Motivated by the recent 3.9 sigma evidence for CP violation from the LHCb collaboration in decays of an antitriplet beauty baryon to a charmonium, an octet baryon, and a pseudoscalar meson, we perform, for the first time, a systematic analysis of this class of decays within the framework of flavor SU(3) symmetry. Several predictions for branching ratios and CP violating relations that can be tested in future experiments are found, in particular DACP = ACP(A0b -* p pi-J=psi) - ACP(A0b -* pK-J=psi) = ACP(A0b -* n pi 0J=psi) - ACP(A0b -* (nKS; nKL)J=psi). Our results provide guidance to test the availability of SU(3) symmetry and search for possible CP violation effects in this class of decays.

We investigate a minimal realization of spontaneous leptogenesis in the type-II seesaw model, where the lepton and Higgs asymmetries are generated as decay and inverse-decay processes drive the plasma toward the displaced equilibrium dictated by a rotating Majoron background. We derive the complete set of Boltzmann equations governing the evolution of asymmetric particle densities and analytically and numerically identify the freeze-out and freeze-in regimes. The resulting asymmetries depend primarily on the triplet branching fractions and are nearly independent of the triplet mass. The asymmetry scales as the square root of the smaller branching fraction when either decay mode into leptons or Higgs fields is suppressed, reflecting the symmetry structure; the lepton number is conserved once either coupling is turned off. We also show that the Majoron background does not induce CP-asymmetric decay of the scalar triplet in the massless final state limit, and thus its impact is negligible. Our results establish spontaneous leptogenesis as a simple and robust alternative to thermal type-II leptogenesis that requires neither additional scalar triplets nor explicit CP-violating interactions.

We investigate the collider signatures of a maximally flavor-violating U(1)L-mu-L-r odel, where a new gauge boson Z' and scalar triplets induce lepton flavor-changing interactions in the mu-tau sector. Focusing on four-lepton final states at multi-TeV lepton colliders, we conduct a detailed analysis of cross sections, asymmetries, and polarization effects. We show that the signal cross section is highly sensitive to m(z )and the effective parameters g(-)/m(z),( )whereas it remains largely insensitive to the triplet Yukawa couplings within the phenomenologically allowed region. The forward-backward asymmetry exhibits a characteristic monotonic dependence on m(z, )and beam polarization can significantly suppress the Standard Model backgrounds while enhancing new physics contributions. We find that, in the phenomenologically allowed parameter space, the predicted observables remain highly sensitive to the underlying model parameters. These results show that multi-lepton final states are powerful probes of the U(1)L-mu-L-r framework and can offer valuable guidance for future searches at muon and electron-positron colliders.

We present a broken SU(3) flavor analysis of weak radiative decays of spin-1/2 hyperons, incorporating current-current and electromagnetic-penguin contributions as well as charge- and mass-insertion effects. Six independent reduced amplitudes describe all decay channels, while a minimal relation between the parity-conserving and parity-violating form factors reduces to eight free parameters. A global fit to the ten available observables yields χ^2/d.o.f.=0.98 and accommodates the large negative asymmetry in Σ^+→ pγ. The resulting nonzero effective form factor g_b_8 provides a possible flavor-symmetry realization of the parity-violating amplitude while remaining compatible with Hara's theorem, which constrains the current-current contribution in the exact symmetry limit. Our analysis favors a sizable negative value of α_γ(Ξ^- → Σ^- γ), which differs from the current experimental result by approximately 1.3σ. Future precision measurements of this observable will provide a decisive test of this prediction.

We explore the potential to detect the U(1)Lμ−Lτ model featuring triplet scalars Δ at the μTRISTAN collider. The new gauge boson Z′, arising from the spontaneous breaking of U(1)Lμ−Lτ, can exhibit maximal flavor changing interactions under the exchange symmetry, while Δ mediates the flavor conserving interactions. The absence of muon (g−2)μ can be explained by interference effects arising from opposite contributions of Z′ and Δ, with similar interference patterns also manifesting in the tau decay process τ→μνν¯. These counteracting effects render the model phenomenologically interesting and warrant further investigation. For the mass mZ′ in the range of hundreds of GeV, we find that μ+μ+ and μ+e− collider at the μTRISTAN can probe many regions inaccessible to current experiments and offer greater projected sensitivity than opposite-sign muon colliders. This suggests that μTRISTAN can serve as complementary exploration to the U(1)Lμ−Lτ model, providing compelling motivation for the next generation of high-energy lepton colliders.

