Background and aim: In this study, we focused on the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms in MMR genes and the occurrence and development of HBV infection. Materials and methods: A total of 3,128 participants were divided into five groups: negative control group (NeC), spontaneous clearance group (SC), chronic hepatitis B group (CHB), liver cirrhosis group (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma group (HCC), CHB, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma constitute HLD. We conducted three case-control studies: NeC (840 cases) vs. HLD (1792 cases), SC (486 cases) vs. HLD (1792 cases) and CHB + LC (1,371 cases) vs. HCC (421 cases). 11 polymorphic loci in MLH1, MLH3, MSH5, PMS1 and PMS2 were involved in genotyping by Sequenom MassArray. The SNPStats performed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test. Linkage disequilibrium patterns were visualized using Haploview4.2. The GMDR (v0.9) was conducted to generalized multifactor dimension reduction analysis. The correlation, multiplicative interaction and additive interaction analyses were calculated by Logistic Regression through SPSS21.0. Matrix and programmed excel were also involved in the calculation of additive interaction. Results: In NeC vs. HLD group, MSH5-rs1150793(G) was a risk base to HBV susceptibility (nominal p = 0.002, OR = 1.346). We found multiplicative interaction between MLH1-rs1540354 (AA + AT) and PMS1-rs1233255 (AA) (nominal p = 0.024, OR = 1.240). There was additive interaction between PMS1-rs1233255 (AA) and PMS1-rs256554(CA + CC). In SC vs. HLD group, MLH1-rs1540354 (TT) was a risk genotype (nominal p < 0.05, OR>1). Through haplotype analysis, we found the linkage disequilibrium of three loci in MLH1. The results of GMDR showed the optimal five-locus model about the spontaneous clearance of HBV. In CHB + LC vs. HCC group, PMS2-rs12112229(A) was related to the cancerization of liver. Conclusion: We found rs1150793(G), rs1540354(T) and rs12112229(A) were significantly related to HBV susceptibility, spontaneous clearance of HBV and cancerization after infection, respectively.

Introduction and Objectives: The development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multi-step process that accumulates genetic and epigenetic alterations, including changes in circular RNA (circRNA). This study aimed to understand the alterations in circRNA expression in HCC development and metastasis and to explore the biological functions of circRNA. Materials and Methods: Ten pairs of adjacent chronic hepatitis tissues and HCC tissues from patients without venous metastases, and ten HCC tissues from patients with venous metastases were analyzed using human circRNA microarrays. Differentially expressed circRNAs were then validated by quantitative real-time PCR. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to assess the roles of the circRNA in HCC progression. RNA pull-down assay, mass spectrometry analysis, and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation were conducted to explore the protein partners of the circRNA. Results: CircRNA microarrays revealed that the expression patterns of circRNAs across the three groups were significantly different. Among these, hsa_circ_0098181 was validated to be lowly expressed and associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. Ectopic expression of hsa_circ_0098181 delayed HCC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0098181 sequestered eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) and dissociated eEF2 from filamentous actin (F-actin) to prevent F-actin formation, which blocked activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. In addition, the RNA binding protein Quaking-5 bound directly to hsa_circ_0098181 and induced its biogenesis. Conclusions: Our study reveals changes in circRNA expression from chronic hepatitis, primary HCC, to metastatic HCC. Further, the QKI5-hsa_circ_0098181-eEF2-Hippo signaling pathway exerts a regulatory role in HCC.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE:To assess the relationship between serum folate and schizophrenia (SZ) risk in the Chinese Han adult population in different papers, a systematic review and metaanalysis were conducted.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We searched for this meta-analysis on three English databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of science) and four Chinese databases (CNKI, SinoMed, Wanfang, and CQVIP) on March 27, 2021.INCLUSION CRITERIA:studies provided folate levels in serum of cases and controls as mean and standard deviation.EXCLUSION CRITERIA:subjects were not Chinese Han adult population. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Standard mean difference (SMD) was used to measure the difference between SZ patients and healthy controls. Subgroup analyses by measurement time, duration, and age were performed, respectively.RESULTS:This meta-analysis included 19 publications involving 1571 SZ cases and 1283 healthy controls. In total studies, the pooled result showed that SZ patients had decreased serum folate levels compared with healthy controls (SMD [95%CI] = -1.37[-1.83,-0.90], PSMD<0.001), and in most of the subgroups, the associations reached decreased significantly; while in the subgroup of drugs use, the association was not reached significantly.CONCLUSION:Dose-response analysis and subgroup analyses by gender were not performed due to the lack of data. Folate deficiency is associated with the patients, and antipsychotic drugs might have positive effects on improving serum folate levels in Chinese Han adult SZ.

