随着人口增加、全球化进程加快,生物入侵已成为世界性的生态安全问题.云南地处中国西南,拥有多样的生态环境,但由于作为边境省份,对外交流频繁,是中国生物入侵的脆弱区,致使其生物多样性和自然环境受到严重威胁.本文以云南维管束植物为评估对象,通过收集、整理、分析和研究云南外来入侵植物的相关资料和数据,并对重点区域和重要外来入侵植物开展野外调查,构建外来入侵植物数据库,以评估外来入侵植物的危害等级和程度.结果显示:云南计有外来入侵植物321种4变种,隶属59科190属;I级恶性入侵类有31种,Ⅱ级严重入侵类有42种,Ⅲ级局部入侵类有48种2变种,IV级一般入侵类有57种,V级有待观察类有143种和2变种;入侵植物以原产热带美洲的最为多样,占全部入侵种类的50％以上;入侵途径可分为自然扩散、无意引入和有意引入3种类型.为有效控制外来植物的入侵,除加强外来入侵植物的监测和预警外,可采用物理、化学、生物或综合性方法,对现有外来入侵植物进行根除和防治.

开展旅游资源丰度、旅游业绩效和表征旅游接待能力的旅游公共服务能力的量化研究,对三者空间分布特征与匹配关系进行分析,可以揭示地区旅游发展的问题,为旅游发展量化研究提供测度方法.本研究以四川省178个典型区县为研究对象,构建旅游资源丰度指数、旅游业绩效指数和旅游公共服务配套指数指标体系,利用大数据弥补传统旅游统计数据的不足,采用核密度法和空间自相关模型对三类指标空间分布及匹配特征进行分析.结果表明:(1)旅游资源丰度、旅游业绩效和旅游公共服务能力在空间分布上呈较强集聚性;(2)旅游业绩效受资源丰度和旅游公共服务的影响,资源丰度指数越大,旅游绩效随公共服务能力增长的速率越快;(3)四川省71.91％的区县属于三者匹配不平衡状态,低丰度—高公共服务—低绩效、中丰度—中公共服务—低绩效是匹配不平衡的主要类型.本研究所构建的指标体系及研究结果,能够科学表征旅游资源丰度、旅游业绩效和旅游公共服务配套三者匹配关系,对准确定位旅游资源开发、优化旅游公共服务和推动旅游产业协调及可持续发展具有重要意义.

报道了草海水生维管束植物3个新记录种:小果荨麻Urtica atrichocaulis(Handel-Mazzetti)C.J.Chen、尖萼车前Plantago cavaleriei Lévl.和水朝阳旋覆花Inula helianthus-aquatilisC.Y.Wu ex Y.Ling.在此基础上,根据Flora of China的标准,对草海已记载的水生维管束植物的名称进行校对和梳理,结果表明草海共有水生维管束植物30科54属86种,其中,栽培种4种,外来入侵种3种.

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New technical developments have led to a 2 orders of magnitude improvement of the resolution of the collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy (CRIS) experiment at ISOLDE, CERN, without sacrificing the high efficiency of the CRIS technique. Experimental linewidths of 20(1) MHz were obtained on radioactive beams of francium, allowing us for the first time to determine the electric quadrupole moment of the short lived [t_{1/2}=22.0(5) ms] ^{219}Fr Q_{s}=-1.21(2) eb, which would not have been possible without the advantages offered by the new method. This method relies on a continuous-wave laser and an external Pockels cell to produce narrow-band light pulses, required to reach the high resolution in two-step resonance ionization. Exotic nuclei produced at rates of a few hundred ions/s can now be studied with high resolution, allowing detailed studies of the anchor points for nuclear theories.

What would be the impact of external nitrogen additions on soil carbon, an issue still under debating, as reported experimental results were either positive, negtive or neutral. Several factors may be related to these seemingly controversial results: differences in ecosystem types and soil properties, soil carbon detection methods, soil depths, and contents of soil labile and recalcitrant carbon that affect the responses to nitrogen additions, all could cause discrepancies and variations in carbon sequestration. The several processes that contribute to enhance soil organic carbon storage include increasing litter input, decresing soil carbon output, particularly, by supressed decomposition of recalcitrant carbon, promoting soil humifiction and formation of recalcitrant carbon storage. However, there are still many uncertainties associated with these issues. To improve our understanding, the research about carbon in deep soil layers, dissolved organic carbon leaching and accumulation, and the effect of labile and recalcitrant soil C ratios on N addition responses, should be further investigated in the future studies.

