ObjectiveTo identify global research hotspots and trends in Field Epidemiology Training Programs (FETP) and provide insights for FETP in China. MethodsLiterature published between January 1999 and September 2025, affiliated with or funded by FETP, was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. A bibliometric analysis was conducted in CiteSpace to examine the publication volume, country/region distribution, authors, keywords, and citation patterns. ResultsA total of 1 388 relevant publications were included, and the annual publications showed an overall increasing trend and peaked in 2024 (n = 130). Sweden (30.7%, 426/1 388), the United States (21.8%, 303/1 388), and the United Kingdom (15.4%, 214/1 388) were the primary contributors. A global collaboration network was formed, centered around the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. Within author collaboration networks, only Canadian FETP scholars formed a core cluster, indicating limited international collaboration. Keyword analysis revealed that FETP research hotspots focused on infectious disease epidemiology, outbreak investigation, and vaccine effectiveness evaluation. The evolutionary trend shifted from early infectious disease investigation (2010–2014) to transmission mechanisms and emergency response (2014–2019), with recent research focusing on public health system strengthening, vaccine effectiveness, and antimicrobial resistance (2019–2025). Co-citation analysis identified core journals, including Emerging Infectious Diseases (473 citations), The Lancet (464 citations), and PLoS One (450 citations). Highly cited publications primarily addressed emerging infectious disease responses and vaccine effectiveness evaluation. ConclusionsFETP research has expanded from disease investigation to global public health capacity building. Future efforts should be made to strengthen international collaboration, integrate advanced technologies, and enhance training frameworks comprehensively.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by enterovirus infections in children, and it is one of the major public health issues in China. Globally, only China has introduced monovalent inactivated vaccines against HFMD, and ideal animal models can accelerate the vaccine research and development. This article reviews recent research progress in animal models of enterovirus-associated HFMD after 2000. It discusses the advantages and limitations of each animal model and provides suggestions for the construction of animal models of enterovirus-associated HFMD, as well as the development of HFMD vaccines in China.
Objective To analyze healthcare accessibility and patient-load pressure of fever clinics(sentinel clinics)in Shanghai and optimize the spatial layout.Methods Data on the daily maximum number of patient visits were collected from medical institutions operating fever clinics(sentinel clinics)in Shanghai.Thiessen polygon and buffer zone analysis methods were adopted to assess supply-demand ratios and healthcare accessibility of fever clinics(sentinel clinics)in Shanghai.Results In 2024,patient visits to fever clinics(sentinel clinics)in Shanghai exhibited a seasonal pattern with higher volumes during winter and spring and lower volumes in summer and autumn.The 349 fever clinics(sentinel clinics)presented a spatial distribution pattern of being dense in the urban area and sparse in the suburban area.Seven townships experienced extreme pressure,and Xinchang town in Pudong new area had the lowest supply-demand ratio(<1:100 000),with no suitable locations available nearby for building new fever clinics.Fourteen peripheral townships exhibited moderate pressure(supply-demand ratio<1:10 000)and possessed suitable conditions for new fever clinics(sentinel clinics).Conclusions The overall spatial distribution of fever clinics(sentinel clinics)in Shanghai is generally appropriate and adequately serves the needs of patients with fever.Nevertheless,an imbalanced distribution between urban and suburban areas remains,alongside the co-occurrence of resource strain and idleness.Measures such as redirecting patients to underutilized nearby fever clinics(sentinel clinics),establishing new fever clinics(sentinel clinics)in townships where conditions permit,adding more consultation rooms in areas where new construction is not feasible can alleviate the patient visit pressure for individuals with fever.
