout vector system was constructed,which laid a foundation for applying CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing technology to C.camelliae.[Method]After analyzing the gene sequence of transcription factor CcSOL4,five targets were chosen to amplify the target fragment with taking PCBC vector as template,and then were recombined with the expression vector PKSE401 to construct the gene marker vector.Taking the binary vector,PKSE401,that carried Cas9-coding gene as skeleton,PCBC vector was used as template to amplify sgRNA,and then Overlapping PCR and Golden Gate Cloning were used to construct the CRISPR/Cas9 editing vector with two targets or three targets for C.camelliae.[Result]After amplification,the sizes of the two target vector fragments and the three target vector fragments were 650-750 bp,the above PCR fragments were ligated into vector PKSE401.1Sol4 and 2Sol4 from the double target vectors had 650 bp fragments through positive identification,while 3Sol4 from the three target vector had 1 200 bp fragments through positive identification.[Conclusion]The recombined vector was successfully constructed,and the CRISPR/Cas9 knockout system for C.camelliae was established.
[Objective]The extraction conditions of effective active components of Chinese herbs were explored,and the efficient Chinese herbal formulas to inhibit the bacteria causing piglet diarrhea were screened,which provided the theoretical basis for preventing and controlling diarrhea of weaned piglets in the process of pig breeding.[Method]The active ingredients in Chinese herbs were extracted by the enzymolysis method,and the effects of temperature,time,pH,enzyme dosage,material-liquid ratio and treatment on the extraction of the active ingredients were investigated through a single factor test to determine the optimal conditions for the enzyme extraction;On this basis,the bacteriostatic circle method was used to determine the bacteriostatic situation of different Chinese herbs against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,Salmonella choleraesuis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and then Chinese herbal formulas with better bacteriostatic effects were screened out.[Result]The optimal process for the enzymolysis method extracting the active ingredients of the Chinese herbs included 55 ℃ of extraction temperature+2 h of extraction time+3％enzyme amount+1∶25 of material-liquid ratio,pH 10 and grounding the Chinese herbs before extraction.Enterotoxigenic E.coli was extremely sensitive to the single herb Forsythia suspensa[(Φ)22.2 mm of inhibition zone diameter]and highly sensitive to pomegranate peel(Φ15.7 mm)and hawthorn(Φ19.4 mm),and the optimized formula was hawthorn+Polygonum cuspidatum+pomegranate peel+kuh-seng(Φ18.4 mm);S.choleraesuis showed high sensitivity to the single herb Astragalus membranaceus(Φ19.2 mm)and Phellodendron chinense(Φ15.5 mm),and the optimized formula was A.membranaceus+P.chinense+pomegranate peel(Φ24.4 mm).P.aeruginosa was highly sensitive to the single herb Radix isatidis(Φ11.5 mm)and Codonopsis pilosula(Φ12.1 mm),and the optimized formula was C.pilosula+Houttuynia cordata+Glycyrrhiza uralensis+Gentiana cruciata(Φ15.0 mm).[Conclusion]The Chinese herbal formulas of hawthorn+P.cuspidatum+pomegranate peel+kuh-seng,A.membranaceus+P.chinense+pomegranate peel and C.pilosula+H.cordata+G.uralensis+G.cruciata were effective in inhibiting enterotoxigenic E.coli,S.choleraesuis and P.aeruginosa,respectively.
[Objective]The effects of exogenous hormones 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid sodium salt(2,4-D)and P-chlorophenoxyacetic acid(PCPA)on the growth and quality of different tomato varieties were explored to provide basis for their production and application.[Method]Eight tomato varieties(Yellow Pearl,Xiyang Huangli,Zishengnv,Purple Pearl,Hongyangli Huangjia,Green Pearl,Matier Ice Cream and Colorful Pearl)were treated with 20 mg/L 2,4-D and 25 mg/L PCPA to study the effects of two plant hormones on the growth and quality of tomato.[Result]The fruit color transformation stage treated with 2,4-D and PCPA dipping flower treatment was 9.66 d and 3.66 d earlier than CK,respectively.In terms of fruit growth characteristics,the single fruit weight of eight tomato varieties increased treated with 2,4-D dipping flower treatment,and the single fruit weight of Green Pearl and Matier Ice Cream increased most significant treated with 2,4-D dipping flower treatment,which significantly increased by 219.18％and 159.30％compared with CK.Their longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter also increased with different ratios,while the fruit shape indexes had no obvious difference with CK.The single fruit weight of Green Pearl and Colorful Pearl treated with PCPA dipping flower treatment respectively increased by 76.24％and 66.93％compared with CK,while the fruit shape indexes were no different from CK.The soluble protein content of different tomato varieties treated with 2,4-D dipping flower treatment were 3.53-5.83 mg/g,and that of different tomato varieties treated with PCPA dipping flower treatment were 3.59-6.59 mg/g,while CK were 4.05-6.39 mg/g.The soluble solid content of different tomato varieties treated with 2,4-D dipping flower treatment were 3.33％-6.70％,and that of different tomato varieties treated with PCPA dipping flower treatment were 2.10％-8.43％,while CK were 3.40％-6.30％.The titratable acid of different tomato varieties treated with 2,4-D dipping flower treatment were 0.25％-0.50％,and that of different tomato varieties treated with PCPA dipping