We suggest a photoelectrochemical detector based on semiconductor bismuth thioiodide BiSI with the band gap energy Eg = 1.59 eV (direct optical transitions). The bismuth thioiodide was synthesized by the chemical bath deposition on a conductive FTO glass. The structure of BiSI film represents randomly oriented needle-like single crystals. The nucleation and growth of needle-like BiSI single crystals from a single center and the absence of inter-crystallite boundaries provide a high external quantum efficiency of photocurrent up to 52 % at 400 nm. It corresponds to ampere-watt responsivity of 0.16 A/W. BiSI photodetector possesses a high specific detectivity of 3.4 center dot 1011 cm center dot Hz1/2/W and an on/off time equal to 26/435 ms. In aqueous electrolyte containing both S2-and Ianions, the photodetector is characterized by a high temporal stability of photocurrent and cyclability (thousands of cycles) under visible light illumination.

The residual bone tumor and defects which is caused by surgical therapy of bone tumor is a major and important problem in clinicals. And the sequential treatment for irradiating residual tumor and repairing bone defects has wildly prospects. In this study, we developed a general modification strategy by gallic acid (GA)-assisted coordination chemistry to prepare black calcium-based materials, which combines the sequential photothermal therapy of bone tumor and bone defects. The GA modification endows the materials remarkable photothermal properties. Under the near-infrared (NIR) irradiation with different power densities, the black GA-modified bone matrix (GBM) did not merely display an excellent performance in eliminating bone tumor with high temperature, but showed a facile effect of the mild-heat stimulation to accelerate bone regeneration. GBM can efficiently regulate the microenvironments of bone regeneration in a spatial-temporal manner, including inflammation/immune response, vascularization and osteogenic differentiation. Meanwhile, the integrin/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was revealed to be involved in the effect of osteogenesis induced by the mild-heat stimulation. The outcome of this study not only provides a serial of new multifunctional biomaterials, but also demonstrates a general strategy for designing novel blacked calcium-based biomaterials with great potential for clinical use.

The morphogenetic properties of a collagen gel prepared by acetic acid extraction from the tendon sheaths (peritenons) of the paravertebral tendons of Wistar rats were studied. The gel was used as a substrate during in vitro cultivation together with mesenchymal stromal cells for 14 days in growth and osteogenic incubation media. It has been established that the collagen framework of the peritenon substrate is strengthened by increasing the connectivity of fibrillar nodes and is structured with the formation of lamellar and tangle formations. Sesamoid globules, penetrating into the substrate from the initial peritenon gel, remain inert during cultivation in the growth medium, but exhibit an increased ability to structure calcium phosphates in the osteogenic medium. The formation of cell-mediated structures occurs by directions of fibro, tendo-, ligament-, and osteogenic differentiation. The fibrogenic direction provides a structuring framework; the tenogenic direction provides the formation of embryonic tendons according to the mechanism of lateral assembly of collagen subfibrils on cell surfaces and their autonomization in the form of tendon filament primordia; the ligamentogenic direction provides structuring of collagen ribbons associated with tangles and elastic fibers; and the osteogenic direction provides the formation of lamellar, trabecular and nodular osteoid structures through intramembranous ossification, accompanied by activation of alkaline phosphatase and mineralization. The formation of enthesis predictors is the organization of commissures between mechanically different-phase components of osteoid structures and frame. A classification of taxonomic forms has been developed and a hypothesis has been proposed about the role of evolutionary tools in the structuring of the collagen framework in tissue cultures in vitro. A classification of taxonomic forms has been developed and a hypothesis has been proposed about the role of evolutionary tools in the structuring of the collagen framework in tissue cultures in vitro.

Zinc manganite spinel powder specific surface area was found to increase by an order of magnitude via a treatment with sulfuric acid. The specific surface area, determined by nitrogen adsorption, correlates with the specific capacity of zinc manganite spinel positive electrodes. Zinc manganite spinel subjected to a controllable acidic treatment is a promising material for the non-aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

Amorphized hydroxyapatite with stabilized inclusions of amorphous calcium phosphate was obtained by a wet synthesis at pH 11. Reliable indicators of the presence of amorphous calcium phosphate in the hydroxyapatite structure includes: 1) peaks of alpha-tricalcium phosphate in the X-Ray Diffraction patterns after 800 degrees C; 2) a pronounced exoeffect of crystallization of the amorphous phase at 600-850 degrees C in the thermograms. Crystallization of amorphous calcium phosphate into alpha-tricalcium phosphate is inhibited by the effect of intercluster water (0,5 molecules per cluster). Under wet synthesis conditions, the key factor in stabilizing up to 16% of amorphous inclusions is a high supersaturation of the reaction medium, ensured by the mixing rate of reagent solutions of similar to 10(-1) mol/s. The high supersaturation of the reaction medium promotes the formation of a hydroxyapatite shell around the core of amorphous calcium phosphate. The hydroxyapatite shell provides stabilization of the amorphous phase toward interaction with the mother solution for 30 days and inhibits the allotropic (alpha ->beta)-tricalcium phosphate transition at 800 degrees C.

