The influence of three different nanostructured carbon materials: nonfunctionalized and functionalized with oxygen- and amino-containing groups on the relaxation properties of elastomer compositions was studied. Rubber compounds based on natural rubber and nitrile butadiene rubber were used as elastomeric matrices. Determination of the relaxation properties of rubber compounds and rubbers based on them was carried out on the basis of calculations of the stress relaxation coefficient and the conditionally equilibrium modulus. It has been established that functionalized carbon nanomaterials exert the most significant effect on the acceleration of relaxation processes in rubber compounds based on polar rubber due to a possible decrease in the intermolecular interaction of its polar groups. In compositions based on natural rubber, the introduction of functionalized nanomaterials increases the rate of relaxation processes only in compositions with semi-reinforcing carbon black, which is due to the lower interactions of elastomer macromolecules with chain structures of the filler. It has been found that in compositions based on nitrile butadiene rubber, the use of carbon nanomaterials, in comparison with rubber without nanoadditives, leads to an increase in the conditionally equilibrium modulus in vulcanizates with both semi-reinforcing and high-reinforcing carbon black at a dosage of 50.0 wt.pts. Rubbers based on nonpolar rubber containing carbon nanomaterials are characterized by increased values of conditionally equilibrium modulus only in the case of compositions with semireinforcing carbon black at a dosage of 50.0 wt.pts.

An increase in the strength of soldered joints obtained by reflow soldering pastes based on lead-free solders by introducing carbon nanotubes into the composition of pastes by means of ultrasonic vibrations has been achieved. The influence of the content of carbon nanotubes in the paste on the mechanical properties of soldered joints and the solderability of coatings of electronic components has been studied.

Изучено влияние трех наноструктурных углеродных материалов: нефункциолизированного и функциолизированных амино- и кислородсодержащими группами на технологические свойства эластомерных композиций. В качестве объектов исследования использованы композиции на основе каучуков общего назначения СКИ-3 и СКИ-3 + СКД и каучуков специального назначения БНКС-18 и БНКС-18 + БНКС-28. Установлено, что применение наноструктурных углеродных материалов в составе промышленных эластомерных композиций на основе полярных каучуков БНКС-18 и комбинации БНКС-18 + БНКС-28 приводит к уменьшению (до 11,0–12,7%) вязкости по Муни резиновых смесей за счет улучшения диспергирования наполнителя. Определено, что изменение основных кинетических параметров вулканизации смесей при введении нанодобавок в основном обусловлено составом вулканизующей системы, так как в случае применения эффективной вулканизующей системы (композиции на основе БНКС-18) время достижения оптимума вулканизации увеличивается на 2,4–10,6%, а для композиции с полуэффективной вулканизующей системой (БНКС-18 + БНКС-28) оптимум вулканизации сокращается на 10,5–18,4%. В эластомерных композициях на основе каучуков общего назначения СКИ-3 и СКД также выявлено уменьшение (до 8,4–18,9%) вязкости по Муни резиновых смесей, значительное улучшение степени диспергирования наполнителя и сокращение (на 1,9–10,2%) времени достижения оптимальной степени вулканизации, но только при использовании нефункционализированного наноматериала УНМ1. В то же время введение функционализированных наноматериалов УНМ2 и УНМ3 в эластомерные композиции оказывает неоднозначное влияние на комплекс технологических свойств резиновых смесей на основе неполярных каучуков, что обусловлено дозировкой и природой нанодобавки.

Изучено влияние дисперсий наноструктурированных углеродных материалов на прочность связи резины с текстильными кордами различных марок. В качестве объектов исследования использованы пропиточные составы для полиэфирных и полиамидных кордов, в которые вводились водные дисперсии углеродных наноматериалов производства ООО «Передовые исследования и технологии»: УД УНМ с концентрацией 5 г/л и УД «Р» с концентрацией 10 г/л.

We present the results of experimental studies focused on the effect of carbon nanotube additives on properties of galvanically deposited chromium-based coatings. The additives were introduced to the electrolyte by electrochemical treatment of the electrolyte and ultrasonic dispersion. The concentration of additives introduced to the electrolyte was 0.1 g/L. The results of coating testing showed enhanced hardness and corrosion- and wear resistance.

