The antiferromagnets with negligible stray fields and ultrafast spin dynamics play a crucial role in the fields of energy-efficient spintronics and topological electronics. However, the detection and control of the underlying nontrivial Berry curvature become extremely limited by the vanishing magnetization and anomalous Hall conductivity. Here, we show the electronic Hall viscosity is closely related to the quadruple Berry curvature of Bloch bands and is bounded by the d-orbit factor modulated second moment of the quantum volume. Moreover, we derive the symmetry requirement for nonzero electronic Hall viscosity that could characterize antiferromagnetic ordering even when the linear anomalous Hall response gets forbidden. We further examine our key findings in two archetypal antiferromagnets: d-wave altermagnet RuO_2, and noncollinear Mn_3Sn through direct first-principle calculations. Thus, our work reveals a new and fundamental quantum geometry quantity of generic antiferromagnets and offers a broadly applicable way to design antiferromagnetic spintronics devices via unconventional Hall viscosity.

The over-tilting of Dirac cones has led to various fascinating quantum phenomena. Here we find that two anomalous acoustic plasmons (AAPs) are dictated by the distinct geometry of two-dimensional (2D) type-II Dirac cones, far beyond the conventional √(q) plasmon. One AAP originates from the strong hybridization of two pockets with large velocity anisotropy at one Dirac point, whereas the other is attributed to the significant enhancement of the band correlation around the open Fermi surface. Remarkably, the plasmons exhibit valley-dependent chirality along the tilting direction due to the chiral electron dispersion. Meanwhile, we discuss the tunability of plasmon dispersion and lifetime by tuning the gap and dielectric substrate. Our work provides a promising way to generate the novel plasmons in Dirac materials.

Strain engineering provides a powerful route to inducing striking emergent phenomena in quantum materials, particularly those governed by a delicate interplay between electron correlations and spin–orbit coupling, such as orthorhombic SrIrO3. Here, we report the epitaxial growth of orthorhombic SrIrO3 thin films under systematically controlled tensile strain. A pronounced hysteresis in the magnetoresistance is observed in SrIrO3/TbScO3 films below 40 K, indicating the emergence of long-range magnetic order driven by the epitaxial strain. Further investigations of SrIrO3 films grown on SmScO3 and NdScO3 substrates reveal a substantial enhancement of the magnetic transition temperature up to ∼110 K, demonstrating effective modulation of magnetic ordering. Moreover, first-principles calculations show that the monoclinic distortion facilitates the stabilization of a magnetic ground state. Our work establishes tensile strain and lattice distortion as key ingredients for realizing emergent magnetism in 5d transition metal oxides.

Altermagnets, a new class of collinear antiferromagnets, exhibit momentum-dependent spin splitting and offer compelling advantages for antiferromagnetic spintronics. However, the magnetic order is intrinsically difficult to read out, which hinders practical applications. We propose finite-momentum circular phonon dichroism as a direct probe of Néel vector in two-dimensional d-wave altermagnets. Combining Onsager reciprocity with C_2z lattice symmetry, we find that the dichroic signal reverses sign when the Néel vector is flipped for the in-plane phonon wave vectors. Moreover, a channel-resolved decomposition identifies the circular phonon dichroism originates from the interband coherent transitions. Representative finite-momentum cuts show pronounced dichroic asymmetric ratio, with |η_CPD|=37.3%. Our work reveals that the circular-ultrasound absorption acts as a direct probe of the Néel vector of d-wave altermagnets.

