A problem of necessity of concentrating trace admixtures of metal ions required for ecological water analysis can be overcome by harnessing a physical phenomenon of phase separation in aqueous solutions during their freezing. It is shown that the accumulation of metal-containing solutes in the channels between ice crystallites in the frozen solids is sufficient for their successful detection by means of low-temperature secondary emission mass spectrometry. Sufficiency of microliters volumes of water is an advantage of such an approach. Observation of various types of metal ions in frozen water samples is demonstrated on the examples of tap water, sea water, snow and a medicinal preparation. Revisiting and summation of physical basics of mass spectrometric examining of frozen water-inorganic salt solutions and estimates of advancement of mass spectrometric instrumentation permit us to propose a workflow for accelerated and simplified mass spectrometric detection of metal pollutants in water.

Изучено влияние иммуномодулирующего и противовоспалительного препарата «Тамерон» на старых обезьян. Показано, что 2-недельное введение тамерона в дозах, в 2,5 раза выше рекомендуемой дозы для человека, не приводит к изменению основных лабораторных показателей крови старых обезьян. Не найдены изменения в большинстве показателей после введения препарата, по сравнению с фоновыми значениями или показателями у обезьян экспериментальной и контрольной групп. В то же время, тамерон изменял число тромбоцитов, показатели гемостаза и уровень тестостерона, смещая их к значениям, характерным для более молодых животных. Изменения в этих параметрах коррелировали с возрастом обезьян. Сделан вывод о том, что тамерон безопасен и оказывал положительное действие на некоторые системы организма обезьян.

The work performed on the creation of the BREST innovative reactor technology based on a lead-cooled fast reactor, mixed uranium-plutonium nitride fuel, operating in a closed nuclear fuel cycle is reviewed. It is shown that a safe and competitive large-scale nuclear energy with practically unlimited fuel resources can be developed based on the BREST reactor technology. The choice of mixed nitride fuel for the BREST reactor as compared with other types of nuclear fuel (oxide, metal, and carbide) is substantiated. The main technical solutions implemented in the BREST-OD-300 project are considered. The results of tests of nitride fuel, computational and experimental substantiation of the core, reactor vessel, operability and safety of the steam generator, development of automated monitoring and control systems, a study of the properties of the coolant and structural materials are presented. The results obtained made it possible to commence designing a commercial high-power BREST-type reactor for large-scale nuclear energy.

У статті проведено дослідження термінів «фінансові дисбаланси» та «глобальні фінансові дисбаланси», «структурні дисбаланси», «волатильність», «турбулентність», які безпосередньо мають відношення до фінансової системи. Детально розглянуто їх тотожність, а також зміст кожної з дефініцій та узгоджено з підходами, