Introduction. Late diagnosis of inflammatory pathologies leads to increased risks of chronicization of the process, generalization, development of complications, and reduced effectiveness of therapy. Routine methods of clinical laboratory diagnostics often have diagnostic value at the stage of already developed disease with pronounced clinical manifestations. Determination of blood serum trace elements may have prognostic value in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases. The trace elements most extensively studied in the context of inflammation and immune defense are copper and zinc. The aim of the study. The aim of the study was to investigate the prognostic significance of determining copper and zinc concentrations in serum in the diagnosis of inflammation. Material and methods. Concentrations of CRP, ferritin, ceruloplasmin, leukocytes, neutrophils, fibrinogen, copper, and zinc were determined in 1153 examined people aged 18 to 86 years. Serum trace elements were determined by ICP-MS method, the rest of the parameters were measured by standard methods. ROC analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic significance of serum copper and zinc measurements. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were also calculated for the laboratory tests. Results. It was shown that serum copper concentration in both men and women can be used as a predictor of abnormalities of CRP, ceruloplasmin, and fibrinogen. By abnormalities in serum copper concentration, it is possible to predict increased leukocytes in men and women; decreased leukocytes in men; and increased neutrophil levels in men and women. The prognostic significance of the laboratory test for serum zinc was found in relation to the detection of ferritin deficiency in women and ceruloplasmin deficiency in men and women. Conclusion. The results obtained in the study suggest the possible use of serum copper and zinc laboratory tests for prognostic purposes.

Introduction. In previous years, RUDN University conducted a comparative analysis of the ionomic profiles of first-year students from Africa, Central Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, China and others, but a comparison of the elemental status of first-year RUDN University students from the Middle East and the Moscow region has not been described in the literature. The purpose of the study is to study the relationship between the ionomic profile of hair of first-year RUDN University students from the Middle East and the Moscow region with the natural and climatic conditions of the living environment. Material and methods. In the period from September 1, 2022 to January 1, 2023, a study of the elemental composition of hair was carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in 180 first-year RUDN University students who previously lived in the ME countries (60 people) and in the MR (120 people) aged 18–26 years. The average age of the subjects was 22.7 ± 4 years. Gender differences in the comparison groups were not taken into account. Results. It was found that in the ionic profile of the hair of students who arrived from the Moscow region, the predominant macroelements are calci-um, magnesium, essential microelements manganese, cobalt, iron, toxic microelement mercury, and potentially toxic microelement tin. In the ionic profile of the hair of students who arrived from the Middle East, the predominant elements are sodium, essential microelements molybdenum, silicon, toxic microelements thallium, cesium, antimony, tungsten, beryllium, conditionally essential and potentially toxic microelements arsenic, rubidium, nickel. Conclusions. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the content of 22 elements in the hair of first-year RUDN students from the Middle East and the Moscow region during the adaptation period to study in 2023. The features of the elemental profiles of students were established, it was shown that the hair of the subjects reflects the territorial climatic and geographical features of the region of residence of the subject.

Цель исследования – изучение паттернов кумуляции эссенциальных и токсичных химических микроэлементов в волосах женщин трудоспособного возраста, проживающих в городах Твери, Ярославле и Вологде. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 411 взрослых женщин в возрасте от 18 до 60 лет, проживающих в Твери (n = 150), Ярославле (n = 108) и Вологде (n = 153), не задействованных в производственной сфере. Определение содержания химических элементов в волосах проводилось методом масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой (ИСП-МС). Результаты. Установлено, что для жителей Твери характерна выраженная кумуляция мышьяка, кадмия, а также тенденция к избыточному содержанию ртути в волосах. У женщин, проживающих в Ярославле, отмечалось увеличение содержания алюминия и тенденция к избыточной кумуляции олова в волосах. В свою очередь, у женщин из Вологды отмечалась интенсивная кумуляция таких токсичных металлов как алюминий, мышьяк, кадмий, и свинец. Для обследуемых из Твери было характерно увеличение частоты избыточной кумуляции железа, хрома и ванадия. Превышение референтных значений содержания железа в волосах также часто регистрировалось у женщин из Ярославля. В то же время у обследуемых из Ярославля и Вологды выявлена высокая частота дефицита меди и цинка. В группе обследуемых жителей Вологды, характеризующихся высоким уровнем свинца, выявлена обратная корреляция между содержанием цинка и свинца в волосах. Выводы. Женщины, проживающие в городах Вологде, Твери и Ярославле характеризуются различными избытками токсичных металлов на фоне дефицита меди и цинка. При этом последний, возможно, обусловлен избыточным воздействием свинца. Различия могут быть обусловлены функционированием различных предприятий, являющихся антропогенными источниками металлов, а также вносить значительный вклад в развитие экологически-обусловленных заболеваний.

Цель исследования − изучение особенностей элементного статуса взрослого населения города Ярославля. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 178 взрослых жителей г. Ярославля в возрасте от 20 до 80 лет (99 мужчин и 79 женщин), не занятых в производственной сфере. Дополнительно проведено обследование 113 взрослых лиц (49 мужчин и 64 женщины), которые рассматривались в качестве группы сравнения. Определение содержания микроэлементов проводилось методом масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой. Результаты. При сравнении с референтными значениями установлено увеличение частоты избыточной кумуляции токсичных металлов в волосах жителей г. Ярославля свыше 10%, в первую очередь, кадмия, никеля, свинца и олова. В то же время частота превышения верхней границы референтных значений для содержания алюминия в волосах составила более 20%. На этом фоне обращает на себя внимание высокая частота низкого уровня кобальта, меди, ванадия и цинка. При сравнении полученных данных с группой сравнения установлено, что содержание алюминия, кадмия, никеля, а также олова у обследуемых из г. Ярославля выше на 30, 63, 34 и 28%. Уровень селена и цинка в волосах обследуемых из г. Ярославля оказался ниже такового в группе сравнения на 32 и 9% соответственно. Вместе с тем содержание ванадия в волосах жителей г. Ярославля отмечалось ниже соответствующих значений в группе сравнения в 2 раза. Уровень железа в волосах жителей г. Ярославля превышал соответствующие показатели группы сравнения на 31%. Выводы. Взрослые жители г. Ярославля характеризуются избыточной кумуляцией алюминия, кадмия, свинца, олова и железа на фоне риска развития дефицита цинка и ванадия. Выявленные нарушения элементного статуса могут вносить значительный вклад в развитие экологически-обусловленной патологии у населения.

Nowadays, there are several methods for the detection of various bioelements during SARS-CoV-2. Many of them require special equipment, high expenses, and a long time to obtain results. In this study, we aim to use polyelectrolyte multilayers for robust carbon fiber-based potentiometric sensing to determine the ion concentration in human biofluids of COVID-19 patients. The polyethyleneimine/polystyrene sulfonate complex is hygroscopic and has the ability to retain counterions of inorganic salts. This fact makes it possible to create a flexible ionometric system with a pseudo-liquid connection. The formation of the polyethyleneimine/polystyrene sulfonate complex allows for the adhesion of a hydrophobic ion-selective membrane, and creates a Nernst response in a miniature sensor system. This approach discloses the development of miniaturized ion-selective electrodes and their future application to monitor analyte changes as micro and macroelement ions in the human body to identify correlation to SARS-CoV-2. An imbalance in the content of potassium and sodium in urine and blood is directly related to changes in the zinc content in patients with coronavirus. The proposed method for assessing the condition of patients will allow fast determination of the severity of the course of the disease.

The authors analyze the results of atomic emission spectrometry of hair samples for Al, Cd, Fe, Cr, Cu, Li, Pb, V, and Zn in 952 healthy subjects and 952 liquidators of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Using correlation analysis (Pearson) of the obtained data, the authors have found pair correlations between metal concentration values. According to the authors, criticality or synchronization (as a particular case of the critical state of the system) can be inherent in all ATP-dependent membrane pumps (P-type) controlling metal-ligand homeostasis in epidermal cells. A quantitative criterion (synchronization index) is proposed to measure the level of criticality (synchronization) in the functioning of membrane ATPases. If hair spectrometry data at the level of individuals demonstrates power-law distribution, then due to the inherent power-law to scale invariance a similar distribution should be expected at the cellular level.