We explore the potential to detect the U(1)L mu-L tau model featuring triplet scalars Delta at the mu TRISTAN collider. The new gauge boson Z ', arising from the spontaneous breaking of U(1)L mu-L tau, can exhibit maximal flavor changing interactions under the exchange symmetry, while Delta mediates the flavor conserving interactions. The absence of muon (g- 2)mu can be explained by interference effects arising from opposite contributions of Z ' and Delta, with similar interference patterns also manifesting in the tau decay process tau - mu nu nu. These counteracting effects render the model phenomenologically interesting and warrant further investigation. For the mass mZ ' in the range of hundreds of GeV, we find that mu+mu+ and mu+e- collider at the mu TRISTAN can probe many regions inaccessible to current experiments and offer greater projected sensitivity than opposite-sign muon colliders. This suggests that mu TRISTAN can serve as complementary exploration to the U(1)L mu-L tau model, providing compelling motivation for the next generation of high-energy lepton colliders.

In this Letter, we propose a strategy to extract information on the hierarchical amplitude pair in singly Cabibbo-suppressed (SCS) charmed baryon two-body decays, with a dominant amplitude proportional to λ_s = V_cs^* V_us from tree operators and sub-leading one proportional to λ_b = V_cb^* V_ub from both penguin and tree contributions. The coexistence of these two amplitudes is essential for generating nonzero CP violation (CPV) effects. Since the λ_b amplitude is strongly suppressed, its experimental determination is highly challenging. However, by exploiting SU(3) flavor symmetry, which relates the well-measured Cabibbo-favored (CF) amplitudes to the SCS tree amplitudes, information on the λ_b amplitude can be extracted.Using current experimental data, a conservative analysis yields λ_b amplitudes can be as large as about 10% of the corresponding tree amplitudes with a significance of 2.1σ. In addition, the Lee-Yang parameters of these decays provide an independent probe of this elusive term. We further identify two golden decay channels, Ξ_c^0 → p K^- and Ξ_c^0 → Σ^+ π^-, which are particularly well suited for experimental studies of CPV.

We explore the potential to detect the U(1)_L_μ-L_τ model featuring triplet scalars Δ at the μTRISTAN collider. The new gauge boson Z', arising from the spontaneous breaking of U(1)_L_μ-L_τ, can exhibit maximal flavor changing interactions under the exchange symmetry, while Δ mediates the flavor conserving interactions. The absence of muon (g-2)_μ can be explained by interference effects arising from opposite contributions of Z' and Δ, with similar interference patterns also manifesting in the tau decay process τ→ μν. These counteracting effects render the model phenomenologically interesting and warrant further investigation. For the mass m_Z' in the range of hundreds of GeV, we find that μ^+μ^+ and μ^+e^- collider at the μTRISTAN can probe many regions inaccessible to current experiments and offer greater projected sensitivity than opposite-sign muon colliders. This suggests that μTRISTAN can serve as complementary exploration to the U(1)_L_μ-L_τ model, providing compelling motivation for the next generation of high-energy lepton colliders.

Recently, the Belle II Collaboration reported the branching fraction B(B+-* K+vv) = (2.3 +/- 0.7) x 10-5 with a significance of 3.56, which is 2.76 above the Standard Model expectation. Motivated by this measurement, we calculate this decay channel at the next-to-leading order and twist-three level using the perturbative QCD approach. By combining lattice QCD data with our results, we obtain form factors with improved reliability. Using these form factors, we estimate the branching ratios of B+-* K+ semileptonic flavor-changing neutral current decays, including B+-* K+vv and B+-* K+l+l-. To address the anomalies in these two processes, we introduce a leptoquark model as a new physics scenario. Analyzing five possible types of leptoquarks, we successfully explain the latest experimental measurements and derive further constraints on the leptoquarks. Furthermore, the single leptoquark model becomes invalid once the stringent constraints from process BS-* mu+mu- and BS-BS mixing is taken into account.

