Co-processing biomass with coal is a practical route for reducing fossil fuel consumption in existing coal-fired power systems, but raw lignocellulosic biomass usually suffers from poor grindability and combustion behavior distinct from coal. In this study, reed bamboo (RB), a high-yield dedicated energy crop, was torrefied at 200–450 °C for 10–60 min to evaluate its fuel upgrading, combustion behavior, grindability, and co-processing compatibility with coal. Torrefaction temperature dominated RB upgrading, whereas residence time had a weaker effect. At 350 °C, the O/C ratio decreased from 0.849 to 0.386, the H/C ratio decreased from 1.514 to 0.712, and the higher heating value increased from 16.36 to 22.3 MJ/kg, although the energy yield decreased to 49.73%. Structural analyses showed that torrefaction promoted hemicellulose and cellulose degradation, reduced oxygen-containing functional groups, and enriched carbon-rich and aromatic structures. Torrefaction shifted RB combustion toward higher temperatures and reduced the deviation between experimental and calculated TG curves of RB-coal blends, indicating weakened co-combustion interaction. In contrast, torrefaction greatly improved RB grindability, increasing the Hardgrove grindability index from 23.8 to 76.4 at 350 °C, comparable to coal. RB-coal blends containing torrefied RB also showed enhanced co-grinding synergy and finer particle-size distributions. However, FTIR, XRD, and XRF analyses of classified fractions revealed only limited compositional differences, suggesting that co-grinding mainly improved particle-size characteristics rather than causing pronounced chemical or mineral segregation. These results demonstrate that torrefaction regulates the dual compatibility of RB with coal, weakening co-combustion synergy while enhancing co-grinding compatibility.

Background: As global environmental issues and the energy crisis continue to intensify, diesel–natural gas dual-fuel engines have been extensively studied due to their stable combustion, low emissions, abundant natural gas reserves, and relatively low cost. Methods: Based on a modified YCK15 six-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine, the experiments and GT-SUITE v2016 simulation were used to study the effects of NG substitution rate (NGSR) and diesel injection timing (DIT) on the combustion characteristics, power and emission performance of a diesel–NG dual-fuel engine running at 1800 rpm, with NGSR ranging from 0 to 50% and DIT ranging from 5 °CA BTDC to 17 °CA BTDC under four engine load conditions: 100%, 75%, 50% and 25%. Significant Findings: The results showed that the NGSR and DIT have considerable impact on performance enhancement and emission reduction. As NGSR increased, cylinder pressure decreased under high load and increased under low load. Under four loads, the temperature inside the cylinder revealed a downward trend, and the power and indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) decreased slightly, with power and ITE declining by less than 5% and 2%, but the fuel economy and emissions were well improved. Compared to 50% NGSR and pure diesel condition, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreased by 5.63%, 4.60%, 2.98%, and 1.83%, respectively, and NOx emissions decreased by 32.68%, 36.41%, 37.90%, and 38.99%, respectively. As DIT increased, cylinder pressure and temperature both increased under all four load conditions, and the power and ITE improved significantly, but this caused an increase in NOx emissions. Compared to DIT of 17 °CA BTDC with 5 °CA BTDC, power increased by 8.29%, 9.76%, 13.38%, and 16.51%, respectively, and ITE increased by 7.69%, 8.77%, 11.46%, and 12.77%, respectively. The response surface was established and performance optimized using the design of experiments (DOE) module in GT-SUITE v2016. At an NGSR of 50% and 100% loads, the optimized power was 0.431% higher than the pure diesel mode, ITE was 0.396% higher, brake-specific fuel consumption was reduced by 7.397%, and NOx emissions were reduced by 27.027%.

The performance and usability of Li-ion batteries are severely affected under low-temperature conditions, while maintaining an appropriate operating temperature can effectively enhance discharge capability and prolong battery lifespan. In this study, an air preheater with dual micro-combustors is developed based on a single micro-combustor configuration by introducing an additional combustor, aiming to improve the heating capacity for lithium-ion battery preheating under cold conditions. The developed air preheater maintains a relatively compact structure while providing heated air with good temperature uniformity. Numerical simulations are conducted to examine the influence of combustor number and arrangement, tube spacing, ambient temperature, as well as the equivalence ratio on the overall performance of the air preheater. The results show that increasing the number of combustors can effectively enhance the outlet temperature while maintaining a small temperature difference within 0.9 K. The optimal performance is achieved at a tube spacing of 20 mm, with a maximum efficiency of 91.1%. Raising Vhot can effectively improve the efficiency, while ambient conditions have a limited influence. In addition, increasing the equivalence ratio helps to raise the outlet air temperature but slightly reduces the efficiency.

