The phase-structural state, magnetic structure parameters, static and microwave magnetic properties of Fe81 – 74Zr2 – 5N17 – 21 films prepared by reactive magnetron deposition were studied. As the Zr and N contents increase, the film structure changes from, so-called, mixed structure (grain size 3 – 6 nm of nanocrystalline α-Fe(Zr,N) + fcc nitride) to amorphous one. The film magnetic structure parameters (effective anisotropy field of stochastic domains D1/2〈Ha〉 = 11.8 ± 8 Oe and effective local anisotropy field D1/2Ha = 880 ± 700 Oe), saturation magnetization Ms (1.8 ± 0.3 T), coercive field Hc (11 ± 2 Oe), and the real permeability µ′ (80 ± 30), retaining its value at frequencies up to 3 GHz, were determined. The values of the initial permeability µ0 (70 ± 21) obtained from the hysteresis and the real permeability µ′ (80 ± 30) obtained from microwave measurements are in good agreement. The correlation between the static magnetic properties, the stochastic magnetic structure parameters and the real permeability µ′ was considered. There is no any sign on ferromagnetic resonance in the studied frequency range. However the Acher’s coefficient value (less than 0.38) for this frequency range indicates the possibility of ferromagnetic resonance at higher frequencies.

The Fe 56.8–72.5 Zr 5.9–11.6 N 13.8–31.6 O 1.2–3.4 films were prepared by magnetron deposition. The metastable structural and phase state, which was formed upon deposition, is represented by either mixed (nanocrystalline αFe(Zr,N) + amorphous) or amorphous structure. During subsequent annealing (300–600°C), it slightly shifts toward the stable state due to partial crystallization of the amorphous phase and precipitation of the secondary phases (Fe 4 N, Fe 3 N, and ZrO 2 ). The grain structure of the films (grains 3–12 nm in size) is characterized by thermal stability. The relatively low saturation magnetization M s (870–1400 G) of the films is explained by the presence of the amorphous phase and αFe(Zr,N) solid solution, which remain in the film structure after annealing at all temperatures. The stochastic domain structure is formed in all films under study due to exchange interaction between grains and clusters in the amorphous structure. The strong dependence of the magnetic structure on the phase state and grain structure of the films is demonstrated. The combination of low local magnetic anisotropy and the highest stochastic domain size predetermines the lowest coercive field of the films, which varies in a range of 1 to 50 Oe.

The Fe-Ti-B films were obtained by dc magnetron sputtering of the Fe + 15% TiB2 and Fe + 30% TiB2 targets. The chemical composition and structure were studied in the as-sputtered state and after vacuum annealing at 500°C. The static (saturation magnetization Ms and coercive field Hc ) and rf magnetic properties (magnetic permeability µ’, frequency of natural ferromagnetic resonance fr and the frequency range in which µ’ is kept) were determined.

The main trends in the modern development of magnetic microelectronics are miniaturization and operation speed, while ensuring efficient operation in the MHz and GHz frequency ranges of magnetic fields. Creating new magnetic materials characterized by properties providing these trends is the most important fundamental and applied problem of materials science. In this regard, nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys belonging to Fe–Me–X systems (Me is one of the metals of the IVb group of the periodic table; X is one of the light elements N, C, O, or B) obtained in the form of films attract great attention. Such films produced by magnetron sputtering and characterized by the Fe/MeX two-phase structure are capable, as was shown earlier by the authors of the present article using the example of Fe–Zr–N films, of providing a combination of high saturation induction Bs, low coercive field Hc, and high hardness and thermal stability of the structure. The films were prepared by magnetron sputtering. In accordance with the initial data obtained by the authors, the films of the FeTiB system can provide better properties as compared with FeZrN films. The published data on FeTiB films in the context of their application in microelectronic devices are very sparse. In the present work we continue studies of FeTiB films aimed at identifying the chemical and phase composition providing the level of properties required for the application of the films in microelectronics. The nanocrystalline films containing from 0 to 14.3 at % Ti and from 0 to 28.9 at % B are obtained by DC magnetron sputtering. The phase-structural state of the films is studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. According to the phase composition, all films are divided into three groups: single-phase (supersaturated solid solution of Ti in α-Fe), two-phase (α-Fe(Ti)/αTi, α-Fe(Ti)/TiB2, α-Fe(Ti)/FeTi, and α‑Fe(Ti)/Fe2B), and XRD amorphous. The XRD amorphous films are shown to be characterized by a mixed structure made of a solid solution α-Fe(Ti) with a grain size in the range from 0.7 to 2 nm and an amorphous phase. A reasonable assumption has been made that the amorphous phase is enriched by boron. A quantitative assessment of the grain size of the α-Fe(Ti) phase and its dependence on the chemical and phase composition of the films is given. The mechanisms of solid-solution and dispersion strengthening determine the grain size of this phase.