HBV infection is recognized as a serious global health problem, and hepatitis B virus infection is a complicated chronic disease leading to liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). New biochemical serum markers could be used to advance the diagnosis and prognosis of HBV-associated liver diseases during the progression of chronic hepatitis B into cirrhosis and HCC. We determined whether the 4210 Da and 1866 Da polypeptides are serum metabolite biomarkers of hepatopathy with hepatitis B virus. A total of 570 subjects were divided into five groups: healthy controls, those with natural clearance, and patients with CHB, LC, and HCC. The 1866 Da and 4210 Da polypeptides were measured by Clin-ToF II MALDI-TOF–MS. There were significant differences in 4210 Da and 1866 Da levels among the five groups ( P < 0.001). For the differential diagnosis of CHB from normal liver, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 4210 Da and 1866 Da and their combination via logistic regression were 0.961, 0.849 and 0.967. For the differential diagnosis of LC from CHB, the areas under the ROC curve were 0.695, 0.841 and 0.826. For the differential diagnosis of HCC from CHB, the areas under the ROC curve were 0.744, 0.710 and 0.761, respectively. For the differential diagnosis of HCC from LC, the areas under the ROC curve of 4210 Da and 1866 Da were 0.580 and 0.654. The positive rate of 1866 Da was 45.5% and 69.0% in AFP-negative HCC patients and that of 4210 Da was 60.6% 58.6% in AFP-negative HCC patients of the study HCC vs. CHB and HCC vs. LC. The 4210 Da and 1866 Da polypeptide levels were positively correlated with HBV DNA levels ( P < 0.001, r = 0.269; P < 0.001, r = 0.285). The 4210 Da and 1866 Da polypeptides had good diagnostic value for the occurrence and progression of HBV-related chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and could serve to accurately guide treatment management and predict clinical outcomes.

在新中国成立前,由于多种原因,鼠疫、霍乱、血吸虫病、疟疾、黑热病、性病等不断暴发、流行,传染病是中国人民生命与健康的主要威胁之一,对人均期望寿命的影响高达70％ [1].新中国成立以后,党中央和人民政府高度重视传染病的防治工作,把传染病的防治作为一项重大的政治任务,采取了一系列行之有效的举措,通过70年的不懈努力,我国在传染病防治领域取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就.

Introduction: Previous studies indicate that the IL-33/ST2 pathway is involved in hepatitis B virus (HBV) -related liver diseases. This study aimed to determine the relationship between genetic variants in IL-33/ST2 pathway with susceptibility to liver cirrhosis. Materials and methods: A total of 2632 Han Chinese samples met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, including 840 negative controls (NeC), 691 chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 680 HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) and 421 HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (without LC) patients. Four polymorphisms (IL33-rs4742170, rs1048274, rs10975519 and IL1RL1-rs1041973) were selected and genotyping was performed. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS21.0, mainly using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test, Pearson chi-square, unconditional Logistic regression and haplotype analysis. Results: After adjusting for age, sex, smoking and drinking, significant associations were observed between IL33-rs4742170, rs1048274 and rs10975519 polymorphisms with LC risk. NeC with IL33-rs4742170 CC genotype was 1.80 times more likely to develop LC compared with TT genotype, while NeC with rs10975519(TC + CC) genotype was 1.32 times more likely to develop LC when compared with the TT genotype. CHB cases with rs4742170 (CC + TC) genotype had 1.30 times higher susceptibility to develop LC compared with the TT genotype. The IL33-rs1048274G allele occurred more frequently in the LC group compared with the HCC group in codominant model (AG/AA: P = 0.001, OR =1.66, 95%CI =1.22-2.25; GG/AA: P = 0.018, OR =1.54, 95% CI =1.08-2.20). The IL33 haplotype CG conformed by rs10975519C and rs1048274G was more frequent in the LC group than in the NeC group and CHB group. Moreover, the IL33 haplotype CCG conformed by rs4742170C, rs10975519C and rs1048274G was found to be more frequent in the LC group than the HCC group. However, there was no association between IL1RL1-rs1041973 and LC risk. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the association between genetic variants in IL33 with susceptibility to liver cirrhosis. IL33-rs4742170C, rs1048274G and rs10975519C could serve as biomarkers of LC.

