2020年初,新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情加速了线上教学,教研组利用"网络教学平台+医学免疫学APP+录制视频+QQ屏幕共享直播+QQ群讨论"多个线上平台,通过"课前准备+课堂直播+讨论+课后巩固反思"等多角度混合教学方法开展疫情期间医学免疫学线上教学,促进教学效果的提升和学生学习的主动性.同时分析线上教学的利弊,为促进教学改革提供实践参考.

Background This study aimed to investigate the correlation of integrin alpha 7 (ITGA7) expression with clinical/pathological characteristics and overall survival (OS), and its knockdown on inhibiting cell activities in breast cancer. Methods A total of 191 breast cancer patients underwent surgery were retrospectively reviewed, and ITGA7 expression in tumor tissues was determined by immunofluorescence and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Patients' clinical/pathological data were recorded, and OS was calculated. In vitro, control shRNA and ITGA7 shRNA plasmids were transfected into MCF7 cells to evaluate the influence of ITGA7 knockdown on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. Results Ninety-two (48.2%) patients presented with ITGA7 high expression, and 99 patients (51.8%) presented with ITGA7 low expression. ITGA7 expression was positively correlated with T stage, tumor-node metastasis (TNM) stage, and pathological grade. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that ITGA7 high expression was associated with shorter OS, and multivariate Cox's proportional hazards regression displayed that ITGA7 high expression was an independent predictive factor for poor OS. Moreover, in vitro experiments disclosed that cell proliferation (by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay) and cell invasion (by Matrigel invasion assay) were reduced, while cell apoptosis rate (by Annexin V/propidium iodide assay) was enhanced by ITGA7 knockdown in MCF-7 cells. Conclusion Integrin alpha 7 high expression correlates with increased T stage, TNM stage, and pathological grade as well as worse OS, and its knockdown enhances cell apoptosis but inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in breast cancer.

"课程思政"是加强高等学校大学生思想政治教育的重要途径,为更好地发挥"课程思政"的协同育人效应,基于医学免疫学的课程特点,把"思政元素"有机融入医学免疫学课程教学中,实施"知识传授"与"价值引领"同行并重,培养德才兼备的高素质医学人才.

目的 观察西妥昔单抗(Cetuximab, C-225)和表阿霉素(Epirubici, EPI)联合应用对人肝癌HepG2细胞体外生长的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制.方法 MTT (噻唑蓝)比色法测定C-225和EPI对肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的影响.结果:MTT结果显示C-225和EPI可明显抑制HepG2细胞增殖,具有剂量依赖性.结论 C-225和EPI具有协同诱导肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡的作用,机制可能与激活细胞内Caspase-3介导的信号转导通路相关.

目的:研究含红芪和含黄芪的补中益气汤含药血清对老龄小鼠脾淋巴细胞抗氧化损伤作用的影响.方法:采用MTT法比较含红芪和含黄芪的补中益气汤含药血清对老龄小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响,确定含药血清的最佳稀释浓度和脾淋巴细胞的培养时间;比较含红芪和含黄芪的补中益气汤含药血清对脾淋巴细胞总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及活性氧(ROS)含量的影响.结果:当含药血清浓度为40％,作用时间为48h时,补中益气汤含药血清对老龄小鼠脾淋巴的促增殖作用最佳.含红芪和含黄芪的补中益气汤含药血清均有提高老龄小鼠脾淋巴的SOD活性及降低MDA及ROS水平的作用(P＜0.05),二者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:含红芪和含黄芪的补中益气汤在抗老龄小鼠脾淋巴细胞氧化损伤方面作用相似,具有一定可替换性.