This study develops and validates a thermodynamic model for a supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumatic launch system, evaluating its potential as an environmentally friendly and efficient energy conversion technology alternative to conventional working fluids such as compressed air and nitrogen. Utilizing real-gas thermophysical properties from the NIST database, the model incorporates mass and energy conservation principles to simulate the transient launch process. Under the assumption of a pre-attained initial state, comparative analyses demonstrate that supercritical CO2 offers significantly higher specific internal energy, resulting in up to 20% greater payload capacity and improved exit velocities under identical initial conditions. A detailed parametric investigation examines the effects of key structural parameters—including the initial volume of the low-pressure chamber, launch tube diameter, valve diameter, and valve opening time—on launch performance, efficiency, and safety. Results indicate that while a smaller low-pressure chamber volume and larger launch tube diameter enhance launch efficiency and velocity, they must be balanced against structural safety limits to avoid excessive acceleration. Valve diameter expansion improves mass transfer and acceleration, yet diminishing returns are observed beyond 0.10 m. The study highlights supercritical CO2 as a promising high-energy-density working fluid that eliminates toxic exhaust at the launch site. These findings provide practical guidelines for system design optimization, offering a technical pathway toward compact, low-emission pneumatic launch equipment, provided that the upstream energy for CO2 conditioning is efficiently managed.

In this work, two novel multi-channel micro-combustors inserted with porous media tailored for microthermophotovoltaic systems are proposed. Thermal nonuniformity-which exacerbates material stress-is mitigated through the use of ammonia/hydrogen blended fuels and optimized channel configurations. The effects of 1) inlet flow rate, 2) blending ratio, and 3) porous media material on thermal performance and nitrogen oxide emission characteristics are numerically investigated. The results indicate that multi-channel configurations surpass single-channel combustors in thermal performance. Quantitatively, the dual-channel and quad-channel combustors elevate the mean outer wall temperature by at least 15 K and 138 K, respectively, while improving temperature uniformity by up to 67.6 % and 81.2 %. The counter-flow channel design enhances interchannel heat exchange, with the dual-channel variant achieving optimal field synergy and the lowest nitrogen oxide emissions, outperforming the single-channel micro-combustor by up to 23.8 %. Crucially, this work identifies a fundamental design trade-off: multi-channel structures break the radiation power ceiling of singlechannel combustors at the cost of a radiation efficiency penalty of up to 10 %. The dual-channel microcombustor emerges as the most balanced design, offering significant performance enhancements with minimal efficiency sacrifice, thereby providing a practical and efficient paradigm for high-power micro-combustor design.

In this paper, MFI, ISV and CON zeolites were investigated for their adsorption performance toward hydrocarbons using the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method. Three transition metal cations, Fe2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+, were introduced to modify the zeolites, and the influences of temperature, cation species and Si/Al ratio were explored. Simulations were conducted for single-component adsorption of methane and benzene, as well as mixed-component simulations involving five hydrocarbon components and water. For pure silica zeolites, MFI exhibited the strongest adsorption of methane, whereas ISV showed the highest affinity for benzene. After modifying zeolite with Fe2+, the adsorption capacity for methane was improved notably under low-temperature conditions. The methane adsorption capacity of Fe-CON(Si/Al = 7) increased by 45 % compared to pure silica CON at 253 K. Furthermore, the adsorption performance of benzene was inhibited at low temperatures but greatly promoted at high temperatures. In mixed-component adsorption, competitive adsorption led to a decrease in the adsorption of both methane and benzene, with methane being more strongly affected. After modification, the adsorption capacity for water increases significantly, and the adsorption capacity for hydrocarbon components changes to varying degrees. The effects of the cation type are not consistent: Zn-MFI(Si/Al = 7) showed the highest adsorption capacity for methane, Zn-ISV(Si/Al = 15) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for benzene, and Fe-ISV (Si/Al = 31) demonstrated the largest variation in adsorption capacity for benzene from 253 K to 498 K.

