目的:利用DNA条形码线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因(COⅠ)技术对东北林蛙等24种进行鉴别,构建邻接(NJ)系统发育树,对24种进行系统聚类分析,为东北林蛙等蛙类的鉴别,分类及新种的发现提供一定的依据.方法:收集东北林蛙、中国林蛙、黑龙江林蛙、徂崃林蛙、桓仁林蛙各10只,提取其DNA并进行聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增,将扩增成功的序列测序,共测得50条CO Ⅰ基因序列;从GenBank数据库中获得蛙科蛙属24种163条CO Ⅰ基因序列及蛙科侧褶蛙属,臭蛙属,琴蛙属,水蛙属,湍蛙属各一条CO Ⅰ基因序列;利用MEGAX进行序列比对,分析各物种CO Ⅰ基因序列简约性信息位点,计算种内,种间遗传距离,构建NJ树进行系统聚类分析.结果:东北林蛙等24种CO1基因序列长度为554 bp,共有210个简约性信息位点,各物种种内遗传距离均＜2％;除桑植蛙与明全蛙种间遗传距离为0.004外,其余各物种种间遗传距离范围为0.024～0.228;桑植蛙与明全蛙聚为一支,部分东北林蛙与Rana utenoi聚为一支,中国林蛙有2个独立的分支,其余各物种均独立聚为一支.结论:DNA条形码CO Ⅰ技术能够对东北林蛙等21种进行鉴定及鉴别,支持桑植蛙与明全蛙,韩国林蛙与昆嵛林蛙为同物异名,其中一支中国林蛙可能是蛙科蛙属未下载的4个种之一或新种.这表明DNA条形码CO Ⅰ技术不仅可以鉴定及鉴别东北林蛙等24种蛙类,也可以为蛙科蛙属的分类,新种或亚种的发现提供一定的科学依据.

目的 根据不同批次哈蟆油药材中氨基酸的含量测定结果对不同商品规格等级的哈蟆油进行质量评价及等级区分.方法 采用柱前衍生化-HPLC法同时测定不同规格等级哈蟆油中18种氨基酸的含量.应用系统聚类分析和主成分分析对不同商品规格等级哈蟆油进行类别划分;根据主成分分析结果计算不同批次样品的各主成分得分及综合得分.结果 不同规格等级样品氨基酸总量均在69％～ 82％.通过主成分分析综合得分结果可以得出不同规格哈蟆油药材以氨基酸成分进行分析时线油的评分高于块油;不同等级的块油进行比较得出虽然一等块油中有两个得分较高,但总体来说二等块油的综合得分较一等块油高.结论 应用该方法所测定氨基酸的含量可对不同商品规格等级的哈蟆油进行质量评价及等级区分.

目的:分析比较平贝母大、中、小粒3种等级与氨基酸含量的相关性.方法:采用柱前衍生化-高效液相色谱法测定不同等级平贝母中氨基酸含量.通过化学计量学分析平贝母不同等级与氨基酸含量的相关性.结果:33批平贝母样品中,小粒平贝母中氨基酸平均总量为105.70 mg/g;中粒平贝母中氨基酸平均总量为88.18 mg/g;大粒平贝母中氨基酸平均总量为79.47 mg/g,小粒平贝母与大、中粒平贝母氨基酸含量上有较大差异性,中粒和大粒平贝母氨基酸含量上并无较大差异.小、中、大粒平贝母样品经主成分分析所得的综合评分结果表明小粒平贝母质量优于中粒及大粒平贝母.结论:小粒平贝母中氨基酸含量较高,中、大粒次之,平贝母的不同等级与氨基酸的含量具有一定的相关性.