The in-plane anomalous Hall effect (IPAHE) with planar Hall current and magnetization/magnetic fields in various quantum materials has received increasing attention. Most of the current efforts are devoted to the intrinsic part due to the Berry curvature of electronic bands, however, how disorder scattering affects the extrinsic part (the skew scattering and side jump) remains largely elusive. Here we theoretically investigate the three universal classes of disorder scattering (scalar, spin-conserving, and spin-flipping) for the IPAHE, based on the prototypical two-dimensional massive Dirac fermion model with warping term under generic Zeeman fields. We find that the different disorder scattering results in a distinct dependence of the anomalous Hall conductivity on disorder strength, and we recover previously known results within some limits. Remarkably, the spin-flipping scattering could give rise to nontrivial contributions featuring sinusoidal oscillations with periods of pi and 2 pi to the extrinsic part, in contrast to the standard two-dimensional massive Dirac fermions. Our work unveils the rich features of anomalous transport in planar Hall geometry in the presence of disorder scattering and provides some useful insights into the magnetotransport phenomena.

Multipole moments, fundamental characteristics of insulating materials, have garnered significant interest with the recent emergence of higher-order topological insulators. However, a practical method to explore them in correlated insulators is still lacking. Here, we introduce a systematic approach, which combines the general Green's function formula for multipoles with real-space dynamical mean-field theory, to calculate multipole moments in correlated materials. Our demonstration calculations for the correlated two-dimensional Benalcazar-Bernevig-Hughes model are consistent with symmetry analysis. This method opens a new avenue to study topological phase transitions in correlated multipole insulators and other crucial physical quantities closely related to multipole moments.

We find that the Berry curvature splits the edge plasmons propagating along the opposite directions in quantum anomalous Hall insulators even with vanishing Chern number. When the bulk is insulating, a single unidirectional edge plasmon survives and becomes acoustic in the long-wavelength limit, which coincides with recent experiments. The group velocity of the chiral edge plasmon would change its sign for a large wave vector and exhibit the unusual negative dispersion, which originates from the k2 correction to the effective mass. The impacts of the Fermi level and the wave vector on the bulk and edge plasmons are discussed. Our work provides a very quantitative explanation of the recent observation of the chiral edge plasmon in quantum anomalous Hall insulators and some insight into the application of realistic topological materials in chiral plasmonics.

The quantum anomalous Hall insulator is characterized by a quantized Hall resistance plateau of h/(Ce2) with C being the Chern number. Previously, high-Chern-number insulators with C 2 that intrinsically suppress the energy dissipation in quantized electrical transport have been realized in few-layer MnBi2Te4 nanoflakes under moderate magnetic fields or in Cr-doped topological insulators at extremely low temperatures. It has nevertheless proven elusive to achieve a high-temperature high-Chern-number insulator at zero magnetic field. Here, we demonstrate that the magnetic state in MnBi4Te7 nanoflakes can be consecutively tuned from an antiferromagnetic (AFM) state to an AFM-ferromagnetic (FM) coexistence state, and finally to a robust ferromagnetic (FM) state with large coercivities at temperatures up to 3 K via a protonic gate. This AFM-FM phase transition is well captured by density functional theory simulations that the FM state develops in MnBi4Te7 under hole doping. Notably, we find that the Chern number of FM MnBi4Te7 can be largely tuned not merely by the Zeeman field but also by the sample thickness. Our work demonstrates that gate-tuned MnBi4Te7 nanoflakes hold high potentials for realizing a high-temperature high-Chern-number insulator at zero magnetic field and promising applications in the field of low-energy electronics.

The quantum geometry tensor, intrinsic geometric characteristics of electronic states, plays a crucial role in the various nontrivial electromagnetic phenomena in quantum materials. Here, we reveal that quantum geometry significantly modifies phonon dichroisms through electron-phonon interactions in solids that break time-reversal and spatial inversion symmetries. Specifically, the circular phonon dichroism is primarily dominated by the heat magnetic moments, while the linear phonon dichroism depends on the heat Drude weight, a thermal analog of band Drude weight. Furthermore, we establish the f-sum rule for the heat magnetic moment that facilitates its experimental detections. We demonstrate our key findings in an archetypal model system: ferromagnetic two-dimensional electron gases with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. Our work uncovers the quantum-geometric origin of common phonon dichroisms and predicts the detectable signature of the heat magnetic moment of electrons in solids.