The phase-structural state of Fe, Fe(1-x)Nx, Fe(1-y)Zry, and Fe(90-z)Zr10Nz films obtained by reactive magnetron sputtering under different energy and gas-atmosphere conditions was studied. It is shown that impurity elements (N, O) absorbed by the films during the deposition process along with the principal elements (Fe, Zr, N) participate in the formation of the phase composition and structure of the films. The phenomena of the formation of supersaturated bcc Fe(N) and/or bcc Fe(Zr) solid solutions and high-temperature modifications (which are non-equilibrium at room temperature) of the bcc Zr and fcc ZrO2 phases in the films are substantiated by the fundamental concepts of the metal physics.

The chemical and phase compositions and structure of the Fe-N-O films produced by reactive dc magnetron sputtering (in Ar or Ar + N-2 gas mixture atmospheres) under different conditions (energy parameters of magnetron, residual pressure in the magnetron chamber after preliminary pumping, operating pressure in gas mixture) have been investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Impurity of nitrogen and oxygen, which are present in the sputtered films, participate in the formation of their phase composition and determine its features. Some phenomena inherent in the nanocrystalline films in the metastable state were found. These are the formation of supersaturated bcc interstitial alpha Fe-based solid solution and precipitation of alpha' nitrous martensite with bct crystal lattice. The magnetic structure of the Fe-N-O films, which is characterized by the existence of stochastic domains discovered by correlation magnetometry method, is discussed in terms of the random anisotropy model. It was found that two modes of the magnetic anisotropy field of stochastic domains are formed, which determine the existence of two modes of the coercive field found in the magnetic hysteresis loops.

Nanocrystalline Fe 77 Zr 7 N 16 films are prepared by oblique-angle magnetron sputtering. The effect of the ion beam angle and subsequent annealing on the phase and structural states, the coercive force, the saturation magnetization, the remanent magnetization, and the induced in-plane magnetic anisotropy field has been studied. The possibility of natural ferromagnetic resonance in these films at gigahertz frequencies is estimated.

Asphaltenes of various heavy oil resids are oxidized by aqueous sodium percarbonate solutions at 200°C and 4 MPa pressure. The composition and properties of the obtained products are analyzed. Water-soluble oxidation products in the asphaltene oxidation products comprise 47.4-49.4%. Products of oxidative condensation of asphaltenes enriched with hydroxyl, ether, and carboxyl groups dominate in the composition of water-insoluble oxidation products. The water-soluble oxidation products represent carboxylic acid concentrate. The characteristics of the structural-group composition of the obtained oxidation products are disclosed. The possibility of practical utilization of asphaltene oxidation products as adhesion additives to road asphalt and for removal of phenol from water is demonstrated.

Primary porphyrin extracts were obtained from carbon tetrarchloride solutions of different heavy oil residuals with assistance of sulfuric acid. According to data of chromatographic separation of extracts porphyrinic fractions appear in amount of 13.0-24.2%. Based on UV/visible absorption spectroscopy the presence of porphyrins of etio and phyllo types mostly with rhodo and deoxophylloerythroetioporphyrins in lower amount was established. The content of porphyrins in obtained fractions was determined at the level of 15.3-44.8% of the total weight. It was shown that a higher concentration of porphyrins in sulfuric acid extracts occurs for the case of the high vanadium and nickel content and low amounts relation of asphaltenes to resins.