Objective To investigate the cognition and participation status of medical staff in medical alliance construction and explore the influencing factors of their participation,thus providing evidence for further promoting the construction of medical alliances.Methods From June to September 2024,a total of 400 medical staff members with working experience of no less than 5 years were recruited from a large grade A tertiary hospital in Fujian province by the convenience sampling method.An online questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze their cognition and participation in medical alliance construction.A multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the influencing factors of medical staff's participation in medical alliance construction.Results Among the finally included 381 medical staff members,353(92.65%)believed that the hospital's medical alliance construction in recent years had achieved remarkable results;361(94.75%)held that it was necessary to dispatch management cadres to medical alliance institutions;357(93.70%)considered it necessary to assign technical and academic directors to medical alliance institutions;306(80.31%)reported that heavy clinical workload left them with little spare energy to carry out medical alliance-related work;254(66.67%)regarded the non-interconnection of information systems as the primary difficulty in two-way referral;and only 180(47.24%)had participated in medical alliance construction.Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that medical staff with intermediate and above professional titles,those working in departments that regularly carried out medical alliance work,and those in departments with established expert workstations had a higher participation level in medical alliance construction.Conclusions Medical staff have a high recognition degree of medical alliance construction,while their overall participation remains to be improved.Professional title of intermediate level or above,regular development of medical alliance work in departments,and the establishment of expert workstations are key factors facilitating medical staff's participation.Heavy routine workload,insufficient information system support,and imperfect system construction are the main obstacles restricting their participation in medical alliance construction.
Objective To establish a core element framework for preventive medicine talent cultivation programs under the New Medical Science initiative and evaluate the current status of training programs in local comprehensive universities, thereby providing references for talent training reforms. Methods From June 2024 to August 2025, thirteen policy documents and academic publications on preventive medicine education were systematically reviewed. Content analysis and NVivo 10 software were employed to codify core elements. Training programs from 20 local comprehensive universities (2024) were collected, with core element alignment analyzed via Excel. Results Among local comprehensive universities, the curriculum coverage rates for interdisciplinary integration, emerging technology applications, and global health perspectives were 45%, 35%, and 30%, respectively, indicating insufficient coverage in advanced fields. Practical teaching openness and innovation/entrepreneurship practice coverage stood at 40% and 50%, respectively, highlighting a need for enhanced innovation. Dual-qualified teachers and interdisciplinary faculty accounted for 35% and 30%, respectively, revealing a relative lack of composite faculty. Conclusions There is a gap between the preventive medicine education in local comprehensive universities and the requirements of New Medical Science in terms of curriculum advancement, practical innovation, and faculty structure. Reforms should prioritize curriculum optimization, teaching model innovation, and composite faculty development.
Objective To analyze the trends of mortality and disease burden of accidental poisoning among young and middle-aged adults (aged 20 to < 60 years) in Chongqing, thus providing suggestions for poisoning prevention and control in this population. Methods Death cases of accidental poisoning from 2012 to 2024 were obtained from the Chongqing Resident Death Surveillance System. SPSS 25.0 and Excel 2010 were used to calculate indicators including the mortality, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), age-specific mortality, rate of years of life lost (YLL), and average years of life lost (AYLL). Chi-square test was conducted to compare the mortality between different genders and regions. Joinpoint regression was employed to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC) for the trends of the rates. Results In Chongqing, the mortality and ASMR of accidental poisoning among young and middle-aged adults decreased from 3.55/100 000 and 3.41/100 000 in 2012 to 1.30/100 000 and 1.18/100 000 in 2024, with the AAPCs of −8.34% and −9.13%, respectively (both P < 0.05). The mortality of accidental poisoning in males was consistently higher than that in females (all P < 0.05). The mortality and ASMR of accidental poisoning decreased by 7.45% and 8.11% annually in males and by 10.79% and 11.66% annually in females, respectively (all P < 0.05). The mortality of accidental poisoning in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas (all P < 0.05). The mortality and ASMR of accidental poisoning decreased by 11.58% and 11.41% annually in urban areas and by 7.23% and 8.19% annually in rural areas, respectively (all P < 0.05). The rate of YLL and AYLL of accidental poisoning among young and middle-aged adults in Chongqing decreased from 1.61‰ and 45.29 years in 2012 to 0.57‰ and 44.34 years in 2024, with the AAPCs of −8.69% and −0.30%, respectively (both P < 0.05). The top four causes of death due to accidental poisoning were pesticide poisoning, alcohol poisoning, drug poisoning, and organic solvent/gas poisoning in 2012. And in 2024, they were organic solvent/gas poisoning, alcohol poisoning, pesticide poisoning, and drug poisoning. From 2012 to 2024, the proportions of pesticide poisoning and drug poisoning decreased annually by 11.05% and 4.64%, while those of organic solvent/gas poisoning and alcohol poisoning increased annually by 12.78% and 2.26%, respectively (all P < 0.05). Conclusions The mortality and disease burden of accidental poisoning among young and middle-aged adults in Chongqing show a downward trend. Males and rural residents are the key populations at risk of death due to accidental poisoning. Organic solvent/gas poisoning and alcohol poisoning are the main causes of death. Targeted interventions should be implemented for key populations and different causes of accidental poisoning.