10.26456/pcascnn/2024.16.922 Abstract: The dynamics of cisplatin release and its mixture with hydroxyapatite from bioinert templates based on carbon felt and polyethylene were studied. Changing the polyethylene and carbon felt layer ratio in the templates influenced the volumetric concentration of cisplatin and the duration of its release. The diffusion of cisplatin from the samples was limited by the number of polyethylene layers. After crystallization at 800 degrees C, the phase composition of hydroxyapatite-alpha is 65% hydroxyapatite and 35% alpha-tricalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite-alpha/J consists of 50% hydroxyapatite, 35% alpha- and 15%/J-tricalcium phosphate. Long-term (44 days) release was observed in templates with 2-3 layers of carbon felt and 3-4 layers of polyethylene, and it was slowed when using mixtures with hydroxyapatite (58 days). The appending of hydroxyapatite/cisplatin mixtures into the template with varying amounts of hydroxyapatite phases and alpha-/ /J-tricalcium phosphates slowed the release of cisplatin by 14 days, totaling 58 days, due to the sorption and/or binding of cisplatin to calcium

The presence of impurities of other metals in titanium alloys affects the composition of the oxide film after heat treatment: in addition to rutile, the VT 00 alloy contains Ti6O oxide, which in the VT 1-0 and VT 6 alloys is transformed into Ti3O oxide, which affects the corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. Calcium phosphate coatings containing brushite, calcite and apatite were obtained by electrochemical deposition on titanium plates at room temperature, pH 5, and a constant current density of 30 mA/cm(2) from a suspension electrolyte CaCO3 / Ca(H2PO4)(2) . A layer of amorphized apatite was applied to the coatings using the biomimetic method in a 3-fold concentrated model solution of Simulated Body Fluid to improve biocompatibility. After heat treatment at 800 degrees C, calcium phosphate coatings obtained on titanium VT 00 have greater biocompatibility, but lower resorbability, due to the presence of a larger amount of crystalline hydroxyapatite in the coating.

In aqueous solutions of magnesium chloride and sodium dihydrogen phosphate at Mg/P molar ratios of 1,0-1,5 and pH of 5-7 in the presence of gallic acid, crystalline hydrates of magnesium hydrophosphate (newberyte - MgHPO4 center dot 3H(2)O) and orthophosphate (Mg-3(PO4)(2)center dot 22H(2)O) were obtained, which after heating at 800 degrees C transformed into pyrophosphates (Mg2P2O7). X-ray phase and thermal analysis methods, as well as infared spectroscopy, showed that the presence of an organic additive in the liquid-phase synthesis of magnesium phosphates does not lead to a noticeable change in the phase composition of the reaction products. It was revealed that gallic acid affects the formation of the structure of crystalline hydrates depending on the Mg/P molar ratio. It was found that with prolonged maturation of the sediments (over 6 months), the size of the unit cell of magnesium phosphates decreases. The obtained magnesium phosphate powders modified with gallic acid exhibit redox activity and are promising for use in biomaterials as resorbable components with antioxidant properties.

By firing polyurethane foam templates (“STR” brand, 12 pores per cm, China) with a porosity of ~ 65 % at 1200 °С, an open-pore calcium phosphate foam ceramics was obtained using a highly concentrated suspension based on synthetic hydroxyapatite, heat-treated at 800 °С, monocalcium phosphate monohydrate and 0.8 % polyvinyl alcohol. The resulting calcium phosphate foam ceramics after modification in the SBF (Simulated Body Fluid) solution concentrated 5 times (SBF×5) consisted of β-tricalcium phosphate, β-calcium pyrophosphate and biomimetic apatite, had a porosity of 53 – 59 % and a static strength of ~ 0.05 MPa. The formed biomimetic apatite, consisting of amorphous calcium phosphate Ca9(PO4)6 and apatite tricalcium phosphate Ca9HPO4(PO4)5OH, crystallizes into β-tricalcium phosphate at 1200 °С. Calcium phosphate foam ceramics modified with biomimetic apatite, after soaking in 5 % hydroxyapatite gel and SBF×5, which simulating a bone defect in vitro, in parallel with the formation of biomimetic apatite, is partially destroyed, which confirmed its high bioactivity and degradation.

Composite polylactide materials based on hydrated calcium phosphates (amorphized hydroxyapatite and brushite) promising for 3D printing of osteoplastic biomaterials are obtained by an extrusion method. The formation of coatings containing amorphized hydroxyapatite promotes 1.5- to 3.5-fold strengthening of three-dimensional models based on such composite materials and leads to hydrophilization of their surface.

