Aim Most studies on pregnant women focus on analyzing individual microbial species at specific body sites. This study aims to explore the characteristics, functions, and microbial networks of the oral, placental, and gut microbiota in healthy pregnant women. Methods A total of 23 healthy pregnant women were enrolled in this study. We analyzed the microbial composition, functional profiles, and microbial networks of the oral, placental, and gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Our findings revealed significant differences in microbial composition across these three sites. The placental microbiota contained a relatively high proportion of low-abundance microorganisms, which were more diverse and evenly distributed compared to the gut and oral microbiota. The microbial composition at each site displayed distinct characteristics, likely influenced by environmental, physiological, and biological factors. The placental microbiota exhibited a complex network of tightly interconnected genera, whereas the gut microbiota showed sparser connections, with fewer closely related genera compared to the placental and oral microbiota. Functional differences were also observed among the three microbiota, with each playing a unique role in maintaining host health and metabolic balance. While the oral and gut microbiota shared functional similarities, the placental microbiota exhibited distinct functional characteristics. Conclusions This study provides valuable insights into the microbial communities of healthy pregnant women, offering important data for microbiological research during pregnancy and laying the foundation for future investigations into the roles of these microbial communities in maternal health.

Background The concerted regulation of placenta microbiota and the immune responses secures the occurrence and development of pregnancy, while few studies reported this correlation. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the placenta microbiota and immune regulation during pregnancy. Methods Twenty-six healthy pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean section in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Placenta and peripheral venous blood samples were collected. Microbiota in placental tissue was detected using high-throughput sequencing. Flow cytometry was used to detect immune cells in placental tissue and peripheral venous blood. ELISA and Luminex liquid chip technology were used to detect the content of cytokines in placental tissue and peripheral venous blood, respectively. Results The placental microbiota has stimulating effects on the local immunity of the placenta and mainly stimulates the placental balance ratio CD56 + CD16 + /CD56 + CD16 and the placental macrophages, that is, it plays the role of immune protection and supporting nutrition. The stimulating effect of placental microbiota on maternal systemic immunity mainly induces peripheral Treg cells and B lymphocytes. Conclusion The placental microbiota may be an important factor mediating local immune regulation in the placenta, and placental microbiota participates in the regulatory function of the maternal immune system.

AimThis study aims to investigate the correlation between gut microbiota and both placental local immune function and the maternal systemic immune system in pregnant women.MethodsTwenty-six pregnant women were included in this study, utilizing high-throughput sequencing for gut microbiota analysis. Immune cells and cytokine levels were measured in placental tissue and peripheral venous blood. Integration of gut microbiota data with immune parameters was performed using R, and network correlation analysis was conducted with Cytoscape software.ResultsIn placental tissues, gut microbiota predominantly influences B lymphocytes (CD3-CD19+/CD3-), indicating a potential bidirectional regulatory role. The impact on CD56+CD16+/CD56+CD16- and CD4+/CD8+ ratios appear minor. Notably, a significant positive correlation was observed between gut microbiota and the placental cytokine interleukin (IL)-5. In peripheral blood, gut microbiota was primarily associated with negative regulation of peripheral B lymphocytes and positive regulation of peripheral Treg cells. Minimal effects are observed on peripheral macrophages and NK cell subtypes. The most substantial impact on peripheral immune balance was reflected in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, showing a predominant negative correlation, while the influence on the CD56+CD16+/CD56+CD16- ratio is minimal. A significant negative correlation was found between gut microbiota and peripheral cytokines IL-1 and IL-18, while the interaction with the peripheral interferon-gamma/IL-4 ratio appears relatively less pronounced.ConclusionsThe close correlation between gut microbiota and placental local immune function, as well as maternal systemic immune responses, is evident. This study contributes to a preliminary understanding of the immunomodulatory relationship of gut microbiota during pregnancy.