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Guangdong province, 2020, providing a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies. MethodsData on the incidence and mortality of NPC in the cancer registration areas of Guangdong province were collected from the cancer registration and follow-up system and death registration system. The incidence and mortality rates, China age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, world age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, and age-specific incidence and mortality rates were calculated to describe the epidemiological characteristics of NPC in Guangdong from January 1 to December 31, 2020. Indicators such as disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of life lost (YLL), and years of life lived with disability (YLD) were adopted to evaluate the disease burden of NPC. ResultsIn 2020, the incidence rate, China age-standardized incidence rate, and world age-standardized incidence rate of NPC in cancer registration areas of Guangdong province were 11.52/100 000, 9.70/100 000, and 8.87/100 000, respectively. The mortality rate, China age-standardized mortality rate, and world age-standardized mortality rate were 6.01/100 000, 4.35/100 000, and 4.24/100 000, respectively. The incidence and mortality rates, as well as the age-standardized rates (both China and world) of NPC were higher in males than in females. The incidence rate of NPC was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. However, the China age-standardized incidence rate, world age-standardized incidence rate, mortality rate, Chinese age-standardized mortality rate, and world age-standardized mortality rate were lower in urban areas than in rural areas. The incidence and mortality rates of NPC in cancer registration areas of Guangdong province first increased and then decreased with the increase in age. The incidence and mortality rates significantly increased after the ages of 30 and 35, respectively. The highest incidence and mortality rates for males were observed at ages 60–64 (44.05/100 000) and 70–74 (38.24/100 000), respectively. For females, the peak incidence rate was observed at ages 50–54 (12.70/100 000), while the peak mortality rate was observed at ages 70–74 (12.72/100 000). In urban areas, the incidence and mortality rates peaked at ages 60–64 (28.51/100 000) and 70–74 (26.49/100 000), respectively. In rural areas, the highest incidence rate was observed at ages 55–59 (27.66/100 000), and the peak mortality rate was observed at ages 75–79 (24.64/100 000). In 2020, the DALY for NPC in Guangdong was 195 388.20 person-years, with YLL accounting for 96.52% (188 596.89 person-years). The DALY rate was higher in males (296.91/100 000) than in females (88.27/100 000) and higher in rural areas (206.71/100 000) than in urban areas (184.02/100 000). The DALY rate first increased and then declined with the increase in age. The male DALY rate peaked in the 65–69 age group (961.31/100 000), whereas the female DALY rate peaked in the 70–74 age group (277.00/100 000). ConclusionsThe incidence rate, mortality rate, and disease burden of NPC were high in Guangdong province, 2020, showing an initial increase followed by a decline with the increase in age. Males and rural residents should be the key target populations for NPC prevention and control in this region.