The SU(3) analysis is considered a powerful tool in charmed baryon decays. Motivated by recent measurements of anti-triplet charmed baryon two-body decays from the Belle, Belle II, and BESIII Collaborations, we have finally determined the last two irreducible representation amplitude(IRA) form factors, $$f^{a\prime }$$ f a ′ and $$g^{a\prime }$$ g a ′ , which were absent in previous work. By considering both real and complex form factor cases in our work, we find that the phases of the form factors are necessary and that complex form factors can explain the experimental data well. Using the fitted form factors, we further numerically study the equivalence of the SU(3) IRA and topological diagrammatic approach (TDA) methods. We find that the IRA and TDA methods can be numerically equivalent with the addition of the new form factors. Based on the conclusions above, and considering some interesting scenarios, the CP violation(CPV) effects can be predicted in these processes at the order of $$O(10^{-3})$$ O ( 10 - 3 ) . This suggests a promising opportunity to observe CPV for the first time in charmed baryon decays. Although our predictions depend on some assumptions, considering that the experimental data is far from sufficient to determine CPV through SU(3) analysis, our study is meaningful and instructive for observing CPV at experimental facilities.

Motivated by the gradual increase in experimental data, we revisit the couplings of axion-like particle (ALP) to electroweak gauge bosons across the ALP mass range from MeV to 100 GeV. We extend both current and projected experimental limits on these couplings, including the ALP couplings with W-boson g(aW) and hypercharge B-boson g(aB). To clarify the contributions from electroweak boson couplings, we analyze and compare the resulting effects for various values of g(aW) and g(aB). The couplings induce flavor-conserving ALP interactions with standard model fermions at the one-loop level, while additionally results in flavor-changing ALP-quark couplings. These phenomena warrant further investigation through rare meson decays and neutral meson mixing processes, particularly in light of recent results from B+ -> K+ nu(nu) over bar and K+ -> pi(+) nu(nu) over bar. We find that the rare two-body decays of pseudoscalar mesons offer the most sensitive probes below the kinematic threshold. In the high-mass region, complementary bounds arise from Pb-Pb collision and Z-boson measurements, including the invisible decay Z -> alpha gamma with subsequent ALP decays and constraints from oblique parameters (S, T, U). Future lepton colliders, such as CEPC and FCC-ee operating at the Z-pole, along with the search for hidden particles, provide further opportunities to probe ALP couplings to electroweak gauge bosons.

Motivated by the more and more abundant experimental data, we revisit the couplings axion-like particle (ALP) to electroweak gauge bosons across the ALP mass range from MeV to 100 GeV. The current and future experimental limits on the couplings are extended. The ALP coupling to W-bosons gives rise to flavor-changing ALP-quark couplings at the one-loop level. These flavor-changing couplings deserve further investigation under current experimental constraints, especially those stemming from rare meson decays and neutral meson mixing processes. Additionally, flavor-conserving couplings of the ALP to Standard Model (SM) fermions arise at the one-loop level as well from ALP-electroweak gauge boson couplings, even in the absence of tree-level couplings to these SM fermions, with consequent ALP decays to the SM fermions leading to constraints on the ALP-electroweak gauge boson couplings. We also investigate processes relevant to Z-boson measurements, such as the invisible decay Z→ aγ, subsequent decays Z→ 3γ and Z→γ ll, as well as constraints from oblique parameters (S, T, U). Our study highlights that rare two-body decays of pseudoscalar mesons offer the most sensitive probes of ALP couplings to electroweak gauge bosons from the loop-induced flavor-violating interactions for ALP masses below the kinematic threshold, while Z-boson decays complementarily explore larger ALP masses. Future lepton colliders, such as CEPC and FCC-ee operating at the Z-pole, along with SHiP, provide further opportunities to probe ALP couplings to electroweak gauge bosons.

We explore the potential to detect the $U(1)_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$ model featuring triplet scalars $\Delta$ at the $\mu$TRISTAN collider. The new gauge boson $Z'$, arising from the spontaneous breaking of $U(1)_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$, can exhibit maximal flavor changing interactions under the exchange symmetry, while $\Delta$ mediates the flavor conserving interactions. The absence of muon $(g-2)_\mu$ can be explained by interference effects arising from opposite contributions of $Z'$ and $\Delta$, with similar interference patterns also manifesting in the tau decay process $\tau\to \mu\nu\bar\nu$. These counteracting effects render the model phenomenologically interesting and warrant further investigation. For the mass $m_{Z'}$ in the range of hundreds of GeV, we find that $\mu^+\mu^+$ and $\mu^+e^-$ collider at the $\mu$TRISTAN can probe many regions inaccessible to current experiments and offer greater projected sensitivity than opposite-sign muon colliders. This suggests that $\mu$TRISTAN can serve as complementary exploration to the $U(1)_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$ model, providing compelling motivation for the next generation of high-energy lepton colliders.

Motivated by the most recent measurement of tau polarization in $Z\to \tau^+\tau^-$ by CMS, we have introduced a new $U(1)_X$ gauge boson field X, which can have renormalizable kinetic mixing with the standard model $U(1)_Y$ gauge boson field Y. In addition to the kinetic mixing of the dark photon, denoted as $\sigma$, there may also be mass mixing introduced by the additional Higgs doublet with a vacuum expectation value (vev) participating in $U(1)_X$ and electroweak symmetry breaking simultaneously. The interaction of the Z boson with the SM leptons is modified by the introduction of the mixing ratio parameter $\epsilon$, which quantifies the magnitude of both the mass and kinetic mixing of the dark photon. Initially, we use the tau lepton as an example to explore the Z boson phenomenology of the dark photon model with both kinetic and mass mixing. The goal is to determine the allowed parameter regions by taking into account constraints from the vector and axial-vector couplings $g_{V,A}^\tau$, the decay branching ratio $Br(Z\to \tau^- \tau^+)$ and tau lepton polarization in $Z\to \tau^-\tau^+$. We found that the mixing ratio plays important role in the Z boson features by choosing different $\epsilon$ values. Furthermore, we aim to generalize our analysis from the tau-lepton case to include all fermions by conducting global fits. This allows us to identify viable regions by incorporating relevant fermion constraints and the W/Z mass ratio. Correspondingly, we obtain the fit results with the kinetic mixing parameter $\sigma=0.074\pm0.021$, mixing ratio $\epsilon=-1.37\pm0.46$, and dark photon mass $m_X=275\pm39$ GeV. Our global analysis indicates a preference for a dark photon mass larger than $m_Z$.

The U(1)L mu L tau Z' model has emerged as a promising candidate to address the longstanding muon (g - 2)(mu) anomaly. Flavor-conserving Z' interactions are subject to stringent constraints from the neutrino trident process and NA64 mu experiments, which limit the Z' mass to m(Z')<40 MeV. To circumvent these constraints, flavor-conserving Z' interactions can be converted into maximal flavor-violating interactions through a discrete exchange symmetry. Maximal flavor-violating Z' interactions contribute to tau ->* mu nu nu via the neutral current, yet the parameter space for this process conflicts with the (g - 2)mu allowed regions. To resolve this conflict, we propose introducing a singly charged scalar that mediates via charged current interactions. This scalar is anticipated to produce a negative contribution to the lepton (g - 2)(t) while concurrently inducing the tau decay tau ->* mu nu nu. Three distinct scenarios arise from the introduction of singly charged scalars: the (9LL operator, driven by weak singlet and triplet, and the (9LR operator, driven by weak doublet. Our analysis of the phenomenology in these three cases reveals that the tension between the muon (g - 2)(mu) anomaly and tau ->* mu nu nu for large Z0 masses can be effectively alleviated only by the singly charged scalars from the weak triplet, whereas the singlet and doublet scenarios fall short. Furthermore, the singly charged scalars from the weak triplet offer an additional explanation for the electron (g - 2)(e) anomaly. Our findings indicate that weak triplets could play a crucial role in Z' models, potentially providing valuable insights for future research into U(1) frameworks.

An increasing number of experimental measurements from the BESIII, Belle, and Belle-II collaborations encourage investigations into charmed baryon two-body decay processes. By including contributions from the penguin diagrams that are ignored in previous studies, we perform a global analysis with SU(3) flavor symmetry. Assuming all form factors are real, we achieve a remarkable minimal χ ^2/d.o.f = 0.788 and find that the contribution of the amplitude proportional to V_cb^*V_ub is of the order ∼ 0.01 , comparable with the contribution of the tree-level diagram. Additionally, by using the KPW theorem to reduce the number of amplitudes from 13 to 7 in the leading contribution, it becomes possible to consider the complex form factor case for the leading IRA amplitude in the global analysis. However, the analysis of complex form factors significantly conflicts with the experimental data Br(Ξ _c^0→Ξ ^-π ^+) , and by excluding this data, χ ^2/d.o.f is reduced from 5.95 to 1.19. Although the analysis of complex form factors shows a significant central value of the penguin diagram contribution, the large errors from the corresponding form factors make it a challenge to precisely determine its true contribution. Consequently, the direct CP violation in decay processes is predicted to be approximately zero. With more data in future experiments, the penguin diagram contribution with the amplitude proportional to V_cb^*V_ub will be precisely determined, allowing for a more accurate prediction of CP violation. Our analysis necessitates further theoretical investigations and experimental measurements in the future.

Motivated by recent experimental data on $\Sigma^+\to p\gamma$ at BESIII, we investigate a class of hyperon weak radiative decays. To estimate these processes, in our research, we employ a new type of light-front quark model with a three-quark picture for octet baryons. In the three-quark picture, with the use of $SU(3)_f$ and spin symmetries, we present a general form of the light front wave function for each octet baryon. By including contributions from the penguin diagram and W exchange diagram, perform a complete calculation on the branching ratios ($Br$) and the asymmetry parameter ($\alpha$) for hyperon weak radiative decay processes. Our results are helpful for discovering additional hyperon weak radiative decay processes in experimental facilities, and our research will promote the theoretical study of baryons.

A 3D reconstruction method of defects inside flat ceramic membranes is proposed, basing on dynamic array element synthesis aperture focusing ultrasound imaging, in order to address the problems of poor visualization of defects inside flat ceramic membranes and to reduce the data requirement for ultrasonic 3D reconstruction. In the dynamic array synthetic aperture focused ultrasound imaging method, a multi-array synthetic aperture in defective areas and a single-array synthetic aperture in non-defective areas are used. By using this method to acquire B-scan images of defects in flat ceramic membranes at multiple location sequences and a body drawing method, three-dimensional visualization of defects in flat ceramic membranes is achieved. It is found that relative errors of the reconstruction of scratches using the dynamic array element synthetic aperture focused ultrasound imaging method range from 1.27% to 2.7%, while the relative errors of the reconstruction of holes range from 2.38% to 3.03%, with an average increase in reconstruction speed of 26.57%. The three-dimensional reconstruction method makes the defects more intuitive and provides an objectiv e condition for subsequent defect analysis. The method is well adapted and economical, with potential applications in the field of non-destructive testing.

The gauged $U(1)_{L_\mu - L_\tau}$ model is a candidate model for explaining the muon g-2 anomaly because the $Z'$ in the model has a natural normal coupling to muon. Due to other experimental data constraints the viable mass range for the usual $Z'$ is constrained to be lower than a few hundred MeV. It has been shown that if the $Z'$ has a maximal off-diagonal mixing, $(\bar \mu \gamma^\mu \tau + \bar \tau \gamma^\mu \mu) Z'_\mu$, a large mass for $Z'$ is possible. This class of models has a very interesting signature for detection, such as $\mu^-\mu^+ \to \tau^- \tau^+$ pair, $\mu^- \mu^+ \to \mu^\pm\mu^\pm \tau^\mp \tau^\mp$ at a muon collider. In this work we study in detail these processes. We find that the in the parameter space solving the muon g-2 anomaly, t-channel $\tau^- \tau^+$ pair production can easily be distinguished at more than 5$\sigma$ level from the s-channel production as that predicted in the standard model. The smoking gun signature of doubly same sign $\mu^\pm \mu^\pm + \tau^\mp\tau^\mp$ pairs production can have a 5$\sigma$ sensitivity, at a muon collider of 3 TeV with $\mathcal{O}$($fb^{-1}$) luminosity.

For the flowing hole affecting the one-dimensional convolutional neural network to identify the ultrasonic defect signal inside the flat ceramic membrane, this study proposed a 1D-CNN based on error compensation for the ultrasonic defect signal identification method of flat ceramic membrane. First, the ultrasonic flaw detector was used to scan the flat ceramic film and obtain the ultrasonic signal of the flat ceramic film. Second, through the analysis of the pulse reflection method, the inherent position of the flowing hole that causes the flowing hole ultrasonic signal was generated with the movement of the probe and change. A "rectangular box" was used for the ultrasonic signal error compensation of the generated flowing hole. Finally, the error-compensated ultrasonic signals were learned and classified employing a 1D-CNN model involving a fused attention mechanism. The experimental results demonstrated that the accuracy of the proposed 1D-CNN based on error compensation for ultrasonic defect identification of flat ceramic films was 95.63%, which was 17.06% higher than that of the 1D-CNN model without error compensation. Thus, the proposed detection method indicates promising potential and value in industrial applications.