The effects of probiotics on the gut microbiota in maternal mice-fed high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy and offspring are still unknown. We aimed to evaluate the effect of high-fat diet and probiotic supplementation on the gut microbiota of maternal mice at term pregnancy and offspring at three-week postpartum. Female pregnant Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups: mice on a control diet (MC), mice on HFD (MHF), mice on a control diet and probiotics (MCP), and mice on HFD and probiotics (MHFP). The result showed that MHF had significantly reduced Bacteroidetes and Muribaculaceae ( P < 0.05) and increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio vs. MC. Lachnospiraceae _NK4A136_group and Alistipes reduced ( P < 0.05), and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio significantly increased in MCP vs. MC. There was no significant difference between MHF and MHFP. Higher levels of Prevotella , Prevotellaceae , and Streptococcaceae were found in mice offspring on HFD (OHF) vs. mice offspring on a control diet (OC) ( P < 0.05, respectively). Bacteroidia, Bacteroidota, Bacteroidales, and Muribaculaceae decreased markedly in mice offspring on a control diet and probiotics (OCP) vs. OC ( P < 0.05, respectively), while Firmicutes, Lactobacillales, Lactobacillaceae , and Lactobacillus significantly increased in OCP ( P < 0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference between the OHF and mice offspring on HFD and probiotics (OHFP). The findings suggest that the gut microbial composition of pregnant mice and offspring were altered to some extent due to HFD or probiotic intervention. Further, maternal mice on HFD and offspring were less affected by probiotic supplementation.

Background Diet and exercise can affect the gut microbiota (GM); however, the effects of the same amount of exercise on gut microbiota changes in people on a low-fat diet (LFD) and high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy are unknown. Do different nutritional conditions respond equally to exercise intervention? This study aimed to investigate the effects of regular maternal exercise during pregnancy on the GM in mice fed different diets during pregnancy. Methods Six-week-old nulliparous female KunMing mice were fed either a HFD or LFD before and during pregnancy. Each group of mice were then randomly divided into two groups upon confirmation of pregnancy: sedentary (HFD or LFD; n = 4 and 5, respectively) and exercised (HFDex or LFDex, n = 5 and 6, respectively). Mice were sacrificed on day 19 of gestation and their colon contents were collected. We then performed 16S rDNA gene sequencing of the V3 and V4 regions of the GM. Results The pregnancy success rate was 60% for LFDex and 100% for HFDex. Both Chao1 and Simpson indices were not significantly different for either LFD vs. LFDex or HFD vs. HFDex. Desulfobacterota, Desulfovibrionia Desulfovibrionales, Desulfovibrionaceae, Desulfovibrio, Coriobacteriia, Coriobacteriales, and Eggerthellaceae were markedly decreased after exercise intervention in LFDex vs. LFD, whereas Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriales, Bifidobacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium, and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum were significantly increased in LFDex vs. LFD. Furthermore, decreased Peptostreptococcales-Tissierellales and Peptostreptococcaceae and increased Bacteroides dorei were identified in the HFDex vs. HFD group. p_Desulfobacterota, c_Desulfovibrionia, o_Desulfovibrionales, f_Desulfovibrionaceae and g_Desulfovibrio were markedly decreased in the LFDex group vs. HFDex group. Conclusions Our data suggested that quantitative maternal exercise during pregnancy resulted in alterations in GM composition, but did not significantly change the diversity of the GM. These findings may have important implications when considering an individual’s overall diet when recommending exercise during pregnancy.

Purpose To investigate the effect of orally supplemented probiotic on term placental microbiota and provide possible evidences for clinical management of pregnant women. Methods A population-based cohort of specimens were collected from 37 healthy nulliparous pregnant women who underwent systemic examination. The pregnant women were divided randomly into probiotics group and control group. We collected placental specimens during spontaneous delivery at term. The placental samples were taken for analyzing microbiome with the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of V4 region. Results There were no significant differences between two groups in clinical characteristics. The placental microbiota from normal vaginal delivery were composed of Bacteroides , Lactobacillus and Ralstonia . The relative abundant of Prevotella_9, Faecalibacterium , and Escherichia_Shigella etc. in probiotic group was significantly higher than that control group(p<0.05). Probiotics supplementation could affect the network structure of placental microbiota. Conclusions The characteristics of the placental microbiome changed after probiotics supplementation and the network structure of interaction tended to be loose. The probiotic supplementation may be useful in regulating the interaction network of placental microbiota.

Background Probiotic supplementation has been shown to be beneficial and is now widely promoted as an auxiliary medicine for maternal health, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to explore the effects of probiotic supplementation on the placental autophagy-related proteins LC3 and Beclin1. Method A population-based cohort of specimens was collected under sterile conditions from 37 healthy nulliparous pregnant women who underwent systemic examination and delivered at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Guangzhou, China). At 32 weeks of gestation, the pregnant women in the probiotic group were orally supplemented with golden bifid, and the pregnant women in the control group received no probiotic. Pregnant women with pregnancy-associated complications were excluded in the follow-up period, and 25 pregnant women undergoing spontaneous delivery were enrolled. The placental tissue specimens were collected at term. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression, and qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of the placental autophagy-related proteins LC3 and Beclin1. Results ①There was no significant difference in the expression levels of either LC3 or Beclin1 protein between the two groups ( P > 0.05). ②Probiotic supplementation induced a modest but not significant decrease in the content of LC3-mRNA with a significant decrease in the content of Beclin1-mRNA ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Our study indicates that probiotic supplementation may reduce Beclin1-mRNA levels.