Brushite coatings were obtained on titanium by the method of electrochemical deposition from Ca(NO3)2/NH4H2PO4 electrolyte at Ca/P = 1.67, pH = 4 and a constant voltage of 15 V or a current density of 20 mA/cm2 for 20 min. In a medium of 0.01 – 0.10 % polyvinyl alcohol at a constant voltage of 15 V, are deposited single-phase brushite or monetite coatings are deposited. The addition of 0.01 – 0.10 % polyvinyl alcohol into the electrolyte during deposition at a constant current density of 20 mA/cm2 leads to the formation of composite calcium phosphate coatings containing brushite, calcium hydroxide and calcium phosphate of the apatite structure. The bioactivity of calcium phosphate coatings was confirmed by the formation of apatites during their soaking in the Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). Amorphized apatite formed on brushite coatings during 2 weeks soaking in SBF crystallizes into β-tricalcium phosphate after heat treatment. The apatite formed on the composite coating in the SBF crystallizes into a composition of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate. The resulting bioactive calcium phosphate coatings can be used as biocoatings to enhance osseointegration of titanium implants.

Введение. Результат рентгенэндоваскулярного лечения окклюзионно-стенотического поражения магистральных артерий нижних конечностей зависит не только от практических навыков хирурга и технической возможности используемого ангиографа, но и от эластических свойств сосуда. Изменение биомеханических свойств артериальной стенки у пациентов с атеросклерозом и диабетической ангиопатией позволит выполнить им рентгенэндоваскулярное вмешательство с меньшим риском развития послеоперационных осложнений, уменьшит вероятность развития повторного тромбоза в зоне операции. Цель. Оценить влияние внутрисосудистой ультразвуковой обработки на изменение эластичности артериальной стенки и определить эффективные и безопасные параметры внутрисосудистого ультразвука для улучшения эластических свойств артериальной стенки с имеющимся медиакальцинозом (диабетическая ангиопатия). Материалы и методы. Объектом исследования были участки магистрального артериального сосуда нижней конечности, взятые путем препарации ампутированной конечности через 30–60 мин. после операции. Сегменты погружались в 0,9%-ный физиологический раствор. Дальнейшее исследование проводилось в условии лаборатории не позднее 3 часов после изъятия. Нами был разработан компрессионный метод in vitro, основанный на измерении деформации сосуда при воздействии внешней статической нагрузки с помощью специальной созданной установки, состоящей из двух пластин толщиной по 1 мм, между которыми помещался исследуемый образец, и грузов кратностью 1 грамм. На первом этапе исследования определялась эластичность стенки сосудистого фрагмента. Затем, перед повторным помещением в установку, артериальные сегменты подвергались внутрисосудистой ультразвуковой обработке различными мощностными и временными параметрами. После проведенного озвучивания (син. ультразвуковая обработка) и повторного определения эластичности выполнялось гистологическое и морфологическое исследование опытных образцов. Результаты. Представлена методика определения изменений эластичности атеросклеротически измененной артериальной стенки магистрального сосуда нижней конечности до и после применения низкочастотного высокоинтенсивного внутрисосудистого ультразвука. Выявлена зависимость изменений эластических свойств артериального сосуда в зависимости от различных мощностных характеристик. Выявлены наиболее типичные виды изменения и повреждений в различных слоях сосудистой стенки в зоне озвучивания. Заключение. Полученные результаты экспериментального исследования позволяют дополнить имеющиеся знания в изменении биомеханических свойств под воздействием внутрисосудистого ультразвука и разработать метод рентгенэндоваскулярного лечения окклюзионно-стенотических поражений магистральных артерий нижних конечностей у пациентов с атеросклерозом и диабетической ангиопатией в клинических условиях. Introduction. The result of X-ray endovascular treatment of occlusive-stenotic lesions of the main arteries of the lower extremities depends not only on the practical skills of the surgeon and the technical capabilities of the angiograph used, but also on the elastic properties of the vessel. Changes in the biomechanical properties of the arterial wall in patients with atherosclerosis and diabetic angiopathy will make it possible to perform X-ray endovascular intervention with less risk for the patient, reduce the number of postoperative complications and the risk of recurrent thrombosis in the surgical area. Purpose. To assess the effect of intravascular ultrasound exposure on changes in the elasticity of the arterial wall. To determine the effective and safe parameters of intravascular ultrasound to improve the elastic properties of the arterial wall with existing mediacalcinosis (diabetic angiopathy). Materials and methods. The object of the study were sections of the main arterial vessel of the lower limb, taken by preparation of the amputated limb 30–60 minutes after the operation. The segments were immersed in 0.9% saline. Further research was carried out in a laboratory condition no more than 3 hours after withdrawal. An in vitro compression method has been developed based on measuring the deformation of a vessel under the influence of an external static load using a specially created setup consisting of two plates 1 mm thick, between which the test sample was placed, and weights with a multiplicity of 1 gram. At the first stage of the study, the elasticity of the wall of the vascular fragment was determined. Then, before re-placement in the installation, the arterial segments were subjected to intravascular ultrasonic treatment with various power and time parameters. After scoring and re-determination of elasticity, a histological and morphological study of the prototypes was performed. Results. A method for determining changes in the elasticity of an atherosclerotically altered arterial wall of the main vessel of the lower limb as a result of the use of low- frequency high-intensity intravascular ultrasound is presented. The dependence of changes in the elastic properties of the arterial vessel depending on various power characteristics was revealed. The most typical types of changes and damages in different layers of the vascular wall in the sonication zone were revealed. Conclusion. The obtained results of the experimental study will supplement the existing knowledge on changes in biomechanical properties under the influence of intravascular ultrasound and develop a method of X-ray endovascular treatment of occlusive-stenotic lesions of the main arteries of the lower extremities in patients with atherosclerosis and diabetic angiopathy in clinical conditions.