flower treatment were 0.26％-0.53％,while CK were 0.34％-0.57％.The soluble sugar content of different tomato varieties treated with 2,4-D dipping flower treatment were 2.66％-4.60％,and that of different tomato varieties treated with PCPA dipping flower treatment were 2.70％-5.22％,while CK were 1.72％-3.80％.The sugar/acid content of different tomato varieties treated with 2,4-D dipping flower treatment were 7.06％-13.17％,and that of different tomato varieties treated with PCPA dipping flower treatment were 8.62％-11.52％,while CK were 4.05％-9.59％.The β-carotenoid content of different tomato varieties treated with 2,4-D dipping flower treatment were 13.70-126.61 μg/g,and that of different tomato varieties treated with PCPA dipping flower treatment were 13.53-189.33 μg/g,while CK were 9.16-84.87 μg/g.The Vitamin C content of different tomato varieties treated with 2,4-D dipping flower treatment were 4.27-25.73 mg/100g,and that of different tomato varieties treated with PCPA dipping flower treatment were 3.64-28.18 mg/100g,while CK were 2.91-23.42 mg/100g.The lycopene content of different tomato varieties treated with 2,4-D dipping flower treatment were 0.11-13.42 μg/g,and that of different tomato varieties treated with PCPA dipping flower treatment were 0.23-10.66 μg/g,while CK were 0.03-17.32 μg/g.[Conclusion]Dipping flower treatment with 2,4-D and PCPA can advance the color transformation period of tomato,increase fruit weight,reduce titratable acid and increase sugar-acid ratio,and the effects were different in different varieties.2,4-D treatment was superior to PCPA treatment in improving tomato yield and quality.
[Objective]The effects of glyphosate,acetochlor and their combination on soil nutrients and enzyme activities in cabbage field were studied,so as to provide scientific basis for their production and application.[Method]The effects of different treatments[equal amount of water(CK),glyphosate(T1),acetochlor(T2),glyphosate+acetochlor(T3)]on soil nutrients and enzyme activities in cabbage field were investigated by field experiments.[Result]Organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,total potassium and available potassium with different treatments ranged from 45.34 to 46.25 g/kg,2.43 to 2.54 g/kg,0.28 to 0.29 g/kg,0.69 to 0.71 g/kg,21.34 to 25.75 mg/kg,3.10 to 3.25 g/kg and 0.10 to 0.14 g/kg,with T1,T1/CK,T3,T2/T3,CK,T3 and CK being the highest,and T2,T2,T1/T2/CK,T1/CK,T1,T1 and T1 being the lowest,respectively.Among them,organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and total potassium did not differ significantly among treatments,and available potassium in CK was significantly higher than in T1.Catalase,acid phosphatase,urease and sucrase were 2.84-2.92 mL/(g·24h),4.08-4.87 μg/(g·24 h),14.37-15.92 mg/(g·24 h),and 8.00-9.43 mg/(g·24 h),respectively,as T3,CK,CK and T1 were the highest,and T1,T2,T1 and CK were the lowest.Catalase in T3 was highly significant higher than T1,and acid phosphatase,urease and sucrase did not differ significantly among treatments.[Conclusion]The effects of three treatments on soil available phosphorus and available potassium content were more obvious,and the effects on soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium were relatively insignificant.The high-frequency use of herbicides should avoid during production,and the herbicides should be combined with agricultural,physical and chemical control measures to carry out integrated prevention and control.
[Objective]The effects of drought stress on the morphological and physiological characteristics of Lagerstroemia indica cultivars were studied,which provided reference for selecting drought-resistant L.indica cultivars.[Method]L.indica'Acoma',L.indica'Sarah's Favorite'and L.indica'Natchez'were treated by continuous drought stress and different gradient watering amounts drought stress(watering potted seedlings with 100％;watering potted seedlings with 75％,mild drought;watering potted seedlings with 50％,medium drought;watering potted seedlings with 25％,severe drought;watering potted seedlings with 0％,extreme drought),and then their resistance to drought were analyzed through determining the index variation in plant shape,daily water loss of potted seedlings,water content of leaves,survival rate after rehydration and chlorophyll fluorescence.[Result]In the continuous drought test,the morphological performance of plants showed as'Acoma'＞'Sarah's Favorite'＞'Natchez'.Average daily water loss of pot seedling/daily evaporation of water tray was'Acoma'＜'Sarah's Favorite'＜'Natchez'.The survival rates after rehydration of'Acoma'and'Sarah's Favorite'were 80％and that of'Natchez'was 60％.In the gradient drought test,the plant morphological score,leaf water content,Fm and Fv/Fm of cultivars decreased with the deepening of drought,and F0 increased.The change ranges were'Acoma'＜'Sarah's Favorite'＜'Natchez'.The OJIP curve of'Acoma'(treated with 0％water),'Sarah's Favorite'(treated with 0％and 25％water),'Natchez'(treated with 25％and 50％)appeared significant peak value(K-band)at 300 μs,indicating that drought caused damage to the oxygen-evolving complex(OEC)on the donor side of PSⅡ.According to membership function,the survival rate after rehydration,daily water loss of potted seedlings/daily evaporation of water tray,plant shape,water content in leaves,F0,Fm and Fv/Fm showed as'Acoma'(0.934)＞'Sarah's Favorite'(0.366)＞'Natchez'(0.116).[Conclusion]The drought resistance of the three cultivars is'Acoma'＞'Sarah's Favorite'＞'Natchez'.'Acoma'and'Sarah's Favorite'are suitable for application in water-saving gardens.