BACKGROUND:The influence of different delivery modes on the mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rate of pregnant women with high hepatitis B viremia was investigated. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed on data for 855 hepatitis- B -virus (HBV) carrier mothers who received regular prenatal care and delivered at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from January 2011 to October 2015. The neonates were classified into three groups according to the delivery mode: eutocia (438 cases), Non-parturient cesarean delivery (371 cases), and parturient cesarean delivery (46 cases). The neonatal HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) positive rates of the three delivery groups were comparatively analyzed to determine the influence of the delivery mode on HBV MTCT. Of the 855 HBV-carrier mothers, 480 mothers and respective newborns were tested for HBV-DNA and classified into four groups: HBV DNA≥107 copies/mL (96 cases), 105≤HBV DNA<107 copies/mL (37 cases), 103≤HBV DNA<105 copies/mL (85 cases), and HBV DNA<103 copies/mL (262 cases). The effect of the HBV DNA titers of these pregnant women on HBV MTCT was analyzed. RESULTS:Statistically significant (P<0.05) differences were found among the HBsAg positive rates of neonates of HBV-carrier pregnant women delivered by the three methods from HBV-carrier pregnant women with HBV DNA≥107 copies/mL. No statistically significant (P>0.05) differences among the HBsAg positive rates were found for neonates delivered by the three methods from HBV-carrier pregnant women with HBV DNA<107 copies/mL. CONCLUSIONS:The delivery mode may influence the risk of HBV maternal-to-infant vertical transmission for HBV-carrier pregnant women with HBV DNA≥107 copies/mL. That is, elective cesarean section may reduce the HBV maternal-to-infant vertical transmission.

The consumption of probiotics and fermented foods has been very popular in recent decades. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of probiotics on the gut microbiota and the changes in inflammatory cytokines after an average of 6.7 weeks of probiotic administration among normal pregnant women. Thirty-two healthy pregnant women at 32 weeks of gestation were recruited and divided into two groups. The probiotic group ingested combined probiotics until after birth. The base characteristics of the probiotics and control groups showed no significant differences. The structure of the fecal microbiota at the genus level varied during the third trimester, and administration of probiotics had no influence on the composition of the fecal microbiota however, many highly abundant taxa and core microbiota at the genus level changed in the probiotic group when compared to the control group. The analysis of cytokines showed that IL-5, IL-6, TNF-α, and GM-CSF had equal levels between the baseline and control groups but were significantly increased after probiotic administration (baseline = control < probiotics). Additionally, levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ significantly increased among the three groups (baseline < control < probiotics). This result demonstrated that probiotics helped to shift the anti-inflammatory state to a pro-inflammatory state. The correlation analysis outcome suggested that the relationship between the microbiota and the cytokines was not strain-dependent. The gut microbiota varied during the third trimester. The probiotics demonstrated immunomodulation effects that helped to switch over to a pro-inflammatory immune state in the third trimester, which was important for labor.

针对地方应用型普通高等院校校企合作实践培养环节,以闽江学院应用化学专业校外实习基地平台建设为例,对该实习基地的实习模式、课程开发和考核管理等工作进行了分析,对闽江学院和福州一化之间校企产学研合作,共建实习实训平台的建设成效进行了总结.在市场经济环境下,对高校和企业之间如何开展产学研合作,地方高校如何进行校外实习基地的建设和实习教学的改革,进行了一些有益的探讨.

AimTo explore whether WeChat platform-based treatment of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) reduces the risk of perinatal complications and explore factors affecting gestational age at delivery. MethodsPregnant women with GDM (n = 107) and normal glucose tolerance (n =50, group C) according to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results during gestational weeks 24-28 were included. Women with GDM were divided into groups A (n =57) and B (n =50) according to informed consent. According to GDM treatment norms, group B was given routine outpatient treatment and health education guidance. In addition to the interventions in group B, group A was given access to both a smartphone-based telemedicine system and articles providing continuous health education. The PBG level in groups A and B was compared, as were differences in maternal and fetal outcomes. Data were analyzed by t-test, analysis of variance (anova), chi-square test and multiple linear regression, with P < 0.05 considered significant. ResultsFasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2-h postprandial blood glucose (PBG) were significantly lower and premature delivery was significantly less likely in group A than in group B (all P < 0.05). Compared with group B, caesarean section was more likely in group A (P < 0.05). Pregnancy-induced hypertension had a higher incidence in group B than in group C (P < 0.05). Gestational age at delivery was associated with OGTT2h, premature fetal membrane rupture and self-monitoring of blood glucose. ConclusionGDM treatment based on the WeChat platform effectively reduces FBG and 2-h PBG and may improve pregnancy outcomes. However, 1-h PBG was not affected by treatment. Obstetricians should consider the OGTT2h value to increase gestational age at delivery.

