In this work, an original approach was proposed for obtaining spherical and rod-shaped titanium dioxide particles and the influence of TiO2 particle morphology on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/g-C3N4 composites was investigated. Composites were synthesized using sol-gel methods to achieve the desired TiO2 morphologies anchored onto g-C3N4. The synthesized materials were characterized using SEM-EDS, XRD, nitrogen vapor adsorption-desorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. It was found that, the specific surface area for TiO2sph/g-C3N4 (157 m2/g) was larger than that of TiO2-rod/g-C3N4 (117 m2/g), which is an important factor for the photocatalytic activity. For the first time, a study was conducted on the influence of the photocatalyst particles morphology on the photocatalytic destruction of a mixture of organic dyes with different states in solution (Rhodamine B, Methylene Blue, Reactive Red 6C). It was found that the concentration of MB and RhB dyes decreased to zero for 60 min in the presence of the TiO2-rod/g-C3N4 photocatalyst under UV irradiation. Results indicate that the specific morphology of TiO2 significantly impacts the photocatalytic efficiency of the TiO2/gC3N4 composites, attributed to differences in surface area, charge carrier separation efficiency, and light absorption properties. This comparative study provides insights into structure-activity relationships for designing efficient heterojunction photocatalysts for wastewater remediation.

New composite antimicrobial materials based on halloysite and the antiseptic drug chlorhexidine acetate have been synthesized and studied via the adsorption method. During the drug adsorption, both the surface area and the pore space volume decrease due to the filling of the halloysite pores. For the first time, the density functional method has been used to assess the differences in the texture of the studied materials. adsorbed CA CA adsorption kinetics Hly At 106/mol g-1 80 40 0 dV/dD/cm3 mm-1g-1 0 1000 2000 3000 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 Pore size distributions 0 10 20 t /min D/nm

A hybridological study of biotypes of species close to Elymus caninus: E. prokudinii, E. viridiglumis, E. goloskokovii, as well as a number of morphologically deviant biotypes in Russia and Kazakhstan, was carried out. The objectives were to study the levels of reproductive relationships and the degree of integration of the species E. goloskokovii, E. prokudinii, and E. viridiglumis into the E. caninus complex. Our estimates of the seed fertility of natural parental biotypes were within 60–90 %. Among the combinations of crossing in F1, the highest seed setting was found in the hybrids formed by parental pairs from close habitats, regardless of the taxonomic rank of biotypes. The highest fertility values (55.6 and 46.1 %) were found in combinations involving E. caninus, E. viridiglumis and E. goloskokovii. It has been concluded that the biotypes of these species included in sexual hybridization form a single recombination gene pool, within which slight differences in reproductive compatibility are observed. The nature of the inheritance of the diagnostic features of lemmas“presence of trichomes” and“length of awns”, according to the digenic and monogenic type, respectively, is shown. The high seed fertility of the created hybrids and the presence of intermediate forms in the F2 generation according to distinctive features indicate the possibility of interspecific introgression when species grow together in natural populations. Thus, the assessment of the inheritance of diagnostic characters makes it possible to classify E. goloskokovii, E. prokudinii, and E. viridiglumis as intraspecific taxa of E. caninus s. l. Data were obtained on the morphological and reproductive properties of interspecific hybrids with the participation of the species E. mutabilis as a possible donor in the speciation of taxa close to E. caninus. In cross combinations of E. caninus × E. mutabilis and E. mutabilis × E. caninus, lower values of seed fertility of hybrids in the F1 and F2 generations were noted compared to hybrids between the species E. caninus, E. goloskokovii, E. prokudinii and E. viridiglumis. Nevertheless, on the basis of chorological and morphological criteria, we concluded that E. caninus and E. mutabilis are independent species.

In this work, the successful synthesis of nanostructures based on MXenes by initiating a pulse discharge between titanium wires immersed in carbon tetrachloride is presented. By choosing carbon tetrachloride as the environment, the formation of oxide structures in the synthesized samples could be avoided. The characterization of the obtained structures was carried out using various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis, EDS, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. The results confirmed the successful formation of MXenes with a Cl− occupying the interlayer space. The properties of the discharge initiated in CCl4 were also determined. The results suggest the potential of this plasma-liquid method for the synthesis of high-purity MXenes without impurities commonly found in conventionally prepared samples.