Objective To understand the current status of epidemiological investigation capabilities among professional technical personnel in district-level centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) of Guangzhou, and to explore the influencing factors. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among professional technical personnel from district-level CDCs in Guangzhou via online questionnaires. The questionnaire contents included the basic demographics, epidemiological investigation capabilities, and comprehensive personal competencies of the participants. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted to study the basic characteristics of the participants, and multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to explore the influencing factors of their epidemiological investigation capabilities and comprehensive personal competencies. ResultsA total of 335 participants of professional technical personnel from district-level CDCs were included. The proportions were high for females (60.60%), those aged 30–40 (42.99%), those with a undergraduate degree (61.49%), those majoring in preventive medicine (80.89%), those with primary professional titles (42.39%), and those with < 5 years of work hours in infectious disease-related departments (63.88%). The epidemiological investigation capability assessment showed that the analytical and reporting ability had the lowest score [(2.74 ± 1.00) points], while the organizational preparation ability had the highest score [(3.10 ± 0.99) points]. For comprehensive personal competency assessment, public speaking ability had the lowest score [(2.92 ± 0.86) points], and teamwork ability had the highest score [(3.72 ± 0.74) points]. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that epidemiological investigation capabilities were associated with gender (β = –0.41), educational background (β = 0.29), major (β = –0.40), professional title (β = 0.21), and work experience in infectious disease-related departments (β = 0.23) (all P<0.05). Comprehensive personal competencies were associated with gender (β = –0.22), educational background (β = 0.27), major (β = –0.12), and professional title (β = 0.12) (all P < 0.05). ConclusionsThe analytical and reporting capability of professional technical personnel in district-level CDCs of Guangzhou needs to be strengthened. Establishing academic upgrading and continuing education platforms, along with strengthening practical training in infectious disease-related departments, can improve the epidemiological investigation capabilities and comprehensive professional literacy of personnel in primary-level CDCs.
ObjectiveTo construct an evaluation index system for the Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) that adapts to the "learning while doing" training model and has a long training cycle, thereby providing a measurement tool for targeted training implementation and improvement of training effectiveness. MethodsA preliminary quality evaluation index system for the FETP was established through literature review with the Kirkpatrick model and CIPP model as theoretical frameworks. Two rounds of Delphi expert consultation were conducted among 43 experts engaged in relevant fields. Indexes were screened based on scores for rationality, importance, and operability, and the weight of each index was calculated. ResultsThe expert positive coefficient (100.00% vs. 93.02%) and expert authority coefficient (0.886 vs. 0.849) in the second round were higher than those in the first round. The concordance coefficients of rationality, importance, and operability of expert opinions were 0.118, 0.127, and 0.089 in the first round (P < 0.05) and 0.179, 0.189, and 0.163 in the second round (P < 0.01), respectively, indicating good concordance of expert opinions. After screening, the final index system for evaluation of FETP quality consisted of 3 first-level indexes, 8 second-level indexes, and 50 third-level indexes. The coefficients of variation (CV) of the third-level indexes for rationality, importance, and operability were 0.07–0.22, 0.06–0.22, and 0.09–0.20, respectively. The normalized weights of the first-level, second-level, and third-level indexes were within the ranges of 0.319–0.351, 0.101–0.151, and 0.009–0.026, respectively. ConclusionsThe constructed index system for the FETP quality evaluation demonstrates good scientificity and reliability. While balancing training process management and effectiveness evaluation, the system comprehensively considers the importance of training needs, providing measurement contents and quantitative basis for the quality assessment of program implementation.