实验考查了高湿热环境下体育锻炼对人体汗液中矿物盐流失的影响.试验结果表明,在高湿热环境下进行10天左右的体育锻炼能明显提高了人体热负荷的耐受能力(热习服).汗液中矿物盐元素只有锌的浓度增加了12.2％,其它元素在汗液中浓度均呈下降变化,其中K降低了27.6％,Na降低了36.7％,Ca降低了28.6％、Mg降低了42.8％,Cu降低29.9％、Fe降低12.1％.热习服后可以大大减少汗液中矿物元素的流失.

以闽江学院应用化学专业为例,对该专业实习现状进行了分析与思考.在市场经济环境下,高校和企业之间如何开展产学研合作,如何进行实习基地的建设和实习教学的改革,进行了一些有益的探讨.

Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal’s standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript or any consequences arising from the use of any information it contains. Accepted Manuscript Journal of Materials Chemistry B

Ordered mesoporous indium dioxide (m-In2O3)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites (m-In2O3-RGO) were prepared by a facile UV-assisted photoreduction method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by N-2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photocurrent techniques. Photocatalytic properties of m-In2O3-RGO nanocomposite were studied under different conditions by using 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) as target pollutant under visible light irradiation. The results indicate that m-In2O3-RGO nanocomposite equip with high crystallinity and continuous pore channels, which provide a short distance for photogenerated charge carriers transfer. Simultaneously, RGO acts herein as a solid-state electron mediator, promoting the charge transportation and separation, as well as suppressing the electron-hole recombination in the composite. Under visible light irradiation, the photodegradation rate of 4-CP from the optimized photocatalyst containing ca. 2% (mass fraction) RGO reached to 96%. Meanwhile, the photocatalyst could be recycled several times without losing its photocatalytic performance.

Two new triterpenoid saponins, oleiferoside N and oleiferoside O, were isolated from the EtOH extract from the roots of Camellia oleifera C. Abel. Their structures were elucidated as 16α-acetoxy-21β,22α-O-diangeloyloxy-23,28-dihydroxyolean-12-ene 3β-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside (1), 16α-acetoxy-21β-O-angeloyloxy-23,28-dihydroxy-22α-O-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)olean-12-ene 3β-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside (2), on the basis of spectroscopic analyses (IR, ESI-MS, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR) and acid hydrolysis. Both were characterized to be oleanane-type saponins with sugar moieties linked to C-3 of the aglycone. Cytotoxic activities of two saponins were evaluated against four human tumor cell lines (A549, B16, BEL-7402, and MCF-7) by using the MTT in vitro assay. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate cytotoxic activities toward the tested cell lines.

Form IV of the calcium channel blocker, Felodipine was obtained consistently via solvent evaporation in a pH-controlled solution, and followed by large-scale crystallization through seeding the saturated solution of Felodipine. Comparing with form I, the crystal form used in the marketed products, form IV has higher melting temperature but lower melting enthalpy. Hence, according to the heat of fusion rule, polymorphs I and IV should be in an enantiotropic relationship. Form I is thermodynamically more stable than form IV at room temperature. Their theoretical polymorphic transformation temperature was estimated at 87.6 °C, which was also confirmed by the solvent-mediated polymorphic transformation experiments.

Specific methode and measures which converting the scientific research achievements of teachers into teaching sources for comprehensive chemistry experiment was introduced in this paper.It was also studied on how to carry out the open comprehensive chemistry experiment and remarkable teaching results was achieved.It is showed from the practical teaching during the past years that the application of the course should be in the first place and the course should be based on the students when the open and exploratory experimental course system was established.

Double qualified teachers ,who have good innovative spirit and are good at organizing and directing the students to engage in innovative experiment and research learning ,are important prerequisite for local application type universities to implement comprehensive speciality reforms and bring up high -quality practical talents .An analysis of the connotation of double qualified teachers and an exploration of the feasible training ways as well as approaches of examinations and assessments will help improving double qualified teachers′training effectiveness .