对某焦化厂炼焦车间生产、检修过程存在的职业病危害因素进行了全面系统的识别与检测,明确炼焦过程中产生的主要职业病危害因素为焦炉逸散物、一氧化碳、硫化氢、氨、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、煤焦油沥青挥发物、煤焦油、煤尘、噪声、高温,65％的作业岗位焦炉逸散物浓度超标,发生肺癌的风险较高.结合检测结果对职业病防护设施的合理性和有效性进行了分析探讨,并提出了炼焦环节职业病危害的关键控制点和控制措施,为炼焦企业在新时期有效开展职业病防治工作提供技术指导.

目的 了解西安市企业噪声危害的分布情况,为有关部门有效防控噪声提供依据.方法 将企业通过安全生产监督管理系统申报的资料录入Excel 2007中,并应用SPSS 19.0进行统计学分析.结果 西安市噪声危害主要分布于小、微型企业[分别有55家(14.47％)和297家(78.16％)],明显高于大、中型企业[分别有4家(1.05％)和24家(6.32％)],差异有统计学意义(x2=25.10,P＜0.01);在行业分布上以采矿业和制造业为主,其接触人数占全部接触人数的88.26％;在地区分布上以未央区、高新区为主;经济类型方面则主要为有限责任公司和国有企业.结论 国有企业、股份有限责任公司应进一步提高遵守职业病防治法意识,重视噪声危害监测、职业健康检查工作.对未央区、高新区企业噪声危害要予以关注,尤其要加强对采矿业、制造业小微型企业噪声危害的检测与防控,完善西安市企业职业病危害申报项目.

[Objective]To understand the distribution of occupational hazards in operating points of the gold mine and individual exposure levels of workers,and propose preventive measures and personal protection.[Methods]In accordance with "Air Sampling Specification for Monitoring of Hazardous Substances in The Workplace"," Determination of Toxic Substances in The Workplace Air: Inorganic Nitrogen Compounds" and " Airborne Dust Measurement in Workplace " the cyanidation plant was detected and analyzed.[Results]The main occupational hazards were sodium cyanide,hydrogen cyanide,sodium hydroxide,silica dust,carbon dust and noise.The test results showed all chemical substances were within occupational health standard limits.The rate of dust overrun multiple was 37.5%.Noise 8h equivalent sound level exceeded the rate of 75.0%.[Conclusion]Silica dust and noise are the major occupational hazards in crushing and screening,grinding and classification,the prepreg adsorption section.It is recommended to strengthen the daily management and maintenance of dust and dust-proof equipment,and set additional sound insulation wall between intensive high noise equipment and prepreg adsorption tank area.Personal protection and occupational health surveillance should be strengthened to prevent occupational disease.