A study has been made of the influence of three different nanomaterials: of the starting material, and also of those functionalized by amine and oxygen-containing groups, on the properties of elastomer compositions based on rubbers for special purposes. As the elastomer matrix, use was made in one case of a rubber compound based on BNKS-18 butadiene-nitrile rubber and in the other, of a combination of two grades of butadiene-nitrile rubber (BNKS-18 + BNKS-28 in a 50:50 ratio), which differed by the amount of the bound nitrile of acrylic acid. To determine the degree of interaction between the additives and the elastomer matrix, the authors carried out multiple tests of the rubber compounds. The indices of plastoelastic properties of the rubber compounds and the qualitative characteristics of distribution of the filler (elastic modulus at small deformation amplitudes and the shear modulus under large deformation) and the difference in these indices (complex dynamic modulus) alike have been determined.

The influence of two different nanomaterials on the properties of elastomeric composites based on general- and special-purpose rubbers has been investigated. For the elastomeric matrix, we used a combination of synthetic polyisopropene (SKI-3) and stereoregular butadiene (SKD) caoutchoucs in one case and butadiene-nitrile caoutchouc containing 27–30% of bound acrylic acid nitrile (BNKS-28) in the other case. For additives, nanomaterials of two types were used. To determine the degree of interaction of the additives with the elastomeric matrix, complex tests of rubber mixes and vulcanizates based on them were carried out, in which the following indices were determined: the Mooney viscosity, the relaxation and vulcanization characteristics of the mixes, the elastic-strength properties of the vulcanizates before and after thermal ageing, their resistance to thermal ageing, and the mechanical loss tangent.

The influence of a carbon nanomaterial obtained in a high-voltage discharge plasma on the endurance of elastomer compositions has been investigated for the first time. The results of these investigations agree with those obtained in determining the parameters of the vulcanization kinetics, conventional tensile strength, relative breaking elongation, and resistance to thermal aging and swelling in liquid hydrocarbon media of highly filled rubbers based on butadiene-nitrile caoutchoucs. To verify the assumed mechanism underlying the action of a carbon nanomaterial on elastomer compositions, the parameters of their vulcanizing network have been determined using the method of equilibrium swelling. It is shown that the introduction of a carbon nanomaterial into polar caoutchouc-based rubber allows one to substantially improve its service characteristics and endurance.

Results of investigations of the influence of an addition of carbon nanomaterials to a cement paste on its properties, the morphological characteristics of the cement-hydration products, and the structure and strength of the concrete obtained on the basis of this paste are presented.

The paper dwells upon the investigation of carbon nanomaterials synthesized by an electric arc-method from methane-air mixture under atmospheric pressure in presence of Ni catalyst. These materials may be used for the electrochemical storage of energy. According to the data of transmission electron microscopy the carbon nanomaterials are generally represented by carbon nanotubes with the diameter of 20-80 nm. The pulse-reverse treatment of carbon nanomaterials in concentrated sulphuric electrolytes with addition of fluoride and lithium ions is carried out to increase their discharge capacity in 1 M H2SO4 and 1 M KOH. The properties of carbon nanomaterials are studied using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, chemical energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, potentiostatic charge method of electrochemical saturation of hydrogen and potentiodynamic discharge method. The maximum discharge capacity of 940 C g?1 in 1 M H2SO4 is revealed for CNMs subjected to pulse-reverse treatment in concentrated sulphuric electrolyte containing fluoride and lithium ions.

The results of experimental investigations of the process of growth of carbon nanostructures on a metallic surface have been presented. A depth analysis of the formed material has been made for different reagent–oxidant ratios. The probable mechanism of growth of carbon nanostructures has been proposed.

The conditions for obtaining carbon nanomaterials with the use of a low-temperature plasma are described. The product obtained was analyzed using the electron microscopy and a laser diffraction particle-size analyzer. The influence of the carbon nanomaterials on the physicochemical properties of paint coatings, their adhesion, impact and bending strengths, hardness, and protection characteristics was investigated.