2021年1月17日,在云南西双版纳勐腊县勐仑镇中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园曼安职工公寓和版纳大学城之间的公路旁(101°15′50″E,21°55′01″N,海拔551 m),于16:25时发现3只尾羽较为细长的棕灰色鸟从地面飞起,2只飞到曼安职工公寓内约3.5 m高的木瓜(Carica papaya)树上停歇,稍后1只飞离.17:35时再次观察到3只具有相同特征的鸟从地面飞起,降落在四楼楼顶,推测应与前者是同一群.2月20至3月23日,再次在相同地点观察到2只同种鸟类(图1).
2019年11月16至18日,在云南省西双版纳傣族自治州勐腊县勐仑镇中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园先后两次观察和拍摄到一种鹎科鸟类.经查文献并与所观察记录到鸟的形态特征进行比对,鉴定为白眉黄臀鹎(Pycnonotus goiavier),为中国新记录鸟种.
The discovery of the pathogen of puerperal(childbed) fever has long been held as a classic example for the hypothetical-deductive model,later on also as a typical case for the model of inference-to-the-best-explanation.This paper makes comparisons between the model of hypothesis-deduction,that of abduction,and that of inference to the best explanation,respectively.Taking Ignaz Semmelweis’ discovery of the pathogen of puerperal fever under examination,we concluded that the model of abduction is most applicable in this case.Extending from this point,our discussion goes on to touch a few basic problems in the philosophy of science.