Introduction:Due to their comorbidities and frequent exposure to healthcare settings, patients undergoing dialysis are at a high risk of developing severe COVID - 19. However, there are no customized vaccination guidelines for this group in China. This study had two aims: to systematically evaluate the current status of COVID - 19 vaccination among Chinese dialysis patients and to offer a basis for policy - making and further research. Methods:This study was conducted across all provinces in mainland China using the stratified randomization method. Electronic questionnaires were distributed to patients undergoing dialysis. Results:Conducted as a national cross - sectional study from May to July 2022, it involved 131,149 dialysis patients from 2,865 centers. The study examined vaccination coverage, the barriers to vaccination, and the safety of vaccines. Only 21.0% received ≥1 vaccine dose, predominantly inactivated vaccines (84.5%). Adverse reactions occurred in 19.0%, with higher rates for adenovirus vector vaccines (27.3%) than for recombinant protein (19.4%) and inactivated vaccines (18.5%, P < 0.001). Among unvaccinated patients, 53.5% faced institutional barriers (e.g., site refusal or lack of recommendations), while 88.7% had no contraindications. Older age (OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.28-1.36), female gender (OR = 1.18, 1.14-1.22), and hemodialysis (OR = 1.12, 1.06-1.19) predicted non-vaccination. Conclusion:In general, this study highlights critical barriers to COVID-19 vaccination in dialysis patients: guideline gaps, patient hesitation, and non-specific vaccination settings. Recommendations include updating guidelines to prioritize this population, training non-specialized staff, and launching dialysis center-based vaccination programs. Future research should investigate vaccine immunogenicity in dialysis patients to refine booster strategies.

Van Hove singularities (VHSs) play a critical role in determining the properties of topological and correlated electronic states. Their associated excitations offer unique opportunities for exploring light-matter interactions reshaped by these correlated states, although experimental observations remain limited. Here, we studied the interaction between plasmons and VHS-related excitations in kagome metal CsV3Sb5 films via far-field absorption spectroscopy. Notably, an anticrossing phenomenon was observed in the charge density wave states, with coupling strength approaching the strong coupling regime, indicating the formation of dispersive hybrid VHS interband plasmons. These modes are closely correlated to charge ordering states, with both the fitted coupling strength and the universal screening length of interband transitions exhibiting pronounced anomalies at the transition temperature. Our findings offer critical insights into the role of correlated electronic states in modulating plasmon behavior in kagome metals and unveil promising possibilities for tuning light-matter interactions in correlated materials.

Background:Residual renal function (RRF) plays a critical role in quality of life and survival in hemodialysis (HD) patients but characteristically declines after the initiation of HD. Owing to incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology underlying RRF decline, protective strategies remain limited. The aim of this study was to explore the dynamic changes of renal perfusion in incident HD patients with preserved RRF during dialysis sessions and to provide new strategies for RRF preservation. Methods:This prospective cohort study enrolled 30 incident HD patients with preserved RRF. Renal perfusion was serially assessed using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) at three time points during the HD session: pre-dialysis baseline, intradialytic phase (3 h post-initiation), and post-dialysis recovery phase (15 min after session completion). Renal perfusion was quantified using the CEUS-assessed perfusion index (PI). The primary outcome measure was the PI. Results:During hemodialysis sessions, the PI as a surrogate marker of renal perfusion decreased by 17.53% (P < 0.001), which exhibited a negative correlation with ultrafiltration (UF) rates (Spearman's r = -0.770, P < 0.001), but not with other variables such as sex, age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hemoglobin, or albumin levels. Conclusion:This study demonstrates that incident HD patients experience an acute decrease in renal perfusion during hemodialysis, which is negatively correlated with mean UF rates. This finding may represent a crucial step toward elucidating the pathophysiology of hemodialysis-mediated RRF decline. Clinical trial registration:clinicaltrials.gov, identifier (NCT07003828).