Two-component ionogels containing clay minerals such as montmorillonite K10 (Mnt-K10), bentonite (Bent), and halloysite (Hly), as well as imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) were prepared in present work. The ILs that were used in the synthesis included a bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide anion (TFSI-) and various cations: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIm(+)), 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium (PMIm(+)), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIm(+)), and 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium (BDMIm(+)). The thermal behavior of the synthesized ionogels and neat ILs was investigated using differential scanning spectroscopy (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). It was found that the thermograms of PMImTFSI, BMImTFSI, and BDMImTFSI showed inflections corresponding to glass-transition, which shifted towards higher temperatures with the introduction of aluminosilicate. The largest shifts compared to the neat ILs were observed for IL/Bent ionogels. It was assumed that the identified differences in the thermal behavior between the neat and clay-entrapped ILs (confinement effect) are associated with an increased role of ion-wall interactions compared to ion-ion interactions. When studying the thermal stability of the materials under consideration, two opposite trends were noted. On the one hand, the characteristic temperatures of thermal decomposition of the synthesized ionogels were lower than those for the neat ILs. But on the other hand, when introducing aluminosilicate into any IL, a decrease in the maximum rate of thermal decomposition was observed in accordance with series of IL > IL/Mnt-K10 > IL/Hly > IL/Bent.

This study investigated the impact of new composites based on PVA and chitosan on wound healing in mice. Metal or metal oxide nanoparticles were synthesized without reagents by creating an impulse discharge between metal electrodes in a polymer dispersion. Polymer composites and coatings were then prepared using these nanoparticles. The composites were analyzed using various techniques, including UV spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmittance electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The maximum concentration of nanoparticles in the composite was 3.5%. The average diameter of the nanoparticles was approximately 50-60 nm. The inclusion of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles accelerated the healing process by approximately 25%.

A combination of X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and measurements of magnetic characteristics are used to study the crystal structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of nanocomposite powders based on transition metals Ni, Co, Cu, and Fe, synthesized in low-temperature underwater plasma for the first time. Results demonstrate the possibility of synthesizing nanocomposites with given contents of NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4, and Ni1 – xCuхFe2O4 ferrites, which ensure small ferromagnetic resonance linewidths, and ε-Fe2O3, which has high frequency resonance in the millimeter range of electromagnetic radiation.

In the current study, Cu2O/CuO, Cu2O/Cu nanopowders and bimetallic Ag/Cu/Cu2O nanoparticles were successively synthesized using solution combustion, reduction, and co-precipitation methods. XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and TG analysis have been used to characterize and study the synthesized materials. The structure, morphology and elemental composition of the powders were evaluated. It was found that the pH of the medium affected the morphological parameters of the Ag/Cu/Cu2O particles. The synthesized Ag/Cu/Cu2O samples showed fungicidal activity against Fusarium oxysporium 280 phytopathogens. Nanoparticles synthesized at pH = 9 and pH = 7 had a high inhibitory activity and formed a lysis zone with the sizes of 27 and 24 mm, respectively. The results obtained can be used to suppress specific fungal infections of cotton.

Nanosized composite materials based on BaTiO3 with 0.5 % and 1 % Fe2O3 were prepared by the sol -gel method and subsequent heat treatment. This work showed that increasing the content of iron(III) oxide in a heterostructured material affects the bleaching of the dye rhodamine B upon irradiation with visible and ultraviolet light. The highest photocatalytic activity was observed on the solid surface of the samples in an air environment under both visible and UV irradiation. The BaTiO3/0.5 % Fe2O3 sample was found to be most effective in an air environment when irradiated with an artificial visible light source. The increase in efficiency could be due to the best separation of charge carriers at the interface between the barium titanate and iron(III) oxide structures and the highest concentration of the resulting radical anions. An increase in the mass fraction of Fe2O3 led to a decrease in the efficiency of the nanoscale composite photocatalyst, which was due to a greater recombination of charge carriers.

Recently, an acoustic individual identification (AIID) approach based on recognition of dolphins by individually distinctive calls such as “signature whistles” has been applied to bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus. Some other Odontoceti species can also have individually specific calls: e.g., in beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas, these are so-called “contact calls”. In this pilot study, we have tested the possibility of using the presumed contact calls of belugas to obtain the data on occurrence, number, and individual composition of their local aggregations in the natural environment. We have concluded that the diversity of contact calls can serve as an acceptable indicator of the number of individuals in the research area; in addition, these calls are potentially applicable for individual acoustic identification in belugas.