The Collinear Resonance Ionisation Spectroscopy (CRIS) experiment at CERN has achieved high-resolution resonance ionisation laser spectroscopy with a full width at half maximum linewidth of 20(1)MHz for 219,221Fr, and has measured isotopes as short lived as 5ms with 214Fr. This development allows for greater precision in the study of hyperfine structures and isotope shifts, as well as a higher selectivity of single-isotope, even single-isomer, beams. These achievements are linked with the development of a new laser laboratory and new data-acquisition systems.

The phylogeny of Asian Schefflera was inferred from sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region, and six plastid regions (the ndhF gene, the trnL-trnF region, the rps16 intron, the atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer, the rpl16 intron, and the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer). Phylogenetic analyses of the combined plastid and internal transcribed spacer data with parsimony and Bayesian methods strongly support the monophyly of Asian Schefflera. The genus is supported to be closely related to Heteropanax and Tetrapanax with the small tropical continental Asian genus Heteropanax as its sister. Within Asian Schefflera, four distinct subclades were identified: (i) the widely distributed Asian Heptapleurum group with no styles in the gynoecium; (ii) the main Agalma group with racemose or spicate inflorescence units with a few umbellate taxa; (iii) the Schefflera hypoleuca group; and (iv) the Schefflera heptaphylla group. In a broader phylogenetic framework of Araliaceae, Asian Schefflera is hypothesized to have originated in continental Asia at 57.41 Mya (95% high posterior density interval of 40.33-76.06 Mya) in the early Tertiary and radiated into the now SE Asia, eastern Himalaya, and E Asia at 46.11 Mya (95% high posterior density interval of 33.02-60.69 Mya). Its subsequent diversification in Asia may have been driven largely by the collision of the Indian plate with the Asian plate in the middle Eocene and the collision of the Australian margin with the Eurasian margin in the early Miocene.

Dashanbao Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve is one of the international key wetlands located at northwest part of Zhaoyang district in Zhaotong city of Yunnan province,in which 358 species of vascular plants are recorded at present.In accordance with the eco-life form,28 species belong to aquatic plants,which accounts for 7.82 % of the total taxa;239 hydrophytes namely 66.76 % in total plants;91 terrestrial species,accounts for 25.14 % of the total species.Based on this study,four viewpoints were concluded as follows: ①The types of eco-system in Dashanbao nature reserve was relatively complete;②Within the scope of northeastern Yunnan,the submerged plant communities of Batrachiium bungei,Blyxa echnisperma and Potamogeton oxyphyllus were firstly reported in Dashanbao;③The rich and diverse hydrophyte perennial herbs(157 species) were the main plant resource in Dashanbao nature reserve;④On the basis of the relic terrestrial evergreen shrub Quercus monimotricha and the shrubby bamboo Yushania qiaojiaensis,it is clear that subalpine shrub formation Quercus monimotricha and subalpine shrubby bamboo formation Yushania qiaojiaensis are original natural vegetation in Dashanbao natural reserve area.

Ligusticum gongshanense Pu, R. Li & H. Li, a new species of Umbelliferae from western Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It is closely similar to L. franchetii H. de Boissieu, but differs by having unbranched and light yellow stem, white petals, and styles shorter than stylopodium.

Pleurospermum tripartitum Pu, R. Li & H. Li, a new species of Umbelliferae from western Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It is closely similar to P. macrochlaenum K. T. Fu & Y. C. Ho, but differs by having unbranched stem, conspicuous calyx teeth, and white petals.

就云南独龙族民间常用的22种植物药进行了简要的报道.

Based on the field investigation and specimen identification,the diversity of vascular plants in Dashanbao Black-necked Crane Natural Reserve is analyzed.The results show that the vascular plants in this region belong to 72 families,197 genera and 358 species(subspecies or varieties),in which 18 were cultivated and 3 were exotic invasive species.The floristic character is temperate feature and typical alpine flora of eastern Asia.The absence of trees or shrubs in current flora of Dashanbao Black-necked Crane Natural Reserve is a result of long time human activities.Relatively poor water plants in this region is nature adaptation.

