We consider the Schwarz problem for J-analytic functions for the case in which the Jordan basis Q of the matrix J contains complex conjugate vectors. Conditions on the matrix Q are obtained under which there exists a unique solution of the Schwarz problem in Hölder classes.

The Schwarz problem for J -analytic functions in an arbitrary ellipse is considered. The matrix J is assumed to be two-dimensional with distinct eigenvalues lying above the real axis. An example of a nonconstant solution of the homogeneous Schwarz problem in the form of a vector polynomial of degree three is given. A numerical parameter l of the matrix J , expressed via its eigenvectors, is introduced. After that, one relation derived earlier by the present author is analyzed. Based on this analysis, a method for computing the dimension and structure of the kernel of the Schwarz problem in an arbitrary ellipse is obtained. Sufficient conditions for the triviality of the kernel expressed via the ellipse parameters, the eigenvalues of the matrix J , and the parameter l are obtained. Examples of one-dimensional and trivial kernels are given.

The Schwarz problem for J-analytic functions in an ellipse is considered. In this case, the matrix J is assumed to be two-dimensional with different eigenvalues located above the real axis. The Schwarz problem is reduced to an equivalent boundary value problem for the scalar functional equation depending on the real parameter l. This parameter is determined by the Jordan basis of the matrix J. An analysis of the functional equation was performed. It is shown that for l∈[0,1], the solution of the Schwarz problem with matrix J exists uniquely in the Hölder classes in an arbitrary ellipse.

Summary. Aim: To assess oxidative stress and structural changes of the serum albumin in rats with transplanted Walker-256 carcinosarcoma (W256) strains with varying sensitivity to doxorubicin (Dox). Materials and Methods: The study was performed on female Wistar rats with transplanted W256. On the 9th day after tumor cell transplantation an analysis of peripheral blood, oxidative stress para­meters, and structural changes of serum albumin of experimental animals was performed. Results: On the 9th day after W256 transplantation a significant increase in the leukocyte counts was observed in the groups of animals with the Dox-resistant and parental (Dox-sensitive) W256 tumors compared with the group of the intact animals: up to 14.24 ± 1.92 • 103/μl and 9.78 ± 1.03 • 103/μl, vs 8.92 ± 1.04 • 103/μl, respectively, due to the increase of granulocyte and monocyte counts. The number of lymphocytes was within the normal range. The level of hemoglobin and the erythrocyte counts were also within normal limits, but hematocrit in both groups of animals with tumors somewhat increased against the background of 1.2-fold elevation of the mean erythrocyte volume. In the group of rats with Dox-resistant W256, there was observed a decrease in the plateletcrit by almost 22% and thrombocyte counts — by 28%. Analysis of oxidative stress indices revealed a significant increase in the level of reactive oxygen species, 2-fold increase of malonic dialdehyde level and the degree of oxidative damage of blood plasma proteins, as well as a decrease in the activity of catalase in hemolysates (by 12–15%) in both groups of tumor-bearing rats. With the use of differential scanning calorimetry, UV and fluorescence spectroscopy we have revealed anomalous conformational changes of albumin caused by tumor development: structural rearrangements in the region of its first drug binding site located in the IIA domain, separation of globular parts of albumin molecule, and partial “opening” in a protein molecular three-domain structure resulting a loss of its thermal resistance. Conclusion: The development of transplanted Walker-256 carcinosarcoma, especially its Dox-resistant variant, results in severe metabolic intoxication reflected in alteration of hematological parameters, and indices of oxidative stress, as well as architectonic changes of serum albumin.