Background: In China, there were about 9.76 million induced abortions in 2019, 50% of which were repeat abortions. Understanding the tendency of repeat induced abortion and identifying its related factors is needed to develop prevention strategies. Methods: Two hospital-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted from 2005–2007 and 2013–2016 in 24 and 90 hospitals, respectively. The survey included women who sought an induced abortion within 12 weeks of pregnancy. The proportion of repeat induced abortions by adjusting the covariates through propensity score matching was compared between the two surveys, and the zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was established to identify independent factors of repeat induced abortion. Results: Adjusting the age, occupation, education, marital status and number of children, the proportion of repeat induced abortions in the second survey was found to be low (60.28% vs. 11.11%), however the unadjusted proportion was high in the second survey (44.97% vs. 51.54%). The risk of repeat induced abortion was higher among married women and women with children [ORadj and 95% CI: 0.31 (0.20, 0.49) and 0.08 (0.05, 0.13)]; the risk among service industry staff was higher when compared with unemployed women [ORadj and 95% CI: 0.19 (0.07, 0.54)]; women with a lower education level were at a higher risk of a repeat induced abortion (ORadj < 1). Compared with women under the age of 20, women in other higher age groups had a higher frequency of repeat induced abortions (IRadj: 1.78, 2.55, 3.27, 4.01, and 3.93, separately); the frequency of women with lower education levels was higher than those with a university or higher education level (IRadj > 1); the repeat induced abortion frequency of married women was 0.93 (0.90, 0.98) when compared to the frequency of unmarried women, while the frequency of women with children was 1.17 (1.10, 1.25) of childless women; the induced abortion frequency of working women was about 60–95% with that of unemployed women. Conclusions: The repeat induced abortion proportion was lower than 10 years ago. Induced abortion seekers who were married, aged 20 to 30 years and with a lower education level were more likely to repeat induced abortions.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We hypothesized that germline variants in the major EMT regulatory genes (SNAIL1, ZEB1, ZEB2, TWIST1) may influence the development of HBV-related HCC. We included 421 cases of HBsAg-positive patients with HCC, 1371 cases of HBsAg-positive subjects without HCC [patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or liver cirrhosis (LC)] and 618 cases of healthy controls in the case-control study. Genotype, allele, and haplotype associations in the major EMT regulatory genes were tested. Environment-gene and gene-gene interactions were analysed using the non-parametric model-free multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. The SNAIL1rs4647958T>C was associated with a significantly increased risk of both HCC (CT+CC vs. TT: OR=1.559; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.073-2.264; P=0.020) and CHB+LC (CT+CC vs. TT: OR=1.509; 95% CI, 1.145-1.988; P=0.003). Carriers of the TWIST1rs2285681G>C (genotypes CT+CC) had an increased risk of HCC (CG+CC vs. GG: OR=1.407; 95% CI, 1.065-1.858; P=0.016). The ZEB2rs3806475T>C was associated with significantly increased risk of both HCC (P (recessive) =0.001) and CHB+LC (P (recessive)<0.001). The CG haplotype of the rs4647958/rs1543442 haplotype block was associated with significant differences between healthy subjects and HCC patients (P=0.0347). Meanwhile, the CT haplotype of the rs2285681/rs2285682 haplotype block was associated with significant differences between CHB+LC and HCC patients (P=0.0123). In MDR analysis, the combination of TWIST1rs2285681, ZEB2rs3806475, SNAIL1rs4647958 exhibited the most significant association with CHB+LC and Health control in the three-locus model. Our results suggest significant single-gene associations and environment-gene/gene-gene interactions of EMT-related genes with HBV-related HCC.

