Composite materials (CMs) based on matrices of high-silica porous glasses activated by Cu2+ and Y3+ ions are synthesized. The influence of the composition of composites (concentration and ratio of copper and yttrium introduced) and the temperature of their heat treatment (in the range of 50–870°C) on their spectral properties is studied. Examining samples using optical and IR spectroscopy reveals absorption bands related to Cu2+ ions and caused by vibrations of the Y–O bonds in Y2O3. It is established that, depending on the synthesis conditions, the obtained materials possess UV, blue-green, and IR luminescence due to the presence of various active centers (defects and oxygen vacancies in CuO, Cu2+ ions, radicals , and F centers in Y2O3, =Si0 centers, E' centers (O3≡ Si· ), neutral oxygen vacancies (O3≡Si–Si≡O3), and nonbridging oxygen defect centers in the silica matrix of glass.

This paper presents the results of determining the content of various acid-base sites (Brønsted basic, Brønsted acid, Lewis basic) on the inner surface of the pore space of high-silica porous glasses (PGs), obtained as a result of the through leaching of alkali borosilicate glass with a two-frame structure and modified by isothermal exposure at various temperatures in the range of 120–750°C. The relationship between changes in the content of the centers under consideration and the processes of hydroxylation and dehydroxylation of the PG surface is analyzed depending on the heat treatment temperature.

Bismuth-containing composite materials (CMs) with variable yttrium oxide content are synthesized by impregnating porous silicate glass matrices in acidified aqueous-salt solutions of Bi(NO3)3·5H2O in the presence of Y(NO3)3·6H2O with their subsequent heat treatment at 650 or 870°C, and their luminescent properties are studied. It is found that the synthesized materials exhibit photoluminescence in a wide spectral range (230–900 nm) due to the presence of various active centers (=Si0, Y3+– O_3^2 - , Si-BAC (silicon-associated bismuth active centers), radicals , Bi3+ and Bi2+ ions, Bi3+ pairs, silicon–oxygen defects), as well as the Bi3+ → Y3+ MMCT (metal-to-metal charge transfer) transition, as a result of which they can be considered as new promising solid-state phosphors.

This paper presents the results of a study of the toxicity of high-silica quartzoid glasses (QGs) containing cesium, obtained on the basis of two-phase alkali borosilicate glass. It is established that the toxicity of the studied QGs in relation to Paramecium caudatum does not exceed the permissible level and varies depending on the content of alkaline ions in the QG and the time of contact of fine QG powder with water. It is assumed that the identified toxicity is associated primarily with the extraction of sodium and cesium ions into the aqueous solution.

A methodology is developed and ZnO nanoparticles are synthesized in porous glasses. The synthesis is carried out by impregnating silicate porous glasses in an aqueous solution of zinc nitrate and its subsequent thermolysis. The spectral and luminescent properties of the synthesized composites are studied. The ability of ZnO nanoparticles formed in porous glass to produce reactive oxygen species under UV irradiation is studied.

Porous glass (PG) obtained by leaching of sodium borosilicate glass (NBS) is actively used in sorption and separation technologies. Modifying the NBS system with additives can drastically affect the resulting PG. Here, we report on the effect that Cr2O3 had on the leaching behavior of phase-separated glasses in the Na2O-B2O3-SiO2-Cr2O3 system in 3 M HCl solution. The structure of these glasses was investigated by means of XRPD, EPR, and SEM. All chromium ions exist in the Cr3+ state and are octahedrally coordinated. Most Cr2O3 crystallized as eskolaite in the silica-rich phase. The leaching process is limited by the interdiffusion in the leached porous layer. Cr2O3 did not get extracted from the glass into a leaching solution. PGs containing a significant amount of eskolaite were obtained. The component extraction rate for Cr-doped glasses was higher than for Fe-containing glasses with similar compositions, which was explained by the difference in their structural roles.

Разработана методика, и синтезированы наночастицы ZnO в пористых стеклах. Синтез проведен путем пропитки силикатных пористых стекол в водном растворе нитрата цинка и его последующего термолиза. Исследованы спектрально-люминесцентные свойства синтезированных композитов. Изучена способность наночастиц ZnO, сформированных в пористом стекле, к выработке активных форм кислорода при УФ-облучении.