Incorporating hydrogen energy into microgrids (MGs) supports for developing reliable and eco-friendly energy solutions. Effective implementation of hydrogen energy system (HES)-integrated MGs requires a comprehensive understanding of system architecture and energy flow, with energy management systems (EMS) serving as critical components for operational optimization. These strategies are designed to boost the MG's performance during both stable and dynamic conditions, prolong the lifespan of HES components (cutting down on costly replacements and upkeep), and maintain a reliable energy flow by keeping a close eye on hydrogen storage levels. Additionally, they aim to maximize the system's overall efficiency by taking into account the HES's performance metrics. The review also explores multi-objective and multi-time-scale optimization methods for MGs with HESs, balancing technology, economy, and environment, and addressing short-term fluctuations and long-term planning. Ultimately, the paper consolidates the key findings and offers insights into future technical challenges and research directions.

To study the performance and emissions of a methanol-diesel dual-fuel engine, four methanol energy ratios (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, denoted as Rm25, Rm50, Rm75 and Rm100) were investigated at two representative speeds (1500 rpm and 1800 rpm) using a GT-Power simulation model. Methanol injection timing (MIT) and methanol injection duration (MID) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to achieve a favorable trade-off among brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake power (BP), brake torque (BT), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and emissions. The results showed that methanol introduction reduced engine performance compared with the pure diesel mode. In terms of emissions, as Rm increased, NOx decreased, while CO and HC initially increased and then decreased. After optimization at Rm50, the optimal MIT and MID were −4.7 °CA and 28.9 °CA at 1500 rpm, and −4.9 °CA and 28.2 °CA at 1800 rpm. Advancing MIT and extending MID improved the combustion process, increasing BTE to 43.623% at 1500 rpm and 40.947% at 1800 rpm, representing improvements of 1.4% and 0.6% over the pure diesel mode. Compared with the unoptimized Rm50 condition, BTE, BP, and BT all increased by 4.5% at 1500 rpm and 6.4% at 1800 rpm, while BSFC decreased by 4.3% and 6.0%. After optimization, at both engine speeds, NOx increased, CO and HC decreased, with all changes remaining within acceptable ranges. These results demonstrate that coordinated optimization of MIT and MID effectively mitigates the performance penalty associated with methanol introduction while maintaining acceptable emissions, providing practical optimization strategies for methanol-diesel dual-fuel engines.

GT-Power software was employed to model a methanol-diesel dual-fuel engine operating at 1800 rpm for investigating the effects of the methanol air-fuel ratio (AFRm) in the intake port on engine combustion and emission performance. Eight AFRm values were selected for analysis: 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50. Torque was used as the output signal to manage diesel injection mass by the controller. Research findings indicate that by maintaining constant engine torque and leveraging the complementary energy release of methanol and diesel fuel, fluctuations in brake power and efficiency caused by variations in AFRm remain below 2%. Increasing AFRm alters the composition of the methanol-air-diesel mixture, resulting in higher trapped AFR and induced AFR within the cylinder. The increased density of the combustion mixture elevates cylinder pressure and heat release rate, leading to higher temperatures throughout the system, particularly in the cylinder. A combination of elevated temperatures, increased oxygen content, and greater diesel injection results in 52.29% and 10.59% increases in NOx and CO2 emissions, along with 6.51% and 15.87% decreases in CO and HC emissions. Second-order regression equations were established for cylinder peak pressure, brake efficiency, BFSC, NOx, CO, CO2, and HC to demonstrate the influence of AFRm on these parameters visually. Confirmation test results indicate that the errors between simulated values and predicted values from the fitting curves remain within 1%. Due to the inherent limitations of one-dimensional simulation and simplified chemical reaction mechanisms in GT-Power, the predicted results may deviate from actual engine behaviour.

The combination of high-efficiency coolant and advanced flow channel design can effectively address the growing heat dissipation requirements of lithium-ion batteries. This study systematically evaluates the performance of a battery thermal management system employing topologically optimized liquid cooling plate (T-LCP) and supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) under high-rate discharge conditions. A detailed comparison with a water-cooled system is performed, focusing on temperature regulation and flow resistance. The results demonstrate that replacing water with sCO2 enhances the heat dissipation of the T-LCP by at least 37% across various configurations while reducing the pressure drop by 80%. Additionally, the maximum temperature and temperature difference decreased by at least 3.3 K and 4.5 K, respectively. Following a tenfold increase in mass flow rate, the heat transfer coefficient of the sCO2-based T-LCP rises by 35%, while the pressure drop decreases by 50.3% compared to water, demonstrating a cost-effective enhancement of sCO2's heat exchange capacity. Further research reveals that reducing the size of the sCO2-based T-LCP lowers the maximum temperature to 308.89 K and the maximum temperature difference to 3.28 K, significantly improving temperature control performance. In summary, combining topological optimization with sCO2 cooling can further improve system cooling performance and reduce energy consumption.