Oxidative stress is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and infectious diseases. We identified six critical genetic variants related to oxidative stress, and evaluated their main effects and their interaction effects on hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced liver diseases. We enrolled 3,128 Han Chinese subjects into five groups: healthy controls, chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and natural clearance. We then determined the genotypes in each group for CYBA-rs4673, NCF4-rs1883112, NOX4-rs1836882, rs3017887, SOD2-rs4880, and GCLM-rs41303970, and evaluated the association between these variants and HBV-induced liver diseases. Gene-gene interactions were evaluated using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction, logistic regression, and four-by-two tables. Significant associations were observed between healthy controls and the CIB group (CHB+LC+HCC). The CYBA-rs4673AG genotype was associated with a 1.356 rate of susceptibility of HBV-induced liver disease compared to the wild type GG genotype. The NCF4-rs1883112G allele occurred more frequently in healthy controls than in the CIB group in all three models (dominant, codominant, and recessive). Nox4-rs1836882 TC showed a protective association, being more frequent in healthy controls compared to the wild type TT genotype. GCLM-rs41303970A was associated with HBV-induced liver disease. The overall best model by multifactor dimensionality reduction was a five factor interaction model that had the highest cross validation consistency (10/10) and test accuracy (0.5669), P = 0.001. Oxidative stress-related gene polymorphisms are likely to be associated with HBV-induced liver disease, suggesting that information on these variations is useful for risk assessment of HBV-induced liver disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the disease burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases caused by hepatitis B in China, from 1990 to 2016, and to provide evidence for the development of related strategies. Methods: Data were collected from the results of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD2016). We analyzed the current epidemiological patterns by calculating the prevalence, mortality, and disability adjusted life year (DALY) of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases, caused by hepatitis B during 1990 and 2016 in China. Results: Compared with data from 1990, the number of patients and deaths with cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases caused by hepatitis B in 2016 increased by 79.6% and 2.4%, respectively. The prevalence increased by 49.2%, higher (50.3%) in males than that (42.3%) in females. Compared with other age groups, the increase (33.2%) of prevalence appeared the fastest, in the 15-49 age group. In males, the number of deaths and DALYs increased by 13.6% and 2.2%, respectively. In 2016, the five top provinces on age-standardized DALY rates, appeared as Qinghai (314.6 per 100 000), Guizhou (303.1 per 100 000), Yunnan (262.4 per 100 000), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (239.6 per 100 000) and Taiwan (227.2 per 100 000). Conclusions: From 1990 to 2016, the prevalence rates of hepatitis B related cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases showed an upward trend, particularly in males and in people aged 15 to 49 years old, in China. However, the disease burden of different provinces was unevenly distributed. Based on our findings, we suggested that strategies that related to prevention and management of hepatitis B caused cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases should be paid more attention to.

The General Office of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China has called for community health centers(stations), township hospitals, and village clinics and other primary care institutions throughout the country to strengthen the efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic at primary level General practitioners(GPs) in primary care play an irreplaceable role during fighting against COVID-19 However, they also encounter many difficulties To explore and address these difficulties, the Chinese Medical Doctor Association conducted an open-ended questionnaire survey among 41 GPs from 10 regions, and the results revealed: the difficulties encountered by GPs in combating COVID-19 are mainly lack of sufficient knowledge of public health and infectious diseases;the groups are most susceptible to COVID-19 are healthcare workers combating the pandemic, vulnerable groups at high risk of COVID-19, and those with poor consciousness of COVID-19 prevention;the learning of courses of public health, infectious diseases and epidemiology in the GPs training program should be strengthened In view of this, we put forward that the standardized general practice residency training program should highlight the aspects of dealing with public health emergencies, infectious disease prevention and treatment, and relevant health education as well as psychological counseling, to improve GPs' competencies Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese General Practice

Objective To estimate the burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases caused by specific etiologies in China.Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016(GBD 2016)were used.We evaluated the burden by analyzing age-sex-province-specific prevalence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs)of 33 provinces in China.Results From 1990 to 2016,prevalence cases in thousands increased by 73.7％from 6833.3(95％UI:6498.0-7180.6)to 11869.6(95％UI: 11274.6-12504.7).Age-standardized mortality and DALY rates per 100,000 decreased by 51.2％and 53.3％,respectively.Male and elderly people(aged ≥ 60 years)preponderance were found for prevalence,mortality,and DALYs.The number of prevalence cases,deaths,and DALYs due to hepatitis C virus(HCV)increased by 86.6％,8.7％,and 0.9％,respectively.Also,age-standardized prevalence rates decreased in 31 provinces,but increased in Yunnan and Shandong.The Socio-demographic Index(SDI)values were negatively correlated with age-standardized mortality and DALY rates by provinces in 2016; the correlation coefficients were-0.817 and-0.828,respectively.Conclusion Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases remain a huge health burden in China,with the increase of population and the aging of population.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)remains the leading cause of the health burden in China.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的了解河北省城镇中老年居民2型糖尿病患病现状及其影响因素,为开展糖尿病防控工作提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法于2011年9月—2014年5月在河北省石家庄、保定、沧州、承德、邯郸、衡水、廊坊、唐山、邢台、张家口10个地区随机抽取13个社区共12 932名≥45岁城镇中老年居民进行问卷调查、血压测量和实验室检测。结果河北省12 932名≥45岁中老年城镇居民中,患糖尿病者3 019例,糖尿病患病率为23.35%;多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥50岁、有糖尿病家族史、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、甘油三酯异常、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇异常和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇异常是河北省城镇中老年居民2型糖尿病患病的危险因素,文化程度初中及以上和体力劳动者是河北省城镇中老年居民2型糖尿病患病的保护因素。结论河北省城镇中老年居民2型糖尿病的患病率较高,年龄、文化程度、职业、有无糖尿病家族史、吸烟情况、饮酒情况及是否高血压、甘油三酯异常、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇异常和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇异常为该地区城镇中老年居民2型糖尿病患病的主要影响因素。</span>