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to study and assess the elemental status of residents of the Kirov region as a part of the Volga Region Federal District (VFD). Material and methods. The content of elements in the hair of 295 men and women (73 and 222, respectively, 25-50 years old) and 120 boys and girls (46 and 74, respectively, 3-15 years old) were studied using massspectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. This indicator serves an index in assessing the impact of environment on human organism. Methods of non-parametric statistics were used for the mathematical simulation of our data. Results. It was found that women, girls and boys compared with other regions of the VFD are characterized by a relative increase in the absolute content (median) in the hair of Mg, Fe, V. For people living in the territory of the Kirov region a relative increase in the Si level in the hair is characterized with exception of boys. The relatively reduced level of Cu (with the exception of women) and Se (with the exception of men) also make oneself conspicuous. Discussion of the results. The main problems associated with a decrease in the content of Cu and Se compounds, as well as an increase in the content of Si, Mg, Fe and V, most likely have a geochemical nature and, in particular, are associated with the chemical composition of drinking water. The hair of children in a greater degree than in adults is shown to be a biological substrate, the elemental composition of which indicates to ecological and social factors, the quality of products and the development of the health care system. Conclusions. The obtained data can be recommended for the use as reference values in assessing the level of chemical compounds in the hair of adults and children living in the territory of the Kirov region.

Гематологические нарушения и гиперкоагуляционные состояния лежат в основе механизма ишемизации мозговой ткани. На образование и структуру фибрина влияют двухвалентные ионы, что в конечном итоге приводит к изменению вязкости крови, тромбоцитозу и нарушению процесса свертывания. Изменение макро- и микроэлементного баланса служит маркером нейротрофических нарушений в работе мозга задолго до их клинических проявлений: дисбаланс металло-лигандного гомеостаза является неблагоприятным фоном для дебюта ишемического инсульта. Поэтому исследование многоступенчатых гомеостатических механизмов, обеспечивающих связь кровоснабжения мозга с его метаболизмом и функцией, является ключевым пунктом при анализе патогенетических процессов нарушения мозгового кровообращения. Высокая энергетическая потребность мозга зависит от нормального кровоснабжения и постоянной регионарной перфузии. В многофакторной системе свертывания крови ключевое место занимают специфические белки - протеин С и D-димеры, а также макро- и микроэлементы. Hematological disorders and hypercoagulability underlie the mechanism of brain ischemia. The formation and structure of fibrin are affected by divalent ions, which ultimately leads to changes in blood viscosity, thrombocytosis, and coagulopathy. Changes in the balance of macro- and microelements can predict neurotrophic disorders in the brain long before their clinical manifestation, since the disturbed metal-ligand homeostasis is an unfavorable factor for the onset of ischemic stroke. Thus, studying the multi-stage homeostatic mechanisms for the interplay of cerebral circulation and brain metabolism and function is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disorders. Normal blood supply and constant regional perfusion provide for the high brain demand for energy. Specific proteins, including protein C and D-dimers, as well as macro- and microelements, play a key role in the multifactorial coagulation system.

3 Университет Тапар, Пенджаб, Индия 4 Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им.И.М.Сеченова, Москва

The objective of this study was to assess trace element content in hair of Holstein dairy cows bred in the Leningrad Region of Russia and to calculate the site-specific reference intervals. Hair content of arsenic, boron, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, iodine, lithium, manganese, lead, selenium, silicon, tin, strontium, vanadium, and zinc in 148 cows during first ( n = 50), second ( n = 48), and third ( n = 50) lactation periods of life was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Dietary intake of trace elements corresponded to the adequate values according to national and international recommendations. Comparative analysis did not reveal any significant differences in hair content of main essential elements on the animals depending on the number of lactation. At the same time, the first-lactation cows had significantly ( P < 0.05) lower concentration of lead in hair as compared to the third-lactation cows and a higher level of mercury as compared to the second-lactation cows. The reference intervals and 90% confidence intervals for the lower and upper limits were calculated in agreement with the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standard Guidelines.