Alcohols generated from renewable energy can be used as a combustion enhancer for ammonia so the carbon neutrality of burning ammonia can be retained. This study measured the laminar burning velocity of ammonia with n-propanol addition (0, 20%, 50% and 100%) in a constant volume combustion chamber at elevated temperatures up to 473 K and pressures ranging from 1 to 5 atm. It was found that adding n-propanol and increasing the initial temperature both can significantly increase the laminar burning velocity of ammonia whereas increasing initial pressure results in slower laminar burning velocity. Flame morphology shows that flames wrinkles are promoted at richer flames and higher pressures indicating intensified flame instability at these conditions. A compact ammonia/n-propanol mechanism was developed and validated in this study, which can accurately reproduce the measured laminar burning velocities. Kinetic analysis shows that n-propanol promotes ammonia combustion by increasing the radical pool. With 20% n-propanol, both ammonia and npropanol oxidation are important for controlling laminar burning velocity, while with 50% n-propanol, the laminar burning velocity is prominently controlled by n-propanol oxidation. NOx analysis implies that NO emission has non-monotonic relationship with n-propanol addition and HNO is an important precursor for NO formation.

This study employs density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with wavefunction analysis to dissect the thermal decomposition pathways of lignin through cyclohexadienone-type (CHD) intermediates. Using 4(phenoxymethyl)phenol as a model dimer representing lignin's structural motif, systematic investigations are conducted into intra- and intermolecular reaction pathways during pyrolysis. The results demonstrate that both intra- and intermolecular hydrogen transfer processes occur, yielding CHD intermediates. Significantly, the intermolecular hydrogen transfer pathway exhibits a lower energy barrier, indicating its preferential contribution to intermediate formation under pyrolysis conditions. A comparative energetic analysis of cleavage pathways reveals that the cyclohexadienone intermediate-mediated cleavage (CHDM) occurs with substantially reduced energy barriers compared to direct bond scission, establishing CHDM as the kinetically favorable pathway. The addition of hydroxyl-containing compounds, such as phenol, glucose, and levoglucosan, further decreases the energy barriers for the cleavage of CHD intermediates by forming six-membered ring transition states. Among these intermediates, levoglucosan and glucose exhibit the most pronounced synergistic effects in facilitating barrier reduction. Electron localization function (ELF) analysis provides mechanistic insight, showing that hydroxyl groups enhance hydrogen atom mobility and promote alpha-O-4 bond cleavage by modulating electron density distribution at the reaction site.

Micro-combustors utilizing carbon-free hydrogen/ammonia blends represent critical technologies for decarbonizing portable renewable energy devices. In this work, three-dimensional numerical simulations were firstly employed to evaluate the effect of ammonia blended ratio(') across three combustor configurations: without porous medium (C-R), fully filled with porous medium (C-F), and partially filled with an innovative annular porous medium (C-P). Results indicate that increasing ' shifts flames downstream improves outer wall temperature uniformity and reduces NOx emissions. Critically, at ' = 90 %, the combustor C-P demonstrates substantial performance gains compared to reference combustor C-R: a 69.8 K increase in mean outer wall temperature, 25.9 % higher radiation efficiency and 44.7 % lower NOx emissions. Leveraging combustor C-P's superiority, field synergy analysis was uniquely applied to optimize its key parameters, revealing maximum radiation efficiency at porosity of 0.8 and minimal NOx emissions at inner diameter (non-porous zone) of 0.9 mm. This work establishes two key innovations: 1)an annular porous medium design specifically tailored for high ammonia blends; 2)using field synergy theory to elucidate fundamental mechanisms governing multi-field interactions in porous media. The optimized combustor C-P delivers exceptional thermal-radiative performance with concurrently reduced NOx emissions under high-' conditions. These advancements were useful for realizing high-performance, low-emission micro-power generation essential for next-generation portable renewable energy applications.