Background: Tissue damage and disruption of metabolic processes as a result of total body irradiation (TBI) could lead to tumorigenesis. Methods: Female rats (25 of 32) were X-irradiated with a 6-Gy dose. On month 12±1 animals were sacrificed. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), amylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Ca 2+, creatinine, glucose, phosphorus, urea, uric acid, total protein, pO2, pCO2, pH, and blood cell count were evaluated in blood. Tumors were examinated histologically. Results: On 12±1 months after TBI, 76% of rats had visually detected tumors, histologically classified as benign fibro adenomas. Metabolic, hematological changes versus healthy control indicated disturbances in the homeostasis system. The blood lactate level was typically higher in animals with tumors than without. The ratio of tumor weight to lactate (or LDH) level in blood was 1±0.5 in the 63% of rats and histological analysis revealed the signs of biphasic hyperplasia of glandular lobes and connective tissue stroma, associated with secretory and proliferative activities in tumor. In animals with high values of this ratio (≥1.5) neoplasms were represented by fibrous and glandular tissues presenting a predominant stromal fibrous component, associated with the prevalence of high proliferation in tumor. While in 20% of tumor bearing rats with the low ratio (<0.5) predominated an epithelial structure with homogeneous basophilic content in the glandular lumens, suggesting the domination of secretory activity in tumor. Conclusions: TBI promoted the alterations of hematological and biochemical parameters of homeostasis in rats and provoked the appearance of benign tumors one year after. The ratio of tumor mass to lactate (or LDH) level in blood seems to be an informative indicator of the histological particularities of tumors, suggesting the prevalence of proliferative or secretory activity, or the balance between them.

Over the recent years, carbon particles have gained relevance in the field of biomedical application to diminish the level of endo-/exogenous intoxication and oxidative stress products, which occur at different pathological states. However, it is very important that such carbon particles, specially developed for parenteral administration or per oral usage, possess a high adsorption potential and can remove hazard toxic substances of the hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic nature usually accumulated in the blood due to the disease, and be absolutely safe for normal living cells and tissues of organism. In this work, the stable monodisperse suspension containing very small-sized (Dhydro = 1125.3 ± 243.8 nm) and highly pure carbon particles with an excellent accepting ability were obtained. UV-spectra, fluorescence quenching constant and binding association constant were provided by the information about conformational alterations in an albumin molecule in presence of carbon particles, about the dynamic type of quenching process and low binding affinity between carbon and protein. The later was confirmed by DSC method. In vitro cell culture experiments showed that carbon particles did not possess any cytotoxic effect towards all testing the normal cell lines of different histogenesis, did not show genotoxic effects and were absolutely safe for experimental animals during and after their parenteral administration. These observations may provide more information about how to develop a safe preparation of carbon particles for different biomedical applications, in particular, as a mean for intracorporeal therapy of various heavy diseases accompanied by the increased endogenous intoxication and the level of oxidative stress.

The Schwarz problem for functions analytic in the sense of Douglis in an ellipse is considered. Necessary and sufficient conditions on the $$\ell \times \ell $$ matrix $$J$$ and the ellipse $$\Gamma $$ are obtained under which the Schwarz problem has a unique solution in Hölder classes. In the case of $$\ell = 2$$ and matrices with distinct eigenvalues, the Schwarz problem is reduced to a scalar functional equation. Sufficient conditions on a Jordan basis of $$J$$ are obtained under which the Schwarz problem is solvable in an arbitrary ellipse. Matrices $$J$$ with eigenvalues lying above and below the real line are considered.

