Gas electron multipliers (GEMs) with wire (WGEMs) or metal electrodes (MGEMs), which don’t use any plastic insulators between electrodes are created. The chambers containing MGEMs (WGEMs) with pin-anodes are proposed as detectors for searching of spin-dependent interactions between Dark Matter (DM) particles and gases with nonzero-spin nuclei (H2, D2, 3He, 21Ne, CF4, CH4, etc.). In this paper, we present a review of such chambers. For investigation of the gas mixtures Ne+10%H2, H2 (D2) +3ppmTMAE, the chamber containing WGEM with pin-anode detection system was constructed. In this paper we present the results of an experimental study of these gaseous mixtures exited by an α - source. Mixture of Ar + 40 ppm C2H4 and mixture 50% Xe + 50%CF4 have been investigated. The spatial distributions of photoelectron clouds produced by primary scintillations on α- and β-particle tracks, as well as the distributions of photoelectron clouds due to photons from avalanches at the pin-anode, have been measured for the first time. In our experiments as another filling of the chambers for search of low-mas WIMP (<10 GeV/c2), solar neutrino and solar axions with spin-dependent interaction we propose to use the mixtures: D2 + 3ppmTMAE, 3He + 3%CH4, 21Ne + 10%H2, at pressure 10-17 bar. And in our experiment with liquid gases is used the mixtures with 19F (LAr + CF4, LXe + CF4) and mixture LCH4 + 40ppm TMAE. The time projection chamber (TPC) with the mixture D2 + 3ppmTMAE filling allow to search of spin-dependent interactions of solar axions and deuterium. As well as we present the detecting systems for search of narrow pp-resonances (quarks) in accelerators experiments.

In this research, we presented the method of inhalation therapy with noble gas micro-doses and results of clinical studies in hospital of Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). We have designed a device that allows dosed injection of noble gas with a volume of about 2-4 ml with peroxide vapors into the nasal cavity. After testing on the authors of the project and obtaining a positive impact of xenon and krypton, a study was conducted on a group of conditionally healthy volunteers in the amount of 20 people. We have noted a positive effect from 18 people. And also, in this article we briefly described the methods and devices that are used for inhalation therapy with mixtures of noble gases with oxygen. Keywords: noble gases, oxygen, inhalation therapy, device, respiratory apparatus, aerosols, COVID-19 pneumonia.

A chamber for direct detection of WIMPs with masses < 10 GeV/c2 and solar axions is developed. The chamber is filled with a gas mixture of H2 +3ppm TMAE (1,5,10 bar), or D2 + 3ppm TMAE. These gas fillings make it possible to suppress an electron background. For detection of events, the system GEM+pin-anode with a multiplication coefficient of about 10E+05 is constructed.

The chamber for direct detection of WIMP with mass < 10 Gev/c 2 and axions, emitted from the Sun was developed.The chamber is filled with gas mixture H 2 +3ppm TMAE (1,5,10 bar), or D 2 + 3ppmTMAE.These gas fillings allow to suppress the electron background.For detecting of events is used the system GEM+pin-anode with coefficient multiplication about 10 5 .In experiment it is necessary to search the early or daily modulation effects.

The chamber for direct detection of WIMP with mass <0.5 Gev/c2 was developed. The chamber is filled with gas mixture Ne+10%H2 (0-1bar)+0,15ppm Ge(CH3)4. For events detection used GEM+pin-anodes , which provides the energy threshold about eV. The electron background is suppressed owing to photosensitive addition Ge(CH3)4 . It is proposed also for direct detection of WIMP the liquid argon chamber with H2 dissolved in liquid argon at a concentration 100ppm+0,015ppm Ge(CH3)4 .

Mixtures of Ar + 40 ppm C2H4 and 50% Xe + 50%CF4 have been investigated. The spatial distributions of photoelectron clouds produced by primary scintillations on α- and β-particle tracks, as well as the distributions of photoelectron clouds due to photons from avalanches at the pin anode, have been measured for the first time. For a mixture of 50% Xe + 50%CF4, it has been shown for the first time that CF4 is a photosensitive dopant in a mixture with Xe. For a mixture of Xe + CF4 (1: 1), the maximum electron multiplication factors at the pin anode are K(β)max = 3 × 104 and K(α)max = 3 × 103 at a pressure of 1 atm (abs.) and K(β)max = 104 and K(α)max = 4 × 103 at a pressure of 10 atm (abs.)