The objective of the present study was to assess the levels of Se, as well as other essential and toxic trace elements in wheat grains and traditional Roti-bread from whole-grain flour in a seleniferous area of Punjab (India) using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. Wheat grain and bread selenium levels originating from seleniferous areas exceeded the control values by a factor of more than 488 and 179, respectively. Se-rich wheat was also characterized by significantly increased Cu and Mn levels. Se-rich bread also contained significantly higher levels of Cr, Cu, I, Mn, and V. The level of Li and Sr was reduced in both Se-enriched wheat and bread samples. Roti bread from Se-enriched wheat was also characterized by elevated Al, Cd, and Ni, as well as reduced As and Hg content as compared to the respective control values. Se intake with Se-rich bread was estimated as more than 13,600% of RDA. Daily intake of Mn with both Se-unfortified and Se-fortified bread was 133% and 190% of RDA. Therefore, Se-rich bread from wheat cultivated on a seleniferous area of Punjab (India) may be considered as a potent source of selenium, although Se status should be monitored throughout dietary intervention.

The work is dedicated to the problem of the norm in the quantitative evaluation of metal content in the epidermal cells (hair) obtained by the method of spectrometry.Authors have analyzed the hair samples for Zn, Cu, and Fe content, which were obtained from 10000 healthy subjects (5000 males and 5000 females aged 20 to 45).The definition of the norm, in the authors' opinion, is closely related to the basic positions of the theory of self-organized criticality (SC).The observed shifts in the homeostasis of essential metals are local and therefore cannot serve as a criterion of sufficient (or insufficient) metal content throughout the body.

ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ МАКРО-И МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТОВВ ВОЛОСАХ ДЕТЕЙ С СИНДРОМОМ ДАУНА И ОЖИРЕНИЕМ А

The technology (methodology) of non-invasive screening of human elemental status was tested under real conditions of Tajikistan child population in scope of assessment of dietary provision of schoolchildren with chemical elements – micronutrients, and of load with heavy metals. The project was implemented within the framework of regional activity of the World Food Programme (WFP). There were totally examined 588 schoolchildren of 1−4 classes of average educational institutions aged 7−10 years (301 girls, 287 boys), residing in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan in Sughd and Khatlon regions, including those involved and not involved in WFP programme of organized school nutrition with hot meals provision fortified with vitamins and trace elements. The study included collection of hair samples and determination of 25 main physiologically significant macro and trace elements in them by the ICP-MS method. The obtained results confirmed known patterns of gender difference in hair mineral content with lower levels of most elements in girls, hair except magnesium. Also, the results revealed extremely low levels of copper and iodine in hair of Tajik schoolchildren: Cu 7.94 and 8.14 μg/g, I 0.094 and 0.071 μg/g respectively in boys and girls in average. Occurrence of copper deficiency as estimated by hair level of the element was 73.2% cases in schools involved in WFP programme and more than 90% cases in schools not involved in WFP programme. Iodine deficiency was registered in 84.4% and 84.2% children, respectively. Comparison of trace element patterns with corresponding data obtained earlier from children of the same age and sex living in other countries (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Bangladesh, Macedonia, Croatia, and two regions of Russia) also showed a very decreased Cu, I levels in Tajik schoolchildren, suggesting that a lack of supply with these elements can be a cause of anemia and goiter widespread in this territory.