In this research, studies were conducted on the possibility of providing thermal compensation of the information display device circuit based on a holographic waveguide when the wavelength of the radiation source ch as a result of changes in ambient temperature. A variant of implementing the waveguide structure in terms of the geometry of the diffraction gratings arrangement is proposed, its main parameters (grating period, thickness, refractive index) and the dependencies between them affecting the quality of the reproduced image are determined.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are well known for their application in various fields of industry, as well as in biology and medicine. Knowledge of synthesis schemes, physicochemical and morphological features of nanoscale CeO2 is important for assessing their antioxidant behavior and understanding the mechanism of oxidative stress and its consequences. The choice of the method of synthesis should be based on the possibility to choose the conditions and parameters for obtaining CeO2 with controlled dimensions and a ratio of Се3+/Се4+ on their surface. In this study, CeO2 NPs are synthesized by precipitation in mixed water-alcohol solutions at constant pH = 9. The properties of obtained NPs are studied using various methods of physical-chemical characterization such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The size of CeO2 NPs varied from 14 to 4.2 nm with increasing alcohol concentration, while the effect of constant pH during synthesis on the morphology of the particles was insignificant. The synthesized nanoparticles form highly stable aqueous suspensions since their zeta-potential is higher than + 40 mV. It is found that the ability of CeO2 NPs to self-stabilize is associated with the presence of hydrated Ce4+ ions on their surface. In vitro biological studies have shown that, regardless of particle size, CeO2 NPs have antioxidant potential, but smaller NPs with a higher percentage of Ce3+ on the surface had a more effective antioxidant effect. In addition, the size-depended activity of CeO2 NPs to inhibit the amyloid formation of insulin is demonstrated.

AIM:To evaluate the changes of some biochemical blood plasma parameters and morphological structure of the internal organs of rats with transplanted doxorubicin (DOX)-sensitive (Walker 256) and doxorubicin-resistant (Walker 256/DOX) strains of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study was performed on female Wistar rats with transplanted Walker 256 or Walker 256/DOX and intact animals (control). On the 9th day after transplantation of tumor cells, a comparative analysis of some blood plasma biochemical parameters and morphological examination of the liver, kidneys, myocardium and spleen of rats was carried out.RESULTS:Walker 256 growth, in comparison with Walker 256/DOX, is accompanied by more pronounced systemic effect on tumor-bearing rats. Uric acid concentration in the blood plasma of Walker 256 bearing rats was significantly (by 15.5%) higher than in Walker 256/DOX bearing rats. Aspartate aminotransferase activity in the Walker 256 group was significantly (by 107.2%) higher than in Walker 256/DOX group, but alanine aminotransferase activity was 58.5% lower. 56.7% decrease of alkaline phosphatase in rats with Walker 256, and 21% increase of this index in rats with Walker 256/DOX were observed. The growth of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma led to greater structural damage of the liver, kidneys and spleen in experimental animals compared with Walker 256/DOX strain.CONCLUSION:Tumor growth in rats with Walker 256/DOX leads to less pronounced changes in the biochemical parameters of rat blood plasma and morphological structure of internal organs compared with wild-type carcinosarcoma.

НИКОЛАЕВ В.Г.* ПАТРИК ГЕДДЕС: У ИСТОКОВ

Activated charcoal (AC) can be taken orally as enterosorbent for treatment of pathological states related to exogenous and endogenous intoxications. Synthesized granulated AC with a highly developed active surface (SBET ~2700 m2/g) was used as a medical countermeasure (MCM) to acute radiation sickness (ARS) in rats after total body X-ray irradiation. AC demonstrates positive results in ARS treatment, as expressed in, (i) a decrease in body weight loss, (ii) a protection of bone marrow (BM) cells colony formation capacity, (iii) a reduction of BM chromosomal aberrations and small intestine and spleen tissue damage, (iv) an amelioration of white blood cell count, and (v) a mitigation of superoxide ion generation rate in the liver. AC oral prescription seems to be perspective modality of ARS treatment.