Objective To understand the competitive risks of survival outcomes among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in Zhejiang province,thereby providing evidence-based reference for formulating management and intervention programs for this population.Methods Incidence cases of COPD from January 1,2014 to December 31,2023 were collected from the COPD Surveillance Database of Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and death data from January 1,2014 to December 31,2024 were collected from the Death Surveillance Database.Death outcomes were matched for COPD patients.With death from respiratory diseases as the target event and malignant tumors,cerebrovascular diseases,heart disease,and other diseases as competing events,sex-and age-specific competing risk analyses were performed based on the time and underlying cause of death.Results Among the 824 536 new COPD cases in Zhejiang province from 2014 to 2023,death outcome was observed in 211 586 cases.The 1-year,5-year,and 10-year mortality probabilities were 0.089,0.258,and 0.425,respectively.Respiratory diseases remained the primary risk of death(10-year cumulative risk:0.150),followed by malignant tumors(10-year cumulative risk:0.115,with lung cancer at 0.063 and other malignant tumors at 0.052).Cerebrovascular diseases had the lowest risk of death(10-year cumulative risk:0.051).Stratified analysis showed that for male COPD patients,the malignant tumors had the highest cumulative risk within 3 years(3-year cumulative risk:0.063),and respiratory diseases became the factor with the highest cumulative risk after 3 years(10-year cumulative risk:0.162).For female patients,respiratory diseases consistently posed the highest cumulative risk(10-year cumulative risk:0.120).For patients aged<65 years,the risk of malignant tumors was the highest(10-year cumulative risk:0.050);for those aged≥65 years,the risk of respiratory diseases was the highest(10-year cumulative risk:0.206).Other factors demonstrated similar risks,which were much lower than that of respiratory diseases.Conclusions COPD patients face complex mortality patterns,and their competitive risks show significant age and sex differences.This highlights the importance of developing personalized and multidisciplinary integrated intervention strategies for different patient subgroups to effectively improve the prognosis of COPD patients.
Objective To predict the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)incidence in the elderly population based on a risk assessment model,thereby providing evidence for implementing risk factor interventions among high-risk older adults to delay or prevent the onset of ASCVD.Methods A random cluster sampling method was employed to select 47 community health service centers in Shenzhen.All older adults(aged≥65 years)who received the health management services of the National Essential Public Health Services Program from January 1,2018 to December 31,2022 were included as participants.General information and physical examination results were collected.The China-PAR risk assessment model was used to calculate the 10-year risk scores and stratify the risk levels of ASCVD among the older adults.Results This study included a total of 94 362 older adults(aged≥65 years)from 2018 to 2022,comprising 41 552 males(44.03%)and 52 810 females(55.97%),with a mean age of(72.40±5.42)years.Within the cohort,14.68%were affected by diabetes,34.59%by hypertension,and 8.11%by a combination of both diseases.The median 10-year ASCVD risk for the entire population during 2018-2022 was 11.46%,with females exhibiting a lower overall risk than males(9.57%vs.13.50%).The median 10-year ASCVD risk exhibited an overall increasing trend among the older adults in Shenzhen from 2018 to 2022,with values of 11.20%in 2018,11.40%in 2019,11.55%in 2020,11.51%in 2021,and 11.46%in 2022.Differences in ASCVD risk were identified across sex(χ2=256.081),district(χ2=258.537),and hypertension/diabetes status(χ2=668.698)(all P<0.001).Risk stratification revealed that low-and intermediate-risk individuals had higher proportions(1.30%and 37.36%,respectively)in 2018 and high-risk individuals had a higher proportion(64.61%)in 2020.Females predominated in the low-(95.40%)and intermediate-risk(86.04%)groups,whereas males constituted a majority(61.32%)in the high-risk group.High-risk individuals were the most prevalent across all chronic disease statuses.Geographical analysis showed that Longhua had the highest prevalence of low-risk individuals(22.18%),while Longgang led the moderate-risk group(23.69%).High-risk elderly individuals were primarily distributed across Longgang(25.59%)and Longhua(21.54%).Conclusions The 10-year ASCVD risk among the older adults in Shenzhen showed an increasing trend from 2018 to 2022.Essential public health services should strengthen the early identification of ASCVD risk factors and implement timely,risk-based stratified management,particularly targeting elderly males with chronic conditions or comorbidities.