目的 比较含红芪与含黄芪的补中益气汤含药血清对老龄小鼠脾T淋巴细胞作用的影响.方法 通过MTT法检测含红芪和含黄芪的补中益气汤含药血清对老龄鼠脾淋巴细胞的刺激增殖作用,确定最佳稀释浓度和作用时间;比较含红芪和含黄芪的补中益气汤含药血清对脾T淋巴细胞的增殖能力、T淋巴细胞亚群百分比及细胞培养上清中IL-2的水平.结果 当含药血清质量分数为40％,时间为48 h时,补中益气汤含药血清对老龄小鼠脾淋巴的促增殖作用最佳.含红芪与含黄芪的补中益气汤含药血清均可改善老龄鼠脾T淋巴细胞的增殖、T细胞亚群中CD28+T淋巴细胞数及细胞培养上清中IL-2的水平.含红芪的补中益气汤在提高老龄小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖能力和IL-2的分泌方面优于含黄芪补中益气汤(P＜0.01).结论 含红芪与含黄芪的补中益气汤均可通过调节T淋巴细胞起到一定的抗免疫老化的作用,且含红芪的补中益气汤在促进脾细胞增殖和分泌IL-2方面优于含黄芪的补中益气汤,具有统计学意义.

Objective: To compare and study the immunomodulatory effects of Fuqizhihan granule(FQZH) and Yupingfengsan oral liquid(YPFS) act on immunosuppressive mice.Method: Make immunosuppression model mice through introperitoneal inject cyclophosphamide,gavage normal saline.the mice in the normal group were intragastrically administrated with the same volume of distilled water,in the Yupingfengsan high-dose group(YPFSH)with YPFS 12g/kg,in the Yupingfengsan middle-dose group(YPFSM) with YPFS 6g/kg,in the Yupingfengsan low-dose group(YPFSL) with YPFS 3g/kg for 15days.and the same ways in FQZH all groups,doses are changed according to different group,Fuqizhihan high-dose group(FQZH H)with FQZH 54g/kg,the Yupingfengsan middle-dose group(FQZH M) with FQZH 27g/kg,the Yupingfengsan low-dose group(FQZH L) with FQZH 14g/kg To determine organ index,serum IL-1β,the phagocytic index of peritoneal macrophage,the natural killer cell activity,the level of serum hemolysin,the content of IL-4 and CD19+,the proliferation index of T lymphocyte,the content of T lymphocyte subsets and the level of serum IFN-γ.Results: Every dose group of two compounds could improve innate and adaptive immunity of immunosuppressed mice,and their extent on improving is similar.All dose group of yupinfeng san is better than all Fuqizhihan granule group in restoring spleen index,serum IFN-γ level and CD3+ T lymphocytes percentage,and a statistically significant differences(P <0.05),compare with same level dose,both middle group are the best in improving mice immunity,and the effect of YPFSM is better than FQZHM.Conclusion: Fuqizhihan granule and Yupingfengsan oral liquid is similar in immunosuppressive mice immunity improvement,especially middle group,but Yupinfeng san is superior to Fuqizhihan keli in restoring cell immunity for immunosuppressive mice.

Objective: To compare the differences between compound YuPingFengSan oral liquid and FuQi ZhiHan granules in improving cellular immunity of mice with immunosuppression. Method: The models of immunosuppression mice were made through peritoneal injection of cyclophosphamide and then received gastric administration of physiological saline, YuPingFengSan oral liquid[6 g/(kg·d)] and FuQi ZhiHan granules[27 g/(kg·d]. Thymus and spleen index, proliferation index of T-lymphocyte, sub T-lymphocyte, the level of INF-γ and phagocytic indexes of peritoneal macrophages were tested. Result: Both of the drugs could improve thymus and spleen index, proliferation index of T-lymphocyte, lymphocytic percentages of CD3+, CD4+and CD8+as well as the level of serum INF-γ, the difference between both drugs had statistical meaning (P<0.05). Conclusion:YuPingFengSan oral liquid and FuQi ZhiHan granules could improve cellular immunity of mice with immunosuppression, but clinical efficacy of YuPingSan oral liquid is better than FuQi ZhiHan granules.