Fourfold anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) have been widely observed in quantum materials, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we find, in a variety of three-dimensional Dirac materials that can be unifiedly described by the massive Dirac equation, the intrinsic orbital magnetic moment of electrons vary synchronously with the magnetic field and give rise to a {\pi} periodic correction to its velocity, further leading to unusual fourfold AMR, dubbed intrinsic orbital fourfold AMR. Our theory not only explains the observation of fourfold AMR in bismuth but also uncovers the nature of the dominant fourfold AMR in thin films of antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4, which arises from the near cancellation of the twofold AMR from the surface states and bulk states due to distinct spin-momentum lockings. Our work provides a new mechanism for creation and manipulation of intrinsic fourfold AMR in both conventional conductors and various topological insulators.

Differentiating between diabetic nephropathy (DN) and non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) without a kidney biopsy remains a major challenge, often leading to missed opportunities for targeted treatments that could greatly improve NDRD outcomes. To reform the traditional biopsy-all diagnostic paradigm and avoid unnecessary biopsy, we developed a transformer-based deep learning (DL) system for detecting DN and NDRD upon non-invasive multi-modal data of fundus images and clinical characteristics. Our Trans-MUF achieved an AUC of 0.980 (95% CI: 0.979 to 0.980) over the internal retrospective set and also had superior generalizability over a prospective dataset (AUC: 0.989, 95% CI: 0.987 to 0.990) and a multicenter, cross-machine and multi-operator dataset (AUC: 0.932, 95% CI: 0.931 to 0.939). Moreover, the nephrologists‘ diagnosis accuracy can be improved by 21%, through visualization assistance of the DL system. This paper lays a foundation for automatically differentiating DN and NDRD without biopsy. (Registry name: Correlation Study Between Clinical Phenotype and Pathology of Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy. ID: NCT03865914. Date: 2017-11-30).

In Landau's celebrated Fermi liquid theory, electrons in a metal obey the Wiedemann-Franz law at the lowest temperatures. This law states that electron heat and charge transport are linked by a constant L0, i.e., the Sommerfeld value of the Lorenz number (L). Such relation can be violated at elevated temperatures where the abundant inelastic scattering leads to a reduction of the Lorenz number (L < L0). Here, we report a rare case of remarkably enhanced Lorenz number (L > L0) discovered in the magnetic topological semimetal NdAlSi. Measurements of the transverse electrical and thermal transport coefficients reveal that the Hall Lorenz number Lxy in NdAlSi starts to deviate from the canonical value far above its magnetic ordering temperature. Moreover, Lxy displays strong nonmonotonic temperature and field dependence, reaching its maximum value close to 2L0 in an intermediate parameter range. Further analysis excludes charge-neutral excitations as the origin of enhanced Lxy. Alternatively, we attribute it to the Kondo-type elastic scattering off localized 4f electrons, which creates a peculiar energy distribution of the quasiparticle relaxation time. Our results provide insights into the perplexing transport phenomena caused by the interplay between charge and spin degrees of freedom.

Negative longitudinal magnetoresistivity (nLMR) induced by the chiral anomaly together with the weak antilocalization (WAL) due to the quantum interference can be regarded as remarkable magnetotransport signatures for three-dimension (3D) topological semimetals. Here, we report the observation of high-temperature competition between the chiral anomaly and WAL by magnetotransport measurements on high-quality Cd3As2 nanoplates under parallel electromagnetic fields. We find that, the WAL dominates the magnetotransport in the weak magnetic fields, which decreases gradually and ultimately vanishes at a critical temperature Tc. In contrast, the chiral anomaly is robust against temperature and can survive up to room temperature. This competition between the chiral anomaly and WAL can be understood in terms of Berry phase, accompanying with the low carrier density in Cd3As2 nanoplates. Our work would offer a better understanding of magnetotransport properties governed by Berry phase and the nature of electronic states in topological semimetals.