ObjectiveTo assess the satisfaction of trainees with the 2024 large-scale online learning program within China's disease control and prevention system (CDC system), thus providing reference data for optimizing talent development within the CDC system. MethodsData of satisfaction surveys were collected from 44 333 trainees across all levels of CDC institutions and related organizations nationwide who participated in the online training program from November 7 to December 15, 2024, via the National CDC Integrated Management Platform. The analysis focused on the drivers of participation, satisfaction with the training program, perceptions of learning outcomes and knowledge application, as well as the strengths of the learning platform and barriers affecting participation. ResultsAmong the 44 333 trainees participating in the CDC system's online learning program, 69.2% were motivated by enhancing their professional skills and competencies. Trainee satisfaction rates for course module design and recording, instructors, course contents, targeted thematic design, and course duration were 87.9%, 92.2%, 90.8%, 90.2%, and 84.7%, respectively. Among the trainees, 97.4% believed the online learning enhanced their understanding of professional knowledge and broadened their knowledge base, while 92.0% indicated the knowledge and skills acquired could be easily applied to their actual work. The primary strength of the CDC system's large-scale online learning platform was its abundant resources, whereas the lack of practical activities and opportunities for interaction constituted the main barriers affecting participant engagement. ConclusionsTrainees demonstrate high satisfaction with the CDC system's large-scale online learning program. The initiative achieved broad coverage of high-quality resources, though improvements are needed in course duration scheduling and teaching interactivity.
Infectious diseases have been spreading rapidly across the globe, posing serious impacts on human health and the global economy. At present, the long-term use of antiviral drugs is accompanied by issues such as drug resistance and adverse reactions. Therefore, developing novel antiviral agents is particularly important. Selenium is an essential trace element for humans and animals. Individuals or animals with low selenium levels are more susceptible to viruses, which can lead to more severe illnesses. In the prevention and treatment of viral infections, selenium exerts antioxidant activity, regulates the immune system, protects the stability of endothelial cells, and participates in the regulation of signaling pathways. The correlation between selenium and infectious diseases has attracted considerable attention. This article reviews the antiviral mechanisms of selenium, new antiviral targets of selenium, and the current methods of selenium supplementation, aiming to provide new ideas and medication approaches for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases.
Objective To explore the association between erectile dysfunction(ED)and risk of coronary heart disease(CHD),thus providing a theoretical basis for identifying the potential clinical value of ED in CHD risk prediction.Methods The English-language cohort studies on the association between ED and CHD published worldwide were systematically retrieved from PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus,and Embase,supplemented by reference tracing,with the time interval from database inception to September 11,2025.A meta-analysis of the included studies was performed in Stata 18.0.Results Finally,7 cohort studies involving 14 397 participants with 1 395 incident cases of CHD were included.Meta-analysis showed that individuals with ED had a CHD risk 1.41 fold(RR=1.41,95%CI:1.28-1.56)of that among those without ED.Subgroup analyses revealed that ED was associated with an increased risk of CHD across subgroups stratified by age(≤70 years vs.>70 years),follow-up duration(≤5 years vs.>5 years),and ED diagnostic criteria(5-item International Index of Erectile Function[IIEF-5]vs.self-reported ED),with all P-values<0.05.Sensitivity analyses and tests for publication bias indicated no significant publication bias among the included studies,and the overall results were robust and stable.Conclusions ED may be associated with an elevated risk of CHD.
Against the backdrop of the continuous strengthening of public health system capacity, continuing education has become a critical pathway for enhancing the job competence and systemic response capacity of the public health workforce. However, its training models and operational mechanisms require further examination and optimization through cross-sectoral comparison. From the perspective of cross-industry transferability of continuing education experience, this study selected the sports, other service, and agricultural sectors as representative reference industries, and systematically reviewed their continuing education practices in terms of training models, instructional implementation, supporting elements, target groups, and outcome transformation. Based on an integrated analysis of literature from Chinese and international databases (CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, and PubMed) published during January 2018 and August 2025, together with policy documents and industry practice materials, a multi-industry continuing education ecological matrix was constructed using structured case analysis and isomorphic dimensional comparison. The analysis reveals that, despite contextual differences, the three fields share several common operational logics in continuing education, including job-oriented stratified and classified training structures, multi-actor collaborative governance, technology-enabled and flexible learning arrangements, and mechanisms linking learning to practical application. Drawing on this cross-industry evidence, the study further argues that the application of these experiences to public health continuing education should not rely on the direct replication of specific practices, but rather on institutional adaptation in key areas such as the development of stratified training systems, the operation of collaborative training platforms, the integration of digital technologies with practice-based training, and the alignment of learning evaluation with career development.