Attributed to features of S-CO2 Brayton cycles including high efficiency, compact layout and light weight, they are considered as the preferable choice of the thermodynamic system for floating power plans. Note that the complex movements of marine floating platforms bring out inertial forces and pulsating flow of circulating water. This causes that the coupled heat transfer characteristics of S-CO2 within the cooler under offshore conditions are significantly different from that of the land-based system. To promote the application of S-CO2 Brayton cycles for marine floating platforms, the unsteady flow and coupled heat transfer characteristics between S-CO2 (Re = 16,800) and pulsating flow of water (Re = 0-4600) within the cooler under offshore conditions is investigated in this paper. The study on the comparison of the coupled heat transfer behaviors between S-CO2 and constant flow or pulsating flow of water under the steady state and rolling motion is conducted. The results indicate that the coupled heat transfer performance is dominated by the pulsating flow of water, while rolling motion-induced inertial forces contributes to enhancing the overall heat transfer performance. Besides, the overall heat transfer performance can be improved by increasing the rolling amplitude, rolling frequency, rolling height and pulsation amplitude.

Before launch, cryogenic propellant tanks experience a pre-pressurization stage during which their thermodynamic behavior is sensitive to operating conditions and external disturbances. For liquid hydrogen (LH2) storage tanks, small-amplitude oscillations may modify interfacial transport and phase change, thereby influencing pressure evolution and mass distribution. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model that accounts for gas-liquid interfacial phase change and environmental heat leakage is developed to investigate the thermodynamic response of an LH2 tank subjected to slight external oscillation during pre-pressurization. The effects of oscillation amplitude, inlet gas temperature, mass flow rate, and initial ullage gas fraction on temperature distribution, pressure development, and phase mass variation are analyzed. The results indicate that increasing the oscillation amplitude from 0.006 m to 0.014 m delays the pressurization time from 4.72 s to 5.04 s, while higher inlet temperatures (e.g., 330 K vs. 280 K) shorten the time to reach the target pressure but weaken interfacial condensation, resulting in a slower recovery of liquid hydrogen mass. Raising the inlet mass flow rate from 0.20 kg/s to 0.40 kg/s reduces the time to reach the preset pressure by approximately 56%, and larger initial ullage gas fractions (ullage height from 1 m to 6 m) significantly prolong the pressurization time and produce a wider high-temperature region. These quantitative results clarify the coupled oscillation-thermodynamic effects and can support optimization of LH2 tank operation during pre-pressurization.

To balance structural reliability and combustion efficiency in a heavy-duty natural gas engine, this study numerically investigated the effects of eccentric intake (v01) and high-tumble-ratio flow (v02) designs on a 16 L engine, using the baseline model as reference. Comparative analyses were conducted at brake thermal efficiency (1100 r/min) and rated power (1700 r/min) conditions under both equal electric control and equal peak pressure constraints. The v01 configuration enhanced in-cylinder tumble and turbulence, increasing the tumble ratio X-component nearly fivefold and turbulent kinetic energy by 7.6% at 1100 r/min. This resulted in shortened ignition delay (12–15%) and combustion duration (7–9%), with more concentrated heat release. Accordingly, v01 reduced high-pressure indicated specific fuel consumption by 0.60–0.81% and lowered unburned hydrocarbon emissions by 42.7–60.0%, while NOx emissions increased by 25–28%. Although the v02 configuration exhibited superior thermal efficiency and HC reduction, its substantially higher thermal load (51.0% vs. 32.2% for v01) raised concerns about cooling system demands and long-term durability. Given the limited efficiency gain of v02 over v01, the v01 scheme achieves a more balanced trade-off among efficiency, emissions, and thermal risk in the current evaluation framework.

Hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2ICEs) face cycle-sensitive combustion boundaries, where identical nominal operating conditions may yield normal flame propagation or end-gas auto-ignition. This study develops a two-stage surrogate framework linking physicochemical descriptors to engine control variables. An unsupervised Gaussian mixture model extracts combustion-state probability structures from a six-dimensional feature space comprising flame-compression- and Livengood–Wu-based descriptors. After post-hoc engineering alignment, comparison with CFD-derived reference states gives an in-sample dominant-state agreement of 90.7%. Gradient Boosting regressors then map equivalence ratio, intake-valve-closure pressure, and engine speed to the three state probabilities. Cross-validation indicates that the two abnormal-combustion components are recovered more reliably than the intermediate normal-combustion component. Probability entropy describes weak state dominance without being interpreted as direct evidence of physical transition. A probability-weighted Combustion Quality Index condenses the ternary probabilities into an engineering score for offline, in-domain identification of favorable and abnormal-combustion regions.