The objective of the present study was to estimate the association between brain inflammatory markers and serum trace element levels as assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at NexION 300D. Leukocyte elastase (LE), α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) activity, anti-nerve growth factor-antibodies (anti-NGF-Ab), and anti-myelin basic protein-antibodies (anti-MBP-Ab) levels were assessed as inflammatory markers. The obtained data demonstrate that the increase in LE and α1-PI activity is associated with higher serum Cr and Cu levels, respectively. The increase in Anti-NGF-Ab levels was associated with a nearly significant 16% increase in serum Mn levels. Autistic children with high MBP-Ab levels were characterized by 28% higher serum Mn and lower Mg concentration. The results of correlation analysis were generally in agreement with the outcome of group comparisons. Regression analysis demonstrated that serum Mg was significantly negatively associated with LE activity, whereas both serum Fe and V concentrations were characterized by a positive influence on the parameter. In turn, serum Cu was a significant predictor of α1-PI, as well as Cr levels. At the same time, the serum concentrations of Cd and Fe were found to be inversely associated with α1-PI levels. Serum Cd and Mn levels were significant positive predictors of anti-MBP-Ab levels, whereas Mg levels had a negative impact on anti-MBP-Ab values. Generally, the obtained data demonstrate the interrelationship between trace element homeostasis and neuroinflammation in autism. Hypothetically, modulation of trace element status may be used for reduction of neuroinflammatory response, although further studies are required to reveal the underlying mechanisms of the observed associations.

The primary objective of the present study was to assess the level of selenium and toxic trace elements in wheat, rice, maize, and mustard from seleniferous areas of Punjab, India. The content of selenium (Se) and toxic trace elements, including aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and tin (Sn), in crop samples was assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry after microwave digestion of the samples. The obtained data demonstrate that cultivation of crops on seleniferous soils significantly increased Se level in wheat, mustard, rice, and maize by a factor of more than 590, 111, 85, and 64, respectively. The study also showed that Se exposure affected toxic metal content in crops. In particular, Se-rich wheat was characterized by a significant decrease in Al, As, Ni, Pb, and Sn levels. The level of As, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Sn was significantly decreased in Se-rich rice, whereas As content was increased. In turn, the decrease in Al, As, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Sn levels in Se-rich maize was associated with a significant elevation of Hg content. Finally, Se-rich mustard was characterized by a significant increase in Al, As, and Hg levels, while the content of Ni, Pb, and Sn was significantly lower than the control levels. These findings should be taken into account while developing the nutritional strategies for correction of Se status. At the same time, the exact mechanisms underlying the observed differences are to be estimated.

The authors analyze the results of atomic emission spectrometry of hair samples for Al, Cd, Fe, Cr, Cu, Li, Pb, V, and Zn in 952 healthy subjects and 952 liquidators of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Using correlation analysis (Pearson) of the obtained data, the authors have found pair correlations between metal concentration values. According to the authors, criticality or synchronization (as a particular case of the critical state of the system) can be inherent in all ATP-dependent membrane pumps (P-type) controlling metal-ligand homeostasis in epidermal cells. A quantitative criterion (synchronization index) is proposed to measure the level of criticality (synchronization) in the functioning of membrane ATPases.

Element status of 40 male workers (43.9 +/- 8.9 years old) of the "Erdenet" copper-molybdenum ore mining and processing enterprise (Mongolia) was estimated using hair inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry analysis and comparison with outer control group. Differences between workers of the production (PS) and non-production (NPS) spheres were also studied. It was found that Mongolian workers do not differ from the control group by levels of macroelements though have significantly lower hair content of Cr (2.1-fold). 1 (4.4-fold), Se (1.2-fold), Cd (1.6-fold), Hg (4.2-fold), Si (1.5-fold), V (3.3-fold). and much higher hair content of Mo (9.5-fold). PS workers were found to have higher hair Mo (1.6-fold. p < 0.001) than NPS. Significantly higher hair content of essential Co (3.3-fold). Cr (1.9-fold). Fe (2-fold), I (3-fold), Se (1.2-fold), and Ca (1.7-fold) was also observed in PS workers. The data indicate distinct effect of occupational exposure to Mo. Lowered levels of essential elements, especially pronounced in the NPS subgroup. probably reflect peculiarities of Mongolian diets lacking vegetables and sea food.