Efficient interfacial charge transfer and robust interface interactions are crucial to achieve superior spatial separation of carriers and develop advanced heterogeneous photocatalysts. This study describes the synthesis of a novel S-scheme heterojunction of ZnO/In2S3, with S−O covalent bonds, achieved through a hydrothermal method. The optimized heterojunction shows exceptional photocatalytic activity, achieving a H2 generation rate of 2488 μmol g-1 h-1 and a degradation efficiency of 86% for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) within 2hours. These values surpass those of In2S3 alone by 35 and 1.4 times, respectively. Various techniques, including electron spin resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy and density functional theory calculations confirm the S-scheme heterojunction. The establishment of a chemical S−O bond between In2S3 and ZnO facilitates an atomic level interfacial pathway, enabling efficient transportation of interfacial electrons.

The article performs a comparative analysis of the underwater sounds of two sympatric dolphin species living in the Black Sea: bottlenose and common dolphins. During sound processing and analysis, the special program nanoCAD 22 was used. Both the similarity of the physical parameters of the sounds of the two species and a number of specific features of whistles characteristic of each were demonstrated. Common dolphin production of some types of whistles with significant similarities (sometimes almost identical) to the signature whistles of bottlenose dolphins was detected and analyzed.

The North Okhotsk endemic × Elyleymus magadanensis Khokhr. is presumably an intergeneric hybrid of Elymus boreoochotensis and Leymus mollis. A comprehensive study of a unique population of the species from a classic habitat in the vicinity of Magadan was carried out. Analysis of ISSR-fragments DNA showed the genetic heterogeneity of the sample of natural individuals. The chromosome number was established to be 2n = 4x = 28, this is consistent with the assumption that the hybrid genotypes of the species have an allotetraploid constitution, including the St and H subgenomes from the genus Elymus and the Ns and Xm subgenomes from Leymus mollis. Sequences of genes GBSS1 and β-amylase were analyzed in the putative parental genotypes of E. confusus, E. sibiricus and two accessions of × Elyleymus magadanensis. Cluster analysis of sequences made it possible to confirm the origin of × Elyleymus magadanensis as a result of hybridization of E. confusus and L. mollis. It was concluded that the hybrid taxon is a sterile amphihaploid with the most probable genomic formula Ns1Ns2StH.

In this study, barium titanate was modified by introducing magnetite at 1 % and 10 % levels during sol-gel synthesis to determine the effects of ceramic nanocomposite composition on photocatalytic activity and structural features. Particle size, phase and elemental composition, and specific surface area were analysed. The proposed chemical reactions that occur during the preparation of a nanocomposite material and the resulting oxide forms of iron as a result of heat treatment are described. The second-order phase transitions were detected in the samples by differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the average particle size of the powders tested did not exceed 205 nm. The band gap for the tested samples reduses with increasing proportion of iron oxide introduced: the band gap is 3.2 eV for BaTiO3, and for BaTiO3/1 % Fe3O4 - 3.2 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the powders during the decomposition of the organic dye rhodamine B was investigated. The proportion of decomposed dye on the catalysts in the aqueous solution was as follows: for BaTiO3 - 31 %, for BaTiO3/1 % Fe3O4 - 56 % and for BaTiO3/10 % Fe3O4 - 39 %. The influence of the phase composition and the system of barium titanate in the samples on the catalytic activity was determined. Possible mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation of the pollutant are considered. The operation of catalysts in cyclic mode was tested.

The development of the field of application of ceramic nanomaterials for medicine has recently been of significant interest. These include nanodispersed barium titanate powders, which exhibit antimicrobial and antifungal activity. They are considered as carriers of drugs, as well as biocompatible components of bone tissue. The search for new opportunities to realize the potential of nanodispersed barium titanate in biomedicine is an urgent task. The paper presents a method for the synthesis of nanosized barium titanate powder obtained by heat treatment at 800 degrees C in an air environment of sol-gel synthesis products. The resulting nanomaterial has a crystalline structure with cubic structure. According to electron microscopy, the powder particles are characterized by a polydisperse composition and are partially agglomerated. The results of energy dispersive analysis of the samples are presented. The particle size in the dispersion ranges from 50 nm to 250 nm, and the Scherrer crystallite size is 3.85 nm. The degree of hemolysis was assessed in vitro using fresh donor blood in the presence and absence of barium titanate nanoparticles. The hemolytic effect of barium titanate (>5%) manifests it self at a high concentration of powder (450,ul/ml) in the blood, which indicates the biocompatibility of nano-sized BaTiO3 up to the specified concentration. The effect of BaTiO3 concentration on free radical oxidation of lipids and antioxidant activity in blood serum was analyzed using the method of induced chemiluminescence. It has been established that at a concentration of 200 ,ul/ml BaTiO3 exhibits antioxidant activity, and at 400 ,ul/ml it has the ability to activate free radical oxidation of blood serum lipids.