AIM:To evaluate the influence of dispersed fibrous carbon sorbent (DFCS) on malignant fungating wounds (MFWs) in Guerin's carcinoma-bearing rats with an assessment of wound bacterial microflora.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study was performed on female Wistar rats inoculated subcutaneously with Guerin T8 carcinoma into the upper interscapular region. On day 20, the tumors were infected by injecting the suspension of S. aureus 8325-4. After 24 h, gauze dressings were applied daily to the wounds in the control group and DFCS in the experimental one. The state of the wounds was assessed by visual control with photo monitoring, odor control on a verbal rating scale and microbiological analysis of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of wound microbiota.RESULTS:On the 3rd day after the start of dressings, the number of S. aureus of 8325-4 strain was significantly higher in the wounds of rats in control group than experimental one (5.14 ± 0.27 vs 3.43 ± 0.33 lg CFU/ml). The total number of Staphylococci in the DFCS-treated wounds did not differ statistically from the number of S. aureus 8325-4 strain whereas in control ones were higher by an order of magnitude. On the 10th day the total number of Staphylococci and S. aureus 8325-4 in particular, remained consistently high in the wounds of the control rats, while was almost five orders of magnitude lower and represented mainly by S. aureus 8325-4 in the experimental ones. The total number of aerobic and optionally anaerobic microorganisms was significantly lower as well. A greater variety of microorganisms in the gauze-covered wounds, as well as an their increased number were accompanied by enhancement of the wound odor from "noticeable" to "strong". There was an appearance of a "barely noticeable" odor in only one animal from the experimental group.CONCLUSION:The study has demonstrated the ability of DFCS to control substantially the bacterial microflora as well as malodor of MWFs in vivo. The results obtained can contribute to solving the problem of improving the quality of palliative care for patients with malignant and other chronic wounds.

We study the homogeneous Schwarz problem for Douglis analytic functions. We consider two-dimensional matrices J with a multiple eigenvalue and a eigenvector, which is not proportional to a real vector. We obtain a sufficient condition for the matrix J under which there exist two linearly independent solutions of the problem defined in a certain domain D . We present an example.

Almost three decades ago Dr. Nikolaev and co-authors reported a remarkable finding that a single-course low volume hemoperfusion through uncoated spherical activated carbon led to a significant increase in survival of dogs acutely irradiated with X-rays of the dose of 5.25 Gy (Artif. Organs. 1993; 17: 362-8). In those studies, the adsorptive detoxification, which is characteristic for carbon adsorbents, was less likely to play a predominant role in radioprotection, thus prompting the authors to assume that some other, unknown, mechanisms were involved. This article is aimed to interpret the radioprotective effect of activated carbon, based on the mounting evidence that it is capable of reducing the oxidative stress and promoting the recovery in various tissues and organs (including hematopoietic) with an active involvement of relatively radioresistant tissue-resident macrophages.

The liver failure means inability to perform its normal synthetic, biotransformation and excretory functions. The disturbance of metabolic processes leads to the development of ''metabolic endogenous intoxication'' resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress initiates the processes of oxidation of amino acid residues of blood plasma proteins causing the changes in their structure and functions. The effect of administration of highly activated porous carbonic enterosorbents on oxidative stress manifestations and molecular conformation of serum albumin in blood of experimental animals with acute liver failure induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) needs to be investigated. Two forms of activated carbonic enterosorbents such as AC1 (primary beads with the range of diameters of 125–250 μm) and AC2 (secondary granules prepared from micronized AC1 having the mean particle size of ~1 μm) derived from phenol-formaldehyde resin were used in rat model with CCl4 intoxication. The total level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in blood plasma, the activity of catalase (CAT) in blood hemolysates; the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver homogenates, and the level of oxidative modification of proteins (OMP) such as aldehyde-dinitrophenylhydrazone (A-DNPH) and ketone-dinitrophenylhydrazone (K-DNPH) derivatives in blood plasma and liver homogenates were determined. In addition, the level of pro/antioxidant ratio in blood hemolysates and the content of lipid peroxidation product - malondialdehyde (MDA), in blood plasma and liver were determined. Melting thermograms of blood plasma proteins (BPP) and molecular conformation changes of serum albumin were analyzed by biophysical methods (differential scanning microcalorimetry and spectrofluorimetry). The extent of CCl4-induced oxidative damage in blood and liver of experimental animals was shown to be less expressed for AC1 in comparison with AC2 enterosorbent. However, AC2 used in the form of secondary granules positively influenced some biophysical properties of albumin molecule (temperature of melting, shape of melting endotherm and intrinsic fluorescence) after rats exposure to CCl4. In general, administration of both AC1 and AC2 led to the reduction of oxidative stress manifestations and partial restoration of native molecular conformation of serum albumin. These observations are promising in terms of achieving recovery of detoxification potential of organism after severe liver injury.