Introduction: HBV and/or HCV infection is the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the molecular mechanisms by which HBV promotes HCC are not clear. In 2011, the result of a GWAS revealed a common variant of DEPDC5 affected HCC susceptibility in patient with chronic HCV infection in Japan. This study investigated the correlation between DEPDC5 polymorphism and HBV-related HCC. Materials and methods: 1289 samples of Han population were involved in northern China and peripheral blood samples were obtained, including 506 healthy controls, 217 Hepatitis B chronic (CHB) and 258 liver cirrhosis (LC), and 308 HBV-related HCC patients. SNPs in the DEPDC5 rs1012068 were detected by MALDI-TOF-MS. Results: After controlling for the influence of sex, smoking and drinking, this study showed a significant relationship between the polymorphism of DEPDC5 rs1012068 and HBV-related HCC. Healthy participants with CC genotype showed 2.008 (95% CI = 1.145, 3.520; P = 0.015) times more likely to develop HCC; CHB cases with CC genotype showed 2.241 (95% CI = 1.226, 4.461; P = 0.022) times more likely to develop HCC; LC cases with CC genotype showed 2.706 (95% CI = 1.371, 5.340; P = 0.004) times more likely to develop HCC; and individuals with AC genotype showed 1.615 (95% CI = 1.110, 2.352; P = 0.012) times more likely to develop HCC. Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between DEPDC5 rs1012068A/C and HBVrelated HCC in the Han Chinese population. A to C mutation increased the risk of the developing of HBV-related HCC. (C) 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

目的 了解河北省社区中老年人群糖调节受损(IGR)情况及其影响因素,为加强糖尿病防控提供依据.方法于2011年9月—2014年5月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法在河北省石家庄市、 保定市、 沧州市、 承德市、 邯郸市、 衡水市、 廊坊市、 唐山市、 邢台市和张家口市10个城市中随机抽取13个社区,在抽中的社区中随机抽取家庭户,通过KISH法每户抽取1名45岁以上常住居民进行问卷调查、 体格检查和实验室检测.采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析该人群IGR的影响因素.结果共纳入11534名社区中老年人,其中男性4956人,占42.97％;女性6578人,占57.03％;年龄为45～82岁,平均59.21岁.IGR患病1621例,患病率为14.05％;其中空腹血糖受损499例,患病率为4.33％;糖耐量异常1122例,患病率为9.73％.多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,60～82岁(OR:1.053～1.302)、有糖尿病家族史(OR=1.345,95％CI:1.165～1.552)、 有工作压力(OR=1.158,95％CI:1.053～1.273)、 高血压(OR=1.470,95％CI:1.306～1.654)、 三酰甘油异常(OR=2.384,95％CI:1.565～3.630)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇异常(OR=1.191,95％CI:1.058～1.340)是IGR患病的危险因素;受教育年限长(OR:0.845～0.894)、 从事体力工作(OR=0.749,95％CI:0.645～0.870)是IGR患病的保护因素.结论高龄、 受教育年限少、 从事非体力工作、 高血压、 有糖尿病家族史、 三酰甘油异常和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇异常是社区中老年人群患IGR的危险因素.