[目的]探明生物炭不同施用量对烤烟养分和土壤理化性质的影响,为生物炭的合理施用提供依据.[方法]采用长期定位施肥试验,以常规施用化肥为对照(CK),研究常规施用化肥+烟秆生物炭5 t/hm2和常规施用化肥+烟秆生物炭40 t/hm2对烤烟养分和土壤理化性质的影响.[结果]不同施肥处理的烤烟养分吸收特征和植烟土壤理化性质存在差异.与CK比,常规施用化肥+烟秆生物炭5 t/hm2处理有利于烟株对氮、磷、钾的积累,促进植烟各粒级土壤团聚体的合理分布,从而改善其理化性质.其中,常规施用化肥+烟秆生物炭5 t/hm2处理烤烟氮、磷、钾的积累量分别为30.89 mg/plot、469.11 mg/plot和582.85 mg/plot,分别较 CK 提高 4.16％、7.04％和 24.50％;[0,0.25)mm、[0.25,2)mm 和[2,+∞)mm 粒级的 土壤团聚体含量分别为50.91％、43.00％和6.09％;土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾分别为13.90％、4.00％和33.79％,均有不同程度增加;烤烟的氮、磷、钾与土壤团聚体及养分含量密切相关.[结论]烤烟生长以常规施用化肥+烟秆生物炭5 t/hm2最佳,可提高植烟土壤地力,改良土壤环境,促进烤烟养分的吸收积累.
[目的]探究骏枣叶片碳氮营养变化与成花的关系,为枣花期调控和提高枣花芽质量提供科学依据.[方法]对新疆阿拉尔市8年生骏枣不同花期阶段叶片中碳水化合物、含氮化合物、叶片叶绿素含量和枣吊干物质积累进行测定,分析成花与枣吊叶片碳氮营养和生长的关系.[结果]枣树成花进程中叶片各营养成分呈一定规律变化,初花期叶片碳水化合物和含氮化合物积累达到高峰,进入盛花期后总糖、淀粉、还原糖和蛋白质含量均明显下降;叶片中蔗糖仅在现蕾期有较大增长,盛花期下降不明显;氨基酸含量仅在盛花期有明显增长;初花期叶片C/N达峰值,进入盛花期后明显下降;叶绿素含量在未现蕾期至初花期快速升高,后期维持在较高水平;枣吊干重在进入初花期后快速增长,进入盛花期后单枝枣吊上叶片数基本不变,枣吊上叶片干重和枣吊长度增长变缓.[结论]枣吊叶片淀粉和蛋白质积累是枣成花的重要物质基础,盛花期枣吊叶片代谢旺盛,碳氮营养形态快速转变,并促进碳素营养向花器官运输.
[目的]探明山东地区农作物旱涝灾害时空分布特征与降水变化的关系,为建立健全气象灾害风险防范体系提供参考.[方法]利用1980-2020年山东省农作物的旱涝受灾、成灾面积资料和降水观测数据,分析主要农作物旱涝灾害面积的时空分布特征,研究农作物旱涝灾害发生特征与降水变化的关系.[结果]1980-2020年山东省农作物平均受灾和成灾面积分别占农作物总面积的25.34％和11.70％,旱灾对农作物的影响较大,占总灾害面积6成以上;旱涝灾害面积呈明显的年际和年代际波动,旱灾面积2003年之后显著减少.干旱灾害区域影响较大的农作物主要是小麦、玉米、棉花和果树,涝灾区域的主要农作物是花生、蔬菜和果树.山东省年降水量由东南向西北逐渐递减,全省多年平均降水量647.6 mm,夏季降水最多,占全年降水的62.1％.全省平均年降水量呈显著增加趋势,速率为28.1 mm/10a,降水偏少和偏多年与农作物旱涝灾害年份基本对应.[结论]山东中部、西部和山东半岛东北部区域,农作物干旱成灾面积与年降水相关系数超过-0.4,涝灾面积与年降水相关程度和显著相关区域范围均小于旱灾.