A new species of Primulaceae, Primula lihengiana C.M. Hu & R. Li, from W Yunnan, China is described and illustrated. It resembles P. ovalifolia and P. klaveriana; it differs from the former by the leaves tapering gradually at base, the calyx being longer and lobed below middle into lanceolate 3–5-nerved lobes, and by the exannulate corolla; from the latter it can be easily distinguished by its scapes, pedicels and abaxial surface of leaves densely covered with tawny multicellular hairs and especially by its heterostylous flowers.

We measured the soil respiration of an eroded hillslope in the Chinese Loess Plateau by using Automated Soil CO2 Flux System.The soil erosion/deposition on the slope was determined by the measurements of137Cs inventory.The results indicated that soil respiration rates were significantly lower at non eroded sites on the summit than that at deposition sites on the slope bottom,but no significant differences were observed for the middle slope sites as compared with the leveled summit.The curves of daily rate of the soil respiration among different positions were similar.The soil temperature at the soil depth of 5 cm was a key factor controlling the soil respiration rate,and the temperature effect decreased with the decline of soil water contents.There existed a significant positive correlation between the soil respiration and the soil water contents,the correlation coefficients were 0.891,0.878 and 0.892(p=0.043,0.050,0.042)for the summit,middle and lower slope respectively.There was no linear or exponential correlation between the soil temperature and the soil respiration rate.

Zhu, G. †, Li, H. & Li, R.: A synopsis and a new species of the E Asian genus Pinellia (Araceae). — Willdenowia 37: 503–522. — ISBN 0511-9618; © 2007 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. doi:10.3372/wi.37.37209 (available via http://dx.doi.org/)The genus Pinellia is endemic to E Asia (China, Korea and Japan) with a centre of diversity in E China (Anhui, Zhejiang and Fujiang). Nine species are recognized, among which P. fujianensis is described as new to science. A key to the species, synonymies, descriptions, taxonomic notes, data on habitats and distribution are given and all species are illustrated.

The purpose of this research was to estimate the response of surface soil organic carbon and soil nutrition to the combining actions of grazing and vegetation restoration.A grazed hillslope with four types of vegetation in the Majiasongpo catchment,Xichang,Sichuan Province was investigated to understand the effects of grazing on surface soil organic carbon(SOC),available nitrogen(N) and bulk density.The 0—5 cm surface soil samples at top,upper,middle and lower positions of the eroded hillslope were collected respectively.There were four treatments of tree-growth area,shrub-growth area,natural-grass re-growth area, and bareland at each slope position.Results show that surface SOC and available N are enhanced with restoration of vegetation.The improving effect of the vegetation ranks in the ascendant order of tree,grass and shrub.Grass and shrub can significantly improve the content of available N,while there is no significant difference found between tree and bare land.Differences in SOC and available N between slope positions are not significant.Treatments,in terms of increased soil bulk density,are shrub,tree,grass and bare land in turn.Significant difference exists between shrub and bare land,and there are no significant differences among other treatments.The response of surface soil to the combining actions is different.Surface SOC and available N are significantly decreased by grazing under the tree,while there are no significant influences under the shrub and grass.

The northern Gaoligong Mountains is rich in species and it is one of the richest areas of plant diversity in the world. So far, 2 514 native species and 302 varieties (or subspecies) belonging to 778 genera in 172 families were recorded. Based on the statistics and analysis of families, genera, and species, a floristic study on the seed plants of the northern Gaoligong Mountains was carried out. The results are as follows: 1) The main floristic feature is temperate, but it is greatly influenced by tropical elements. The floristic relationships are complex, and many kinds of distribution types are represented here; 2) During the long geological history, the process of fusion and development among Gondwanaland and Laurasia floras is a key to the origin of modern flora of the northern Gaoligong Mountains. In addition, some elements that came from Indo-Malaysia and North Temperate (especial Eastern Asia) differentiated into variously rich endemic taxa in the region. Based on the tropical Asian flora, all of the endemic taxa and the two elements mentioned above together changed into the framework of the present flora during geological time; 3) The horizontal and vertical vicariance of the flora is evident in the northern Gaoligong Mountains.The disjunct distribution is also evident,the main disjunct type is a distribution pattern from northwest to southeast Yunnan or only distribution in the southwest of the line that along from northwest to southeast Yunnan; 4) The endemism within the flora is rich and the endemic elements differentiated strongly in the region.The palaeoendemic and neoendemic elements can co-exist in the region,but the neoendemic elements are dominant.These data show that northern Gaoligong Mountains not only is a refuge for some ancient floristic elements but also is a differentiation center for some new floristic elements.