The article considers microevolutionary relationships of Elymus species common in the Southern Urals. The objectives were to trace genetic links between E. uralensis and E. viridiglumis described from closely located habitats and to assess the possibility of introgression of E. uralensis with E. mutabilis and E. caninus during joint growth. ISSR DNA analysis was used to identify genotypes. The use of six ISSR primers showed the presence of multiple reticulate microevolutions in mixed populations of Elymus species in the Southern Urals. This process is based on periodic spontaneous hybridization with subsequent interspecific introgression. According to the specificity of ISSR profiles, the endemic species E. uralensis showed no relationship with the Siberian group of E. komarovii - E. transbaicalensis - E. margaritae species. The objective was to identify reproductive compatibility between the species E. uralensis, E. viridiglumis, E. mutabilis, and E. caninus of the Southern Urals, to trace the dynamics of seed fertility and recombination of diagnostic traits in hybrids in the F-1-F-3 generations. In seven crossbreeding combinations, F-1 hybrids were created that produced full grains. This fact indicates the absence of strict reproductive isolation of E. uralensis from other species growing together with it. Modeling the introgression process under experimental conditions showed the possibility of stabilizing the seed fertility of hybrids in subsequent generations. As a result of hybridization, a set of recombinant morphotypes was formed that combined trait of different species. Based on the analysis of hybrid segregation by marker traits, it is possible to assume the origin of the species E. uralensis and E. viridiglumis of the Southern Urals with the participation of local ancestral biotypes E. caninus and E. mutabilis.

The paper presents the results of mechanical and electrical tests of composite materials based on biodegradable polymers (polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, starch) and synthetic layered double hydroxides (Ni–Al, Zn–Al) obtained by two-stage (chemical) and one-stage (plasma chemical) methods. The one-stage method for producing composites involves the formation of filler structures during the burning of low-temperature plasma in the bulk of an aqueous polymer solution. Electrode materials were used as precursors. Regardless of the production method, 2D hexagonal structures are formed and embedded in the polymer matrix. This is evidenced by IR spectroscopy data showing shifts in the main characteristic bands and the appearance of new ones. It has been established that layered fillers can be both plasticizers and reinforcing agents. The influence of the viscosity of the polymer matrix on the mechanical characteristics of the composites has been revealed. The introduction of fillers changes the surface roughness, leading to an increase in hydrophobicity of the composites. It has been established that the current–voltage curves of the composites are nonlinear, so that such composites can be considered as flexible analogues of nonlinear electronic components.

A mixed magnetite–maghemite solid solution and a bentonite–iron oxide composite material are synthesized via chemical coprecipitation. It is found that the bentonite–iron oxides composite is characterized by considerably weaker residual magnetization and stronger coercive force than Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 powder. X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy data show that bentonite influenced structural features of the magnetite–maghemite in the composite.

We represent a comparative analysis of GBSS1 gene fragment sequences for a number of species related to Elymus caninus: Elymus prokudinii, Elymus viridiglumis, Elymus goloskokovii, as well as a number of morphologically deviating biotypes, inhabiting Russia and Kazakhstan. Microevolutionary relationships between species were assessed from dendrograms derived from sequences of exons and introns. In all taxa, the St subgenome was represented by St(2) variants, rather typical of the North American ancestral line of Pseudoroegneria spicata than of the Asian line descending from Pseudoroegneria strigosa. All putative relatives of E. caninus had H-1 subgenome variants linked around the Asian diploid carrier of the H genome from Hordeum jubatum and were divided into two subclades. One of them (H1-1) contained most of the closely related E. caninus clones, including Elymus uralensis. Another subclade (H1-2) consisted of five variants phylogenetically related to Elymus mutabilis. We have also studied reproductive relationships between species E. goloskokovii, E. prokudinii, and E. viridiglumis and the degree of their integration into the E. caninus complex. Biotypes included in sexual hybridization formed a single recombination gene pool, within which slight differences in reproductive compatibility were observed. A comprehensive study of microevolutionary differentiation of taxa showed the expediency of taxonomic revision. The species mentioned should probably be relegated to the infraspecific rank within E. caninus s. l.

The paper presents comparative characteristics of Zn - Fe LDH obtained by co-precipitation and plasma treatment of colloidal solutions of zinc and iron oxides. Obtained layered structure were analyzed by XRD, TG and UV-vis characterizations, and evaluated by mixture of three dyes (Rhodamine B, Reactive Red 6C, and Methylene Blue) degradation under UV light irradiation. Obtained Zn - Fe layered structures exhibited improved photocatalytic activity for all three dyes. The use of underwater discharge plasma has broad prospects for obtaining new photocatalysts.