The evolution of the phase composition, nanostructure parameters, and macroscopic stress in soft magnetic Fe 95 − x Zr 5 N x films (prepared by ion-plasma deposition onto quartz substrates) during their annealing has been investigated by X-ray diffraction. During deposition, depending on the N content, either a mixed structure composed of an X-ray amorphous phase enriched in Zr and N and a crystalline phase (α-Fe(N) solid solution) or an X-ray amorphous phase enriched in Fe, Zr, and N is formed in the films. During annealing, depending on the temperature and nitrogen content, different combinations of crystalline phases (α-Fe(N) and Zr(N) solid solutions, α-Fe, Fe 4 N, Fe 2 N, ZrO 2 ) are formed in the films. The large compressive stress formed in the films during deposition changes to a lower tensile stress during annealing.

A comparative analysis has been made of the methods of porphyrin extraction from high-vanadium heavy oil asphaltenes using polar solvents and sulfuric acid. Chromatographic separation of the extracts, followed by analysis of the porphyrin fractions by UV spectroscopy, helped determine the main types of extracted porphyrins. The prospect of the method of getting porphyrin concentrates by sulfuric acid treatment of high-vanadium petroleum asphaltenes is shown.

This paper addresses the problem of asphaltene deposition during oil displacement by n-alkanes. To solve this problem, an experimental modeling of physical and chemical effects of hydrocarbon solvents in oil-saturated reservoir model using a laboratory setting. The purpose was to create a model of oil displacement in the laboratory to determine the optimal number of different inhibitors of asphaltene precipitation. As a result, it was determined that for heavy oil of Tatarstan benzene resins as inhibitors of the effectiveness is not much different from the expensive synthetic products.

Hyperbranched polyester polycarboxylic acids of the second and third generations for use as high-efficiency complexing agents are synthesized. On the basis of these compounds, new metal-polymer complexes of cobalt(II) and copper(II) are prepared for the first time. As evidenced by IR and ERR studies, the central atom in these metal polycarboxylates occurs in the axially symmetric system MO 6 . The thermal stability of polymer copper complexes is improved with increases in the content of metal ions, the degree of functionalization, and the generation number of the polyacid platform.

The effect of deposition conditions (film thickness) on the structure of soft magnetic Fe80–78Zr10N10–12 films formed by reactive magnetron deposition on a heat-resistant glass substrate has been investigated by analytical transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution electron microscopy, and diffraction analysis. The processes of evolution of the phase and structural state of films and the film-substrate interface upon annealing in the temperature range of 200–650°C have been analyzed taking into account the thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural factors and the specific features of the nanocrystalline state.

Синтезированы гиперразветвленные полиэфирополикарбоновые кислоты второй и третьей генераций для использования в качестве высокоэффективных комплексообразователей. На основе данных соединений впервые синтезированы новые металлополимерные комплексы кобальта(II) и меди(II). Методами спектроскопии ИК и ЭПР установлено, что центральный атом в синтезированных металлополикарбоксилатах находится в составе аксиальносимметричной системы состава МО6. Термическая устойчивость полимерных комплексов меди возрастает с увеличением содержания ионов металла, степени функционализации и ростом генерации платформы поликислоты.

Hyperbranched polyol Boltorn H20 and polycarboxyBoltorn H20 synthesized on its multifunctional nanoscaffold influence catalytic activity of aspartic proteinase Candida albicans (C. alb.). The results of study catalytic activity proteinase C. alb. in relation to hemoglobin at presence Boltorn H20 show, that the effect of activation is mainly observed. The inhibition effect much more poorly also has dot character. PolycarboxyBoltorn H20 render activating effect in area of high concentration (1 x 10(-3) - 5 x 10(-4) M), however this effect is stronger (140%). A kinetic parameters enzyme proteolysis of hemoglobin (the maximal speed (V(m)) and Mikhaelis constant (K(m))) are estimated, seeming types are certain and constants at presence Boltorn H20 and policarboxyBoltorn H20 are calculated.