New vitreous composite materials (CMs) with two magnetic subsystems are synthesized by impregnation magnetite-containing matrices from iron-containing nanoporous glasses in aqueous MnCl 2 and H 2 C 2 O 4 solutions and the subsequent formation of manganese oxides Mn x O y ( x = 1, 2, 3; y = 1, 2, 3, 4) inside the pore space of the matrices as a result of thermolysis of the reaction product of the dopants (MnC 2 O 4 ). The chemical (elemental) and phase compositions, the valence-coordination state of iron and manganese, and the characteristics of the magnetic state of the synthesized CMs are studied and compared with the characteristics of nanoporous matrices.

Glass composition of 6Na2O 22B2O3·70SiO2·2Cr2O3 is studied by scanning electron microscopy, X‑ray powder diffractometry (XRPD), and differential thermal analysis, depending on the duration of heat treatment at a temperature of 550°C. It is established that during heat treatment for 24–96 h, a phase separation structure with interpenetrating phases is formed in the studied glass, and a crystalline phase of eskolaite—Cr2O3 is also formed. With the maximum heat treatment duration of 96 h, cristobalite is formed in the bulk of the glass, which is accompanied by a decrease in the glass transition temperature of the low-viscosity phase. In this case, the intensity of eskolaite peaks decreases. Cr2O3 and SiO2 crystallize apparently due to the substance of the low-viscosity phase.

Composite materials (CMs) based on matrices of high-silica nanoporous glasses activated by silver and lanthanum are synthesized. It is established that, depending on the composition, the CM samples exhibit luminescence in the UV, violet-blue, green, red, and infrared spectral ranges due to the presence of isolated Ag+-ions, Ag+–Ag+ paired centers, molecular clusters (MCs) and nanoparticles (NPs) of silver, and oxygen vacancies in La2O3, together with various silicon defect centers.

New vitreous composite materials (CMs) with two magnetic subsystems are synthesized by impregnation magnetite-containing matrices from iron-containing nanoporous glasses in aqueous MnCl2 and H2C2O4 solutions and the subsequent formation of manganese oxides MnxOy (x = 1, 2, 3; y = 1, 2, 3, 4) inside the pore space of the matrices as a result of thermolysis of the reaction product of the dopants (MnC2O4). The chemical (elemental) and phase compositions, the valence-coordination state of iron and manganese, and the characteristics of the magnetic state of the synthesized CMs are studied and compared with the characteristics of nanoporous matrices.

Bismuth containing porous glasses (BPGs) were prepared on the basis of high-silica micro- and macroporous glasses and also of microporous glasses thermally treated at 750°C. The chemical composition of the glasses was determined by standard analytical methods and X-ray fluorescence analysis. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that bismuth is predominantly formed at the half-thickness of the membranes. Characterization of the glass morphology was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. Their structural properties (specific surface area, volume porosity, structural resistance coefficient, average pore radius) and electrosurface ones (specific electrical conductivity, transport numbers of ions in the pore channels, electrokinetic potential) were studied in 10 −4 –10 −1 M KNO 3 solutions in a neutral pH range. The results were compared with similar properties of PG membranes not modified with bismuth(III) oxide. Porous glasses doped with bismuth oxide were found to restore their electrosurface characteristics in the neutral pH range in the concentration range of KNO 3 solutions under study.

Composite materials (CMs) based on porous glass matrices activated by yttrium in the presence of copper or bismuth are synthesized. It is established that, depending on the composition, the CM samples exhibit UV, blue-green, red, and infrared luminescence due to the presence of various centers, including Bi3+ and Cu+ ions, F centers in Y2O3, and molecular ions O_3^ - 2 associated with cation vacancies Y3+.

The spectral-optical and luminescence properties of bismuth-containing composite materials based on matrices of high-silica porous glasses are investigated. Luminescence spectra, luminescence excitation spectra, infrared transmission spectra (8000–4000 cm-1) depending on the composition of different types of matrices and sintering atmosphere (nitrogen, argon) of bismuth-containing composite materials were examined. It was found that the samples of bismuth-containing composite materials are characterized by UV (λem = 350 nm), blue-green (λem = 410–550 nm) and orange-red (λem = 600–725 nm) luminescence due to the presence of various bismuth active centers. The analysis of the spectra obtained by near-infrared spectroscopy demonstrates the formation of Bi2+ dimers of bismuth and bismuth active centers associated with silicon.