Titania photocatalysts supported on mesoporous MgO carriers doped with Mo(VI) ions were prepared and characterized by XRD, BET nitrogen adsorption, FT-IR, and EPR methods. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by bleaching an aqueous dye solution in the presence of a dispersed photocatalyst and by bleaching the dry surface of a solid tablet of photocatalyst using rhodamine B and nigrosin as model organic pollutants. It was established that TiO2 photocatalyst based on MgO carrier doped with 1 wt.% Mo(VI) ions, with the ratio of MgO:TiO2 = 1:0.5, possessed the highest activity under UV radiation. The increase in the content of molybdenum up to 10 wt.% leads to the formation of a MoO3 nanophase on the MgO surface, the formation of an isotype n–n heterojunction at the MoO3/TiO2 interface, and photocatalytic activity under the action of visible light.

The synthesis of a composite material based on graphitic carbon nitride by pyrolytic decomposition at 550 °C of a mechanical mixture of thiourea with the addition of aluminum powder in the amount of 5–30 wt.% has been studied. According to the scanning results by means of electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry the synthesized material consists of carbon nitride, aluminum sulfide, residual metallic aluminum and aluminum hydroxide. The excess of metallic aluminum is due to the partial interaction with sulfur-containing volatile substances formed during the thermal decomposition of thiourea. It is shown that the intensity and width of the photoluminescence spectra of the synthesized composites are determined by the aluminum concentration in the initial mixture. As the aluminum concentration increases from 5 to 30 wt.%, the photoluminescence intensity maximum shifts to the long wavelength region from 534 to 560 nm. This can be used to create optoelectronic devices based on the graphitic carbon nitride.

Calcium phosphate coatings containing brushite, calcite, and apatite were obtained by electrochemical deposition on titanium plates at room temperature, pH 5, constant current density 30 mA/cm(2), from CaCO3/Ca(H2PO4)(2) suspension electrolyte. A layer of amorphous apatite was deposited by the biomimetic method, by keeping the coatings in a concentrated modeling solution of Simulated Body Fluid. As a result of heat treatment at 800 degrees C, apatite crystallized into hydroxyapatite, calcite decomposed to calcium oxide, and titanium was covered with a layer of titanium (IV) oxide. Preclinical studies on rats in vivo for 3 months showed increased osseointegration of plates with calcium phosphate coatings compared to uncoated titanium. Titanium implants with calcium phosphate coatings enriched with hydroxyapatite are promising for use in neurosurgery, dentistry, orthopedics due to the absence of inflammatory reactions from the body and increased osseointegration.

The tendon sheaths (peritenons) of the paravertebral tendons of the tails of Wistar rats were studied using scanning electron microscopy. A phenomenological classification of the osteoid structures of the peritenons is given, with the identification of their persistent and permanent varieties. Sesamoid islets, needle-like and lamellar growths, and rudiments of osteons are classified as persistent. Persistent osteoid structures are well prepared for transformations aimed at strengthening the intracellular matrix under mechanical stress. Permanent osteoid structures are microgranules and faceted deposits of calcium phosphates involved in structural and mechanical processes and hetero- and homogeneous nucleation. Hyaluronate loosens the matrix of sesamoid islets, which increases the mobility of sesamoid globules and creates the prerequisites for their directed migration to areas of increased mechanical stress and foci of possible mineralization of extracellular substance, including fibrillar collagen. Hyaluronate sticks together granules and deposits of structured calcium phosphates and contributes to their growth and fixation in areas of increased risk of mechanical stress. This is a fundamentally important adaptive mechanism for strengthening the tendon tissue, acting in advance.