Objective:To investigate the identification and clinical diagnosis of noncompaction of ventricular myocardium(NVM) in dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM). Method:A retrospective study of 551 patients hospitalized for DCM from September 2006 to September 2010 was performed in Union Hospital(Wuhan).This retrospective analysis was carried out according to medical history of the patients,clinical manifestation,auxiliary examinations(including UCG,ECG,CMR and so on),treatment processes and follow-up survey results. Result:In 551 patients,34 patients were found and confirmed as NVM through UCG or MRI,which accounted for 6.17% of total DCM patients,and it showed an increasing trend from 2006;In the 34 NVM patients,all patients showed varying degrees of heart failure;ECG showed abnormal change in 32 NVM patients(94.12%);Typical changes of NVM were seen in all patients(100%) in UCG with lesions located in the left ventricle.In the follow-up of 20 cases of NVM patients for(23±11)month,4 patients dead,the main cause of death was the aggravation of heart failure. Conclusion:NVM patients often see a doctor for heart failure or arrhythmia.During UCG detection we should identify the NVM,one of DCM originations,and the detection rate of NVM will be elevated year by year.Because patients with NVM in DCM have poor prognosis,drug treatment can only improve symptoms,and heart transplantation will be the final treatment means.