Glass composition of 6Na2O 22B2O3·70SiO2·2Cr2O3 is studied by scanning electron microscopy, X‑ray powder diffractometry (XRPD), and differential thermal analysis, depending on the duration of heat treatment at a temperature of 550°C. It is established that during heat treatment for 24–96 h, a phase separation structure with interpenetrating phases is formed in the studied glass, and a crystalline phase of eskolaite—Cr2O3 is also formed. With the maximum heat treatment duration of 96 h, cristobalite is formed in the bulk of the glass, which is accompanied by a decrease in the glass transition temperature of the low-viscosity phase. In this case, the intensity of eskolaite peaks decreases. Cr2O3 and SiO2 crystallize apparently due to the substance of the low-viscosity phase.

A methodology for the formation of molecular clusters of silver in silicate nanoporous glasses has been developed. Composite materials containing molecular clusters of silver, silver nanoparticles and zinc oxide have been synthesized. The synthesis was carried out by impregnation of porous glasses in aqueous solutions of silver and zinc nitrates stabilized with high-molecular polyvinylpyrrolidone, followed by heat treatment of samples for decomposition of metal nitrates and polymer. Spectral-luminescent properties of composites have been investigated.

The structural characteristics, electrical conductivity, counterion transport numbers, and electrokinetic potential of microporous glass subjected to additional heat treatment at 750°С (MIP-750) in 0.1–0.0001 M NaCl solutions have been studied. The results obtained were compared with the properties of micro- and macroporous glasses prepared by the standard methods. It was found that with an increase in the pore size in the series MIP < MIP-750 < MAP, the absolute values of the electrokinetic potential increase.

Composite materials (CMs) based on matrices of high-silica nanoporous glasses activated by bismuth and yttrium ions have been synthesized. A study was made of the spectral-optical properties (transmission, optical density) and optical absorption characteristics (Urbach energy) of CMs depending on the ratio of introduced bismuth and yttrium (the mass ratio of nitrates in Bi/Y solution from 1 : 1 to 10 : 1) and CM heat-treatment temperature (from 50 to 870°С). Optical spectroscopy revealed that bismuth is in various forms in composites: spherical colloidal particles of bismuth, Bi 3+ , Bi 2+ , Bi + ions; Bi_5^3 + polycations, bismuth dimers. It has been established that the Urbach energy increases with an increase in the heat-treatment temperature of CMs. It was found that an increase in the content of yttrium in CMs (ceteris paribus) leads to the disappearance or appearance of additional absorption bands in the range of 395–740 nm associated with bismuth, which is in various forms (spherical colloidal particles of bismuth, Bi 3+ , Bi 2+ , Bi + ions; Bi_5^3 + polycations, bismuth dimers). In the composites, near-IR region spectroscopy was used to identify vibrations characteristic of lattice vibrations in Y 2 O 3 , to absorb Bi + ions, Bi 0 and bismuth dimers Bi_2^ + .

Composite materials (CMs) activated by silver and lanthanum ions based on high-silica porous glass (PG) matrices have been synthesized. The CMs were studied by IR spectroscopy in the narrow frequency range of 1000–400 cm–1 at room temperature. The bands corresponding to the Ag–O, Ag–O–Ag, O–Ag–O, La–O–H, and La–O bonds vibrations were detected on the infrared transmission spectra of the CMs. In addition, bands corresponding to the presence of Ag2O, La2O3 were found. Accordingly the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy method the lanthanum and silver are evenly distributed throughout the thickness of the samples.

The chemical composition, structure, and electrokinetic characteristics have been studied for different vitreous materials, including basic silicate glasses and those modified with iron and nickel oxides in the course of melting. The position of the isoelectric point and the value of the electrokinetic potential of monolithic particles (two-phase glasses and quartz-like glasses) and microporous samples obtained by acidic leaching have been analyzed as depending on the chemical composition and surface structure of the materials in a solution of NaCl as an indifferent electrolyte. The influence of specifically sorbable nickel ions on the electrokinetic characteristics of silicate glasses and nickel-containing vitreous materials has been investigated.