Objective To strengthen the biosafety management of pathogen microbiology laboratories,understand the current management status of biosafety laboratories in various institutions,analyze existing issues,and explore solutions.Methods Using the registration system,we obtained the registration data of pathogen microbiology laboratories in Hangzhou as of the end of May 2023.From June to September 2023,we randomly selected 221 entities responsible for establishing pathogen microbiology laboratories in Hangzhou and their 636 successfully registered subordinate laboratories.On-site evaluation of pathogen microbiology laboratories in Hangzhou was conducted in accordance with the Specification for the Evaluation of Biosafety Laboratory Management and the on-site evaluation results regarding laboratory infection risks were analyzed.Results The overall compliance rate with biosafety requirements among the inspected institutions in Hangzhou was 95.22%.There were differences in overall compliance rate among various types of institutions(χ2=431.816,P<0.001).The laboratories from different institutions showed differences in compliance rates(P<0.05)in organizational management,laboratory facilities/equipment,personnel management,management of strains/samples,management of laboratory waste,housekeeping management,and fire safety management.No difference was observed in the compliance rates for routine management evaluation indicators(P>0.05).Conclusions The laboratories in medical institutions of the county level and above and independent testing institutions in Hangzhou demonstrate good biosafety management status,whereas the management status of laboratories in private medical institutions,biotechnology enterprises,and township health centers needs improvement.
Objective To evaluate the vaccine effectiveness(VE)of the adsorbed acellular diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis(DTaP)vaccine in infants and young children aged 2 years and under in Gansu province,thereby providing evidence for optimizing the immunization strategies for pertussis in underdeveloped western regions of China.Methods A retrospective cohort was established,including 176 688 resident children born in Gansu province from January 1 to December 31,2023.The Poisson regression model was adopted to calculate the relative risk(RR)for evaluating the VE of 1-4 doses of DTaP vaccine against pertussis and pertussis-related hospitalization,after adjusting for factors such as region and sex.Results The coverage rates of the 1st to 4th doses of DTaP vaccine among infants and young children aged 2 years and under in Gansu province were 92.88%,91.15%,89.22%,and 41.96%,respectively.The VE of the 1st to 4th doses against pertussis was 43.67%(95%CI:39.60%-55.21%),71.30%(95%CI:50.13%-79.96%),90.91%(95%CI:88.82%-92.68%),and 99.20%(95%CI:77.91%-99.80%),respectively.The VE of the 1st to 4th doses against pertussis-related hospitalization was 56.14%(95%CI:18.13%-77.80%),63.90%(95%CI:22.71%-85.46%),73.02%(95%CI:58.10%-82.34%),and 94.40%(95%CI:64.32%-98.70%),respectively.Conclusions The DTaP vaccine provides significant protection against pertussis and pertussis-related hospitalization in infants and young children aged 2 years and under in Gansu province in a dose-dependent manner.Efforts should focus on improving the timeliness of primary immunization and the coverage of booster doses.
As the digital transformation of public health accelerates and the demand for emergency response surges, preventive medicine education urgently needs to integrate technological innovation in response to global health challenges. This paper proposes leveraging wireless body area network (WBAN) technology to innovate the teaching mode of preventive medicine (focusing on intelligence and emergency response), provides an in-depth argument for its pedagogical suitability, and, drawing on teaching cases, systematically designs an instructional application plan. The plan covers implementation pathways, key issues and countermeasures, expected outcomes, and evaluation mechanisms, with the aim of enhancing students’ capabilities in applying intelligent technologies and responding to emergencies, thereby offering an innovative pathway for cultivating top-notch interdisciplinary talents in public health.