With the growing global focus on environmental and energy issues, hydrogen has garnered significant attention as a green energy source. It leads to extensive research on hydrogen production and storage. This study primarily investigates hydrogen production based on the non-catalytic reaction pathways of methane, using molecular dynamics to explore the combustion reaction pathways of methane under high equivalence ratio conditions, as well as the influence of acetylene blending on these reaction pathways. A porous medium micro-combustor is utilized as the reactor to study the effects of different blending ratios and equivalence ratios on hydrogen production efficiency. By analyzing several elementary reactions that play a major role in hydrogen production, the study examines the mechanisms and differences in the effects of blending ratio and equivalence ratio. The results show that increasing the equivalence ratio and blending ratio can both reduce the oxidation reactions of hydrogen by lowering the concentration of OH radicals during the post-combustion period. However, acetylene blending can enhance the chain reaction rate during the ignition delay period through oxidative dehydrogenation, thus accelerating the oxidation process of methane. The study also concludes that under high equivalence ratio conditions, further increasing the blending ratio can actually reduce flame stability, thereby affecting hydrogen production efficiency. The results indicate that at high blending ratios, the highest hydrogen production efficiency is achieved when the equivalence ratio is controlled at 1.35. Finally, the study investigates the effect of different inlet flow rates on hydrogen production efficiency under the condition of an equivalence ratio of 1.35. The findings show that, due to the sufficient size of the combustor allowing complete reaction of H radicals, the inlet flow rate has a minimal impact on hydrogen production efficiency, with the mass flow rate of hydrogen at the outlet being directly proportional to the flow rate of the mixed gas.

The S-CO2 Brayton cycle is regarded as one of the most promising energy conversion technology for ship power and other floating power plants due to its high efficiency, light weight and compact structure. Being different from land-based systems, movements of floating platforms at sea are complicated, which not only change the device position but also induces additional inertial forces. Extensive research has been conducted on the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) under land-based steady-state conditions. However, despite the promising application prospects of S-CO2 power cycles in marine vessels and floating platforms, investigations into the flow and heat transfer behavior of S-CO2 under ocean motion conditions remain notably scarce. Therefore, a systematically comparative study on the unsteady flow and heat transfer characteristics of S-CO2 under steady state and offshore conditions is conducted. The results indicated that under the rolling motion, the periodically changing inertial forces parallel to axial direction contribute to weakening the buoyance effect, and the periodically changing inertial forces perpendicular to axial direction induce the secondary flow which intensifies the mixing between the mainstream and near-wall fluid. These contribute to alleviating and even avoiding the heat transfer deterioration, causing a better heat transfer performance of S-CO2. Moreover, the variation in aerodynamic and thermal parameters of S-CO2 has no effect on the rolling motion-induced periodically changing accelerations, but it changes the density magnitude and distribution of S-CO2, and thus the inertia force effect on the flow structure varies, causing different heat transfer and resistance characteristics of S-CO2.

With the global trend of zero-carbonization of energy, the development of green and clean energy has become imminent. Due to the high energy conversion efficiency of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and the absence of the pollution hazards of ordinary lithium iron phosphate or lithium-ion batteries, PEMFC has received extensive attention from the government and the energy industry in recent years. In order to solve the difficulties of hydrogen storage and transport, a ready-to-use Micro combustion-Methanol steam reforming (MC-MSR) reactor is proposed in this paper. In this work, the optimization of the micro-combustor is first experimentally investigated and a micro-combustor with two-section gradual constriction channel is designed, which improves the energy conversion efficiency by 24.5 % over other micro-combustors. With the numerical simulation of combustion and chemical reaction of methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production in different reactors, the maximum methanol conversion efficiency of 62.7 % is achieved with the width of reforming area R = 5 mm when the mass flow rate of H2O/CH3OH mixture is 10-6 kg/s. Additionally, the maximum hydrogen production is 1.566e-7 kg/s with R = 5 mm when the mass flow rate per unit area of H2O/CH3OH mixture is constant.