Objective:To study the effect of Hedysari radix and Radix Astragali alternative Yupingfeng San containing serum on on apoptosis of spleen lymphocyte in aging mice using serum pharmacology method.Methods:Using the same dose of Radix Hedysari to replace the Radix Astragali in Yuping fengsan,transmission electron microscopy,flow cytometry,Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining,DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and immunocytochemistry were employed to observe the effect of Yuping fengsan on apoptosis and Fas,FasL protein expression of spleen lymphocytes in aging mice.Results:Compared with youth mice,there were more apoptosis spleen lymphocytes and karyopyknosis in aging mice.Cell cycle analysis showed that Atypical subdiploid peak was observed.The percentages of apoptosis cells were significantly increased in aging group.The DNA ladder patterns were shown by agarose gel electrophoresis for DNA from spleen lymphocytes in aging mice and the expression level of Fas,FasL were enhanced.The Yuping Feng San containing Radix Hedysari and Radix Astragali(6g crude drugs/kg) Drug-containing serum with Yupingfeng using Radix Hedyseri and Radix Astragali treatment decreased the number of spleen lymphocytes apoptosis,formation of nucleus fragments,subdiploid peak,apoptosis rate,typical DNA ladder stripe and expression level of Fas,FasL protein,respectively.Furthermore,there were no significant difference between the Yuping Feng San containing Radix Hedysari and Radix Astragali.Conclusion:Incidence of apoptosis was increased for spleen lymphocytes cultured in vitro in aging mouse.Drug-containing serum with Yupingfeng using Radix Hedyseri and Radix Astragali both could lower the occurrence of apoptosis of spleen lymphocytes in vitro in aging mouse.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the differentially expressed proteins of the synergy effect of Radix Hedysari polysaccharides (HPS)combined with chemotherapy (Cy) on S180 tumor cells.METHODS:The total proteins extracted from the HPS combined with Cy treated S180 cells in tumor-bearing mice were separated by two dimentional gel electrophoresis (2-DE)and compared with those from Cy treated S180 cells using PDQuest 8.0 software. Mass spectrometry was applied to identify the differentially expressed proteins. Western blot was used to determine the differential expression of one protein.RESULTS:Twenty-four differentially-expressed proteins in HPS group were discovered. The five differential expressed proteins among twenty-four proteins were later identified by mass spectrometry and Mascot software as heat-shock protein hsp84 (HSP90beta), apolipoprotein A, albumin, heat shock protein beta-1 (HSP27)and unnamed protein product, including one up regulated and four down regulated expressed proteins respectively. Results from Western blot manifested the same trend as from proteomics analysis.CONCLUSION:Proteomics technique can be used to discover target proteins associated with the synergy effect of HPS combined with Cy on S180 tumor cells, involving some important proteins related to energy metabolism, oxidative stress and apoptosis induction signal transduction.

Objective: To study differentially expressed proteins of the synergy effect of Radix Hedysari polysaccharides(HPS) combined with cyclophsphamide(Cy) on s180 tumour cells.Methods: The S180-bearing mice were injected with Cy and HPS combined with Cy respectively for fourteen days,then the index of immunity organs and tumor inhibition rate were observed.The total proteins extracted from the Cy and HPS combined with Cy treated S180 cells in tumour-bearing mice were separated by means of immobilized pH gradient based on two dimentional gel electrophoresis(2-DE).After Coomassie brilliant blue G250 staining,2-DE image analysis was performed to study the differentially expressed proteins using PDQuest8.0 software.Results: Compared with Cy group,the HPS combined with Cy group showed obviously suppressed effect on the growth of S180 tumor(P < 0.05) and significantly reduced the decrease of immunity organs index(P < 0.01),caused by Cy.The clearer,reproducible,high resolution 2-DE images were established and obtained,776 ± 22 和 721 ± 16 protein spots were resolved respectively in the Cy and the HPS combined with Cy treated groups.The match rate were 91.13% and 89.37% respectively in the Cy and HPS combined with Cy treated groups and twenty-eight differentially expressed protein spots were displayed between the Cy and HPS combined with Cy treated groups,of which eight showed higher expression,nineteen decreased in abundance,an only one disappeared in the HPS combined with Cy treated group.Conclusion: The HPS combined with Cy reduced immunosuppression caused by Cy on S180bearing mice and strengthened chemotherapy effect of Cy on S180 tumour cells,which might be related to the twenty-eight differentially expressed protein spots.Further identification of the differentially expressed protein spots may provide clues for the molecular mechanism of synergy effect of HPS Combined with Cy.