We study the Schwarz problem for J -analytic vector-valued functions in an ellipse with a square matrix J admitting a nondiagonal Jordan form. We obtain conditions on the ellipse and matrix J necessary and sufficient for the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the Schwarz problem with an arbitrary boundary function of Hölder class. Under certain conditions on the matrix J , we show that the homogeneous Schwarz problem in an ellipse has a solution in the form of a vector polynomial of an arbitrary degree.

Leukopenia is an essential part of the clinical course of acute radiation sickness and is a side effect of anti-cancer treatment. In both situations, the main factors which determine the survival are the degree of bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal tract damage due to the presence of a large pool of fast-dividing cells. Leuko- and neutropenia are main limiting factors which may contribute to chemotherapy failure. Hematopoietic cytokines the part of conventional therapy in this field, but their effects require boosting. That is why the use of means and methods of adsorption therapy is considered promising. Sorption therapy creates a basis for sorption detoxification, a doctrine of curative measures directed to the removal of toxic endogenous or exogenous compounds from body fluids. The most widely used types are the purification of blood or its components (hemosorption), oral administration of sorption materials (enterosorption) and application-sorption therapy of wounds and burns. In this chapter, the results of early and recent research and prospects for the use of carbon adsorption therapy for the treatment of acute radiation sickness and cytostatic myelosuppression are discussed.

Background. Anthracycline antibiotics are one of the most effective anti-cancer drugs, but their cardiotoxicity what limits its therapeutic use. Objective. To analyze the efficiency of enterosorption in doxorubicin-induced cardiohemodynamics violation. Methods. Subchronic doxorubicin toxicity was modeled by injecting the anthracycline antibiotic intraperitoneally at a dose of 5 mg/kg once a week for 4 weeks, in total 20 mg/kg. Male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into 3 groups: control; DOX-group and DOX + enterosorbent C2 rats (γ = 0.18 g/cm3, BET area 2162 m2/g). Cardiohemodynamics was studied by the Millar Instruments, heart morphometry – by Avtandilov’s method. Results. Mortality rate in DOX-group was 25%. Ejection fraction and Stroke work indices were lower compared to the control group, preload adjusted maximal power decreased by 57.6%, minimum volume and end-systolic volume increased by 76,2 and 67.5% respectively. End-systolic stiffness of left ventricle (Emax) as well as arterial elastance (Ea) and end-systolic pressure had tended to decrease. Indices of left ventricle (LV) volume at systole increased: V@dPdtmax – by 73.3%, V@dPdtmin – by 81.9%. End-diastolic volume increased by 54.6%. As for the dPdtmin, and Tau constant we observed the slight tendency to its decline. Endocardial surface of LV increased by 42.7%, Planimetric Index – by 40.4% compared to the control group of rats. In DOX+C2 group mortality rate was 18.75%. We observed the strong tendency to normalization of the main indices compared to the DOX group and shrinking of the LV. We want to underline the positive trends especially in Ejection Fraction (from 39.62±10.50% to 46.23±11.46%) and Stroke Work (from 6406.50±3345.83 to 10363.14±7329.55 mmHg×uL) as important indicators of the effectiveness of cardiac pump function. Conclusions. Enterosorption demonstrated positive impact on the doxorubicin-induced violated cardiohemodynamics and decreased the mortality rate. It is a ground for further investigations.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ КРАНИОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ У ДЕВУШЕК С МИОПИЕЙЛевченко Ю.С. 1 , Никель В.В. 2 , Браун В.Н. 1 , Николаев В.Г. 2 1 КГБУЗ ККОКБ им.проф.П.Г.Макарова, Красноярск, e-mail: 2924469