Cardiovascular metabolic diseases(CMDs)have become a major global public health concern,posing a serious threat to human health.Plant-based diets,recognized for their substantial health benefits,have garnered increasing attention in the prevention and management of CMDs.The present review systematically summarizes advances regarding plant-based diets and cardiometabolic diseases.High-quality plant-based foods,through increased intake of dietary fiber,phytochemicals,and polyunsaturated fatty acids,contribute to improved metabolic markers,reduced inflammation,and regulation of blood lipids and glucose,effectively lowering the risk of CMDs.Furthermore,plant-based diets may enhance overall health by improving gut health and cognitive function.Despite the increasing studies on plant-based diets globally,the studies focusing on Chinese populations remain limited and often fail to take the unique characteristics of traditional dietary culture into account.Future efforts should integrate traditional Chinese dietary patterns to optimize plant-based dietary interventions,promote the application of plant-based diets in the prevention and control of CMDs,and provide a theoretical foundation for public health policy development.
Objective To analyze the age-period-cohort characteristics of hepatitis E incidence in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2005 to 2020,thereby providing support for the formulation of prevention and control measures.Methods Data on the incidence of hepatitis E among individuals aged 15 and above in the Yangtze River Delta region,covering four provinces/municipality from 2005 to 2020,were obtained from the China Public Health Science Data Center.The Joinpoint regression model was employed to analyze the trend of hepatitis E incidence.The Bayesian age-period-cohort effect model was employed to analyze the age effect,period effect,and cohort effect of hepatitis E incidence.Results From 2005 to 2020,a total of 112 348 cases of hepatitis E aged 15 and above were reported in the Yangtze River Delta region,with an average age-standardized incidence rate of 3.393 cases per 100 000 individuals.The Joinpoint regression model analysis showed that the age-standardized incidence rate of hepatitis E in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2005 to 2020 initially rose(from 2005 to 2011,with an average annual percent change of 6.419%,P<0.05)and then declined with fluctuations.The incidence trends in Anhui province,Jiangsu province,and Zhejiang province were consistent with the overall trend,while that in Shanghai remained steady with fluctuations.Bayesian age-period-cohort model analysis showed that in terms of age effect,the hepatitis E incidence rates in different provinces/municipality of the Yangtze River Delta region exhibited a consistent upward trend among people aged 15-74 years.With the increase in age after 70-74 years old,the incidence rate continued to rise in Anhui province and Shanghai,decreased in Jiangsu province,and remained steady in Zhejiang province.The trend of disease risk from 2005 to 2011 was consistent in Jiangsu province(rising from 0.74 to 1.21),Zhejiang province(rising from 0.84 to 1.07),and Anhui province(rising from 0.61 to 1.44),all showing an upward trend,while from 2011 to 2020,the trend declined,dropping to 0.79,0.83,and 0.69,respectively.In Shanghai,the RR values from 2005 to 2013,2014 to 2017,and 2018 to 2020 showed a decline(from 1.22 to 0.76),an increase(rising to 1.32),and then a decline again(down to 0.89).In terms of cohort effect,the overall risk of hepatitis E in the Yangtze River Delta region showed an increasing trend in the birth cohorts from 1918 to 1960(overall RR value rising from 0.35 to 1.66).After 1960,Jiangsu province experienced the most significant decrease(RR value dropped from 1.51 to 0.17).Conclusion The hepatitis E incidence shows different trends among different provinces/municipality in the Yangtze River Delta region,generally exhibiting a fluctuating trend.Nevertheless,it remains necessary to strengthen health education and monitoring efforts for the elderly population aged 70-74 and above.