AIM To comparatively study the differences of Fuqi Zhihan Granules on immunosuppressed mice in cellular immunity in the substitution of Hedysari Radix for Astragali Radix.METHODS Mice injected intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide were modeled into the immunosuppressed mouse and intragastrically administered with the same dose of Hedysari Radix replaced by Astragali Radix in Fuqi Zhihan Granules through the determination of macrophages in vitro macrophage phagocytic capacity,spleen lymphocyte killing activity,the percentage of T lymphocyte subsets,serum IL-1β level to compare both cyclophosphamide antagonism.RESULTS Fuqi Zhihan Granules containing Hedysari Radix and Astragali Radix could significantly increase the level of IL-1β,and antagonize immunosuppressive effect caused by cyclophosphamide,concluding promoting T lymphocyte proliferation,cytotoxic activity of NK cell,quantity of T lymphocyte subgroup,and phagocytosis of the macrophage of varying degrees.Hedysari Radix was superb to Astragali Radix in Fuqi Zhihan Granules in raising T lymphocyte proliferation and IL-1β level.CONCLUSION Hedysari Radix has a similar role in cell immunity regulation with Astragali Radix,and Hedysari Radix has better effect in T cell proliferation.

目的:比较研究红芪和黄芪水煎剂对老龄小鼠的免疫调节作用.方法:60只老龄小鼠用统计软件产生随机数字表编号,随机分成6组,分别给予生理盐水,左旋咪唑,黄芪高、低浓度,红芪高、低浓度30日.观察脾脏指数、胸腺指数和巨噬细胞吞噬作用.结果:红芪、黄芪水提物能提高老龄小鼠脾指数、胸腺指数(P＜0.05),可以增强老龄小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬作用(P＜0.05),但同浓度的红芪与黄芪之间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:红芪和黄芪水提物均能提高老龄小鼠的免疫作用,且两者作用相似.

OBJECTIVE:To study on Radix Hedyseri as substitute for Radix Astragali of Yupingfeng oral liquid on cellular immunity in immunosuppressed mice.METHODS:The model of immunosuppression mice were induced by Cyclophosphamide. And the same dose of Radix Hedyseri and Radix Astragali alternative Yupingfeng oral liquid was intragastric administrated into mice; Antagonistic experiments were observed in vivo. Determined the thymus gland index, spleen index, phagocytosis of the macrophage, proliferation index of T lymphocyte, kill and wound activity, T lymphocyte subgroup, and content of IL-13 of serum.RESULTS:Yupingfeng oral liquid and Yuping-feng aqueous extract of Radix Hedyseri substitute Radix Astragali both could significant raise thymus gland index and spleen index, and clearly increase the phagocytosis of the macrophage. They both could antagonize immunosuppressive action caused by Cyclophosphamide, which could promote T lymphocyte proliferation, kill and wound activity, quantity of T lymphocyte subgroup, and production of IL-1beta with different degree. And Yupingfeng aqueous extract of Radix Hedyseri substitute Radix Astragali increased spleen index and T lymphocyte proliferation was better than those of Yupingfeng oral liquid.CONCLUSION:Radix Hedyseri and Radix Saposhnikoviae, compatible with Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae compared with Yupingfeng oral liquid in cell immunity regulation has a similar role, and better in the recovery of spleen weight and T cell proliferation.