IntroductionThe impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients in China is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate infection status in a DKD cohort post-renal biopsy and analyze vaccination and infection rates, as well as symptom severity, across various renal pathologies in DKD patients.MethodsThis epidemiological survey, centered on COVID-19, employed a Chinese DKD and renal puncture follow-up cohort. A customized questionnaire enabled standardized data gathering. It collected data on clinical characteristics, vaccination and infection statuses, and diverse pathological types. The study analyzed the relationship between vaccination and infection statuses across various pathological types, evaluating characteristics and treatment outcomes in patients with infections.ResultsIn total, 437 patients with DKD from 26 Chinese provinces were followed up for a median of 44.6 ± 20 months. COVID-19 infection, vaccination, and novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) rates were 73.68%, 59.3%, and 6.63%, respectively. Ten patients with NCP had severe pneumonia or died of COVID-19. Renal pathology revealed that 167 (38.22%) patients had diabetic nephropathy (DN), 171 (39.13%) had non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD), and 99 had DN and NDRD (22.65%). The DN group had the lowest vaccination (54.5%), highest all-cause mortality (3.6%), and highest endpoint rates (34.10%). Compared to patients who were not vaccinated pre-infection (117 cases), vaccinated patients (198 cases) had reduced NCP (6.6% vs. 13.7%), severity (1.0% vs. 3.4%), and endpoint (9.10% vs. 31.60%) rates.ConclusionVaccination can prevent infection and diminish COVID-19 severity in patients with DKD; therefore, increasing vaccination rates is particularly important.Clinical Trial registrationClinicalTrails.gov, NCT05888909.

Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are common microvascular complications of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between retinal vascular geometric parameters and pathologically diagnosed type 2 DN and to determine the capacity of retinal vascular geometric parameters in differentiating DN from non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD). Methods The study participants were adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease who underwent a renal biopsy. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between retinal vessel geometry parameters and pathologically diagnosed DN. Multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed to establish a differential diagnostic model for DN. Results In total, 403 patients were examined in this cross-sectional study, including 152 (37.7%) with DN, 157 (39.0%) with NDRD and 94 (23.3%) with DN combined with NDRD. After univariate logistic regression, total vessel fractal dimension, arteriolar fractal dimension and venular fractal dimension were all found to be associated with DN. In multivariate analyses adjusting for age, sex, blood pressure, diabetes, DR and other factors, smaller retinal vascular fractal dimensions were significantly associated with DN (P < .05). We developed a differential diagnostic model for DN combining traditional clinical indicators and retinal vascular geometric parameters. The area under the curve of the model established by multivariate logistic regression was 0.930. Conclusions Retinal vessel fractal dimension is of great significance for the rapid and non-invasive differentiation of DN. Incorporating retinal vessel fractal dimension into the diagnostic model for DN and NDRD can improve the diagnostic efficiency. {Graphical Abstract}

Kagome materials have recently drawn great attention due to the interplay between nontrivial band topology, electron correlations, and Van Hove singularities related many-body orders. Here we report three new vanadium-based kagome metals, TiV6Sn6, ZrV6Sn6, and HfV6Sn6, and conduct a comprehensive investigation of their structural, magnetic, and electrical transport properties. All three compounds exhibit large unsaturated magnetoresistances and multiband Hall effects at low temperatures, indicating the existence of multiple highly mobile carriers. Both the diagonal and off-diagonal resistivity show quantum oscillations with nontrivial Berry phases and high quantum mobilities. First-principles calculations together with quantum oscillation analyses suggest the Van Hove singularities at the M point for the three compounds all located in close vicinity of the Fermi level, and there also exist multiple topological nontrivial band crossings, including a nodal ring and a massive Dirac cone. Our work extends the kagome AM6X6 family and paves the way for searching possible Van Hove physics in the V kagome lattice.