A novel experiment for direct searches of Dark Matter with a liquid argon double-phase chamber with a mass of liquid Ar up to 10 4 tons is proposed. To suppress the β-, γ- and n 0- backgrounds, the comparison of scintillation and ionization signals for every event is suggested. The addition to liquid Ar of photosensitive Ge(CH 3 ) 4 (0.15ppm) and the suppression of the triplet component of the scintillation signals by the addition of 100ppm of Xe ensures the detection of scintillation signals with 50% efficiency and provides a complete suppression of the electron background. Highly stable and reliable GEM detectors with pin-anodes are developed for the detection of photoelectrons and the bump of ionization electrons.

Multichannel wire gas electron multipliers in combination with pin anodes are proposed for detection of events in the gas phase of a double-phase argon chamber. Hydrogen with a concentration of 10 vol % is added to argon to eliminate feedbacks by photons emitted by excited argon molecules in avalanche development processes while detecting events in the argon gas. A maximum electron multiplication coefficient of ∼300 has been obtained for the multichannel wire gas electron multipliers with a 1-mm gap used to detect α particles in the Ar + 10% H2 mixture at a pressure of 1 atm (abs.). When a pin anode is used, the maximum electron multiplication factor is ∼2.5 × 105 for α particles and 3 × 106 for β particles (63Ni). It has been experimentally shown that adding H2 with a concentration of 100 ppm to liquid argon has no effect on the singlet component of the scintillation signal in the liquid argon and reduces the emission efficiency relative to the pure argon gas phase only slightly (by 20%).

Results of studying multichannel gas electron multipliers with 1-mm-thick metal electrodes, perforated over the entire working area by 1-mm-diameter holes with a 1.5-mm distance between them, and a 3-mm gap between the electrodes are described. The influence of N2 and H2O microadditives on operation of the neon-filled multiplier is studied. When β particles (63Ni) were detected, the maximal proportional electron multiplication factor in neon under pressure of 1 atm (abs.) with quenching additives of (H2O + N2) ≈ 100 mln−1, equal to K mlt cmpl = 3 × 104, is obtained.

A wire GEM (WGEM) detector with a gas gap between meshes was constructed. The detector provides the amplification 5x10E5 for the gas mixture of Ar +20% CO2 at atmospheric pressure. As compared with well-known GEM detectors produced by perforation the plastic plate metalized on both sides the WGEM does not suffer from breakdowns between its electrodes and the effect of accumulation of charges on holes walls is absent. As a result the WGEM has high reliability and stability.

The operation of multichannel wire gas electron multipliers (MWGEMs) with gaps between electrodes δ = 1 and 3 mm, when the chamber is filled with commercial neon under a 0.4- and 1.0-atm (abs.) pressure and irradiated with α and β particles, is studied. The following maximal proportional electron multiplication coefficients are obtained: 6 × 10 3 (α, irradiation, δ = 3 mm, 1 atm, and 20% streamers), 1.2 × 10 4 (β − , 3 mm, 1 atm, and 50% streamers), 6 × 10 3 (α, 3 mm, 0.4 atm, and 20% streamers), and 10 5 (β − , 3 mm, 0.4 atm, and 50% streamers). The maximal proportional electron multiplication coefficients are obtained in the MWGEM and its anode (induction) gap in the sequential electron multiplication mode: 1.08 × 10 5 (β − , 1 mm, 0.4 atm, 50% streamers), 2 × 10 6 (β − , 3 mm, 0.4 atm, 20% streamers), and 1.12 × 10 5 (α, 3 mm, 0.4 atm, 50% streamers).

The narcosis respiratory apparatus "Polinarkon-5" with additional control devises is used for patients treatment by noble gases with oxygen mixtures. The Xe(2 mixtures improve the immune system (mainly through capillary blood stream improvement). The Ar + O2 mixtures restore the sexual system. The Kr + O2 mixtures improve the immune system. The He + O2 -mixtures are used for treating the patients with respiratory insufficiency (pneumonia, bronchial asthma and so on). The multipurpose respiratory apparatus was developed for these aims.