哈蟆油具有良好的补益作用,是常用的药食两用药材.由于古代本草文献中对哈蟆油的基原动物记载简略,造成了目前哈蟆油药材使用的混乱.为理清溯源,在查阅本草书籍、文献以及现代中药学专著的基础上,对哈蟆油的名称、基原动物、产地分布、采收加工、功效等方面进行考证.结果 表明哈蟆油因具有补益功效而最早被满族人应用,其基原动物的名称均由满文音译而来.通过分析各类本草书籍中对蛙科动物的描述得出哈蟆油基原动物的最早描述出现于清代阿桂编撰的《盛京通志》之中.在对林蛙属部分动物的分类变迁进行总结归纳后将哈蟆油的基原动物初步确定为东北林蛙Rana dybowskii,黑龙江林蛙R.amurensis和桓仁林蛙R.huanrenensis.根据形态大小可以排除桓仁林蛙,根据药材质量的优劣可以排除黑龙江林蛙,故认为哈蟆油的基原动物为东北林蛙,现主要产区为东北地区,最佳捕捉期为10月份.哈蟆油常炖制后食用.该研究可为哈蟆油基原动物的确定、产区分布和资源利用提供有效依据.

Objective To establish two methods for the determination of alpha amylase activator(nitrate ions and chloride ions)in oryzae fructus germinatus(OFG),and to compare it's content in different processed products of OFG.Methods Using ultraviolet spectrophotometry for the determination of nitrate,the absorbance of nitrate was measured at 210 nm.Adopt titration,use nitrate standard solution titration chloride ions,determination of chloride ion concentration.Results A linear relationship was demonstrated over the range 0.1-5.0 μg/mL(r=0.999 1).The content of the nitrate ions,which extracted from the crude product,the stir-fried to yellow product and the stir-fried to brown product of the OFG was 0.32%,0.15%and 0.25%respectively.The content of the chloride ions was 0.016 9%,0.013 5%and 0.008 0%.Conclusion The contents of the Alpha Amylase Activator in OFG fell after processing by frying.

Objective:To compare the content of reducing sugar in three different processed products of Oryzae fructus germinatus (OFG).Method:Reducing sugar extracted from three different processed products of Oryzae fructus germinatus was determined by 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method(DNS method) at UV wavelength of 490 nm.Result:The content of reducing sugar extracted from the crude product,the stir-fried to yellow product and the stir-fried to brown product of Oryzae fructus germinatus was 3.73%, 1.29%and 0.30%,respectively.Conclusion:The higher degree of stir-fried processing,the lower content of reducing sugar in the Oryzae fructus germinatus.

Objective To compare the activity of the alpha amylase different processed products from Oryzae fructus germinatus (OFG). Methods The activity of the alpha amylase were determined by the national standard, the content determination method of the alpha amylase activity in the grain and it′s products (GB/T 5521-2008). Results With the increase of heat processing degree, the alpha amylase activity gradually reduced in the OFG. Conclusion This method is accurate, simple and reliable, which can be widely used in the determination of alpha amylase activity of the grain products.

The second round of graduate teaching evaluation is about to begin,there are more private undergraduate universities and colleges were included in second round of evaluation.Private universities and colleges evaluation should be distinguished from public university,follow diversity of principles of facts,comparability,openness and evaluation of main subject.Private universities evaluation system design in accordance with objective of the evaluation for promoting construction,the first evaluation level indicators should be divided into basic index,the development of index and reference index,which reference index reflects diversity of evaluation subject and dynamic evaluation of combination of evaluation and construction.Among secondary index of reference index,the horizontal evaluation focus on comparability of universities.

At present, there appears active educational exchange between mainland China and Taiwan. Taiwan has plenty of educational resources to attract mainland students and the number of mainland students studying in Taiwan increases rapidly, but there are many obstacles. Taiwan does not admit mainland students’educational background, restricts their study time, and neglects their rights, which limits educational development in scale and extent. This article analyzes some factors preventing mainland students studying in Taiwan and tries to put forward some strategies to overcome them.

Advanced RISC machines(ARM) embedded system implementing display function of video graphics array(VGA) display interface,involved in construct of timing signal and image data digital-to-analog(D/A) converting.In this paper,a solution based on S3C2440 embedded platform,using high-performance D/A chip THS8134B to convert the LCD scanning interface to the VGA interface is designed,which include hardware design,construct VGA timing signal,control of video D/A converter.Introduce the related register settings of S3C2440 in the end.This method uses less system resource,plays in high performance and reliability,thus it can meet the demands of real-time display.