Objective: To explore the SNP effects of patatin-like phospholipase domain which containing 3 (PNPLA3), transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) gene, environmental effects of smoking, alcohol drinking and interaction between gene-gene, gene-environment and drinking-smoking on hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC). Methods: We collected anticoagulant peripheral blood from patients of HBV-HCC, chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC) and from healthy controls to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene loci rs738409 and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) gene loci rs58542926, using the flight mass spectrometry method. The optimal assignment value of gene polymorphisms was defined by using the online SNP stats. Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) balance was tested for SNP. Effects of the genetic and environmental factors to HBV-HCC were analyzed by using the multiple classification logistic regression method. The gene-gene, gene-smoking and alcohol drinking interaction effects were investigated by Fork-Life analysis and binary logistic regression methods. Results: The frequency distribution of CHB group rs738409 loci seemed not in conformity with the H-W balance (χ(2)=11.980, P<0.005). Two loci frequency distributions in the other groups were all in accordandce with the H-W balance. After adjusting for influences on age and sex and comparing to the healthy group, the rs58542926 mutation appeared as OR=1.659, 95%CI: 1.026-2.684, P=0.039, in the HBV-HCC group. When comparing to CHB group, the HBV-HCC group presented that drinking as OR=1.680, 95%CI: 1.121-2.519, P=0.012. When comparing to the LC group, the ORs of drinking and smoking were 1.539 (1.071-2.213) and 1.453 (1.005-2.099) respectively, in the HBV-HCC group. When comparing to the CHB+LC group, interactions between the HBV-HCC group were found rs738409 and rs58542926 on additive model OR=1.548 (U=1.885, P=0.029) and OR=1.658 (P=0.024) on logistic regression model while drinking was rs738409 on interaction additive model with OR=1.811(U=1.965, P=0.024). As for drinking and mutation of rs738409, the multiplication model of logistic regression showed no statistically significant differences. Interaction between smoking and drinking appeared as OR=1.756 (P<0.001) in the logistics regression multiplication model. Conclusions: Factors as mutation of TM6SF2, smoking and drinking all appeared as risk factors for HBV-HCC. Mutations of both PNPLA3 and TM6SF2, together with smoking and drinking all served as risk factors for HBV-HCC. However, the mutation of single PNPLA3 appeared as a protective factor on HBV-HCC.

目的 观察恩替卡韦联合软肝化坚颗粒治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的临床疗效.方法 将65例慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化患者分为观察组和对照组,观察组患者采用恩替卡韦与软肝化坚颗粒联合治疗,对照组患者单纯给予恩替卡韦治疗,疗程均为6个月.观察两组患者治疗前后肝功能、血清肝纤维化标志物及肝脾影像学变化.结果 治疗后,两组患者肝功能和血清肝纤维化指标均较治疗前下降,其中观察组血清碱性磷酸酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶和层粘连蛋白水平低于对照组,且差异均具有统计学意义(均有P ＜0.05);两组肝纤维化改善的显效率分别为30.77％和7.69％,观察组优于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(Z=-2.327,P＜0.05);但肝脾影像学参数包括门静脉直径,脾脏长度和脾脏厚度,在两组间差异均无统计学意义(均有P＞0.05).结论 恩替卡韦与软肝化坚颗粒联合治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化具有良好效果.

目的 了解河北省2014-2016年侵袭性肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumonia,Sp)的血清型以及多位点序列分型(Multilocus sequence type,MLST)分布.方法 收集河北省自2014-2016年从14岁以下Sp疾病儿童中分离的侵袭性Sp菌株,应用聚合酶链式反应进行血清型鉴定和MLST测序分型.结果 共分离到88株侵袭性Sp,主要血清型为19F(17株,9.3％)、14(16株,18.2％)、6A/6B(10株,11.4％)、19A(9株,10.2％)、20(6株,6.8％)、1(5株,5.7％)和23F(5株,5.7％),这7种血清型共占77.3％;其余血清型包括6C/6D(4株)、12F/12A/44/46(3株)、3(2株)、5(2株)、7F/7A(1株)、9V/9A(1株),共占14.8％;7株(7.9％)未能分血清型.在所有侵袭性Sp中检出38种序列分型(ST),主要为ST-271(11株,12.5％)、ST-320(8株,9.1％)、ST-876(5株,5.7％)、ST-2248(5株,5.7％)、ST-2296(5株,5.7％).结论 河北省2014-2016年侵袭性Sp血清型以19F、14、6A/6B、19A为主;ST以ST-271、ST-320为主.