Objective To study the substitutablility of Huangqi (Astragalus membranaceus) and Hongqi (Radix hedysari) in Buzhong Yiqi Decoction (Decoction for reinforcing middle-jiao and replenishing qi) in improving immunologic function in mice. Methods Forty normal Kunming mice were randomized into four groups with 10 in each,i.e. control group, cyclophosphamide model group, BuzhongYiqi Decoction containing Huangqi group (Huang qi group), and Buzhong Yiqi Decoction containing Hongqi group (Hongqi group). The mice were injected peritoneally with cyclophosphamide to establish the immunosuppressive models. Huangqi group and Hongqi group were given Buzhong Yiqi Decoction 20ml/kg containing Huangqi and Hongqi respectively for 14 days, while the control group and model group were given normal saline of equal volume. The thymus and spleen weights were measured to calculate the thymus and spleen indices, the phagocytic function of macrophages, serum hemolysin, T lymphocyte proliferation, the activity of NK cells, and the IL-4 were determined of all the above-mentioned indexes (P0.05 or P0.01). Results Comparing with the model group, both BuzhongYiqi Decoction groups were found increase. Except that the T lymphocyte proliferation of the Buzhong Yiqi Decoction containing Hongqi group was stronger than that of the BuzhongYiqi Decoction containing Huangqi group, the other immunologic indices of the two BuzhongYiqi Decoction groups were not statistically different (P0.05). Conclusion In improving the cellular immunologic function, Hongqi and Huangqi can replace each other in Buzhong Yiqi Decoction.

Objective: To use serum pharmacology method,comparative study the Radix Hedyseri and Radix Astragali alternative Yupingfeng san serum containing on spleen lymphocyte proliferation and anti-aging of aging mouse.Methods: Using the same dose of Radix Hedysari to replace the Yuping fengsan of Radix Astragali,we observe high、medium and low dose group of two compound on the influence of the thymus and spleen index and lymphocyte proliferation activity in aging mice.Thus determine the optimal dose group(0.4ml /20g).MTT method observation the best dose group of medicine serum to aging mice splenic lymphocytes stimulate proliferation role of does-time effect relationship;determine the optimal Concentration and time.reagent kit for the detection of spleen cells Senescence β-Galactosidase staining assay、aged mice spleen cell superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity,malondialdehyde(MDA) levels,ROS levelst.Results: Three doses groups of yupinfeng Radix Hedysari and yupinfeng Radix Astragali all can improve the thymus and spleen index and lymphocyte proliferation activity in mice,The clinical equivalent dose(meddle doses) is the best.MTT results showed that meddle doses of Radix Astragali alternative Yupingfeng san serum containing in vitro proliferation of splenic lymphocytes have distinct stimulative effect,and show some of the-effect and quantity-activity relationship,to an end for 20% of drug concentration with serum training 72 h stimulate proliferation best effects,Radix Hedyseri yupingfeng san superior than that of the Radix Astragali yupingfeng san.β-galactosidase staining experiment results showed that the aging of mouse splenic lymphocytes senescence number significantly more than young mice,with medicated serum on spleen cells,found in senescent cells reduced,The effect of including the Radix Hedyseri is better than the original.Containing Radix Hedysari and containing Radix Astragali of Yuping Feng San can modulate immune aging mouse spleen lymphocyte SOD,MDA activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) level,there were no significant differences between the Yuping Feng San containing Radix Hedysari and Radix Astragali.Conclusion: Radix Hedyseri,compatible with Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae compared to Yupingfeng oral liquid in anti-aging has a similar role,and in the regulation of T-SOD、ROS and grow old cell better than Yupingfeng of Radix Astragali.

Objective To compare and study the regulative effect of Hongqi(Radix Hedyseri) replacing Huangqi(Radix Astragali) in classic tonifying and replenishing formulas on immune function in immunosuppressive mice.Methods The mouse model of immunosuppression was established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide(CTX).The same dose of Huangqi was replaced by Hongqi in the formula of invigorating spleen and replenishing qi(Buzhongyiqi formula) and formula of replenishing qi and tonifying blood(Yiqiyangxue formula),and then the formulas were given to mice intragastrically.The thymus index,spleen index,lymphocyte subgroup and content of interleukin-4(IL-4) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) were detected.Results The formulas containing Huangqi or Hongqi all raised thymus index and spleen index in immunosuppressive mice(P0.01),increased the percentage of lymphocytes CD19+,CD3+,CD4+ and CD8+(P0.01),and increased the content of serum IL-4 and IFN-γ(P0.01).In the groups with Buzhongyiqi formula and Yiqiyangxue formula containing Hongqi,spleen index,lymphocyte CD3+ and content of IFN-γ were slightly higher than those in the groups with the formulas containing Huangqi(P0.01).The comparison in other indexes between the formulas containing Hongqi and those containing Huangqi showed that the difference was not statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion The Buzhongyiqi formula and Yiqiyangxue formula containing Hongqi and those containing Huangqi all can improve the immunosuppressive effect of CTX,and Hongqi has higher immunoregulation effect than Huangqi.

Objective: To approach the accommodation effects of FuQi ZhiHan granules on nonspecific and specific immunity of mice.Method: Forty mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group,model group,groups of HuangQi granules and FuQi ZhiHan granules,ten mice each group.The models were established through injecting cyclophosphamide into abdominal cavity.The qualities of thymus gland and spleen were detected to calculate the indexes of thymus gland and spleen;phagocytosis of the macrophage was determined with neural red assay of peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis;humoral immunity was measured by adopting serum hemolysis;cellular immune function was detected with splenic lymphocyte proliferation;anti-NK cell activity was measured with lactate dehydrogenase release method;numbers of T lymphocyte subgroups were counted with flow cytometric method.Result: FuQi ZhiHan granules can significantly raise thymus gland index and spleen index;improve the phagocytosis of the macrophage;increase serum hemolysin;fight against immunosuppressive action aroused by cyclophosphamide which can promote T lymphocyte proliferation,anti-activity and the quantity of T lymphocyte subgroup.Conclusion: FuQi ZhiHan granules can strengthen nonspecific and specific immunity in mice which show lower immune function caused by cyclophosphamide.

Objective:To compare the effects of the same compound(Yiqi Yangxue decoction and Buzhong Yiqi decoction) prescription containing Astragali Radix(AR) and Hedysari Radix(HR),respectively,on immunologic functions of mice.Method: The sixty mice were divided randomly into six groups:the control group,the model group,Yiqi Yangxue decoction containing AR group,Yiqi Yangxue decoction containing HR group,Buzhong Yiqi decoction containing AR group and Buzhong Yiqi decoction containing HR group.The mice were injected peritoneally with cyclophosphamide to establish immunosuppressive model,and spleen lymphocyte Proliferation,IL-1,IL-4 and serum hemolysin level,NK cells activity were observed Result: Afteradministration,the immunologic functions were significantly increased.The compounds congtaining HR were more significant than compounds containingg AR in spleen lymphocyte proliferation,but in other respects,the two compounds whether congtaining AR or HR had no obvious diffference.Conclusion: Both Yiqi Yangxue decoction and Buzhong Yiqi decoction containg HR are better thancompouds congtaining AR in improving cellular immune function.

Objective:To find out the differential protein spots expression in mouse thymus organizations treated with the third polysaccharides from Radix Hedysari,discuss the molecular biology mechanism of enhancing the immunity with HPS-3.Methods:HPS-3 was given into the mice at different doses,then detected the thymus gland index,spleen index and proliferation index of T lymphocyte.Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE) to separate the protein of mouse thymus organizations,then the gels were stained using Beyotime Fast Sliver Stain kit,Digitized images of two-dimensional gels were generated using Image Scanner,analyzed the result of electrophoresis with PD Quest software and found out the protein spots which differentially expressed between the two groups.Results:compared with control group,HPS-3 dosed with 100 mg.(kg·d) can obviously raise thymus gland index and spleen index,promote T lymphocyte proliferation;but the dose of 50 mg/(kg·d) didn't expressed the significant difference.Analytic result of the 2-DE mapping with PD Quest software is that:there were 1129 spots expressed in control group,and 1167 spots displayed in HPS-3 group,there were 192 spots which expressed in both groups and the quality were differential more than twice.Conclusion:HPS-3 can promote the thymus cell proliferation,appreciable impact the expression of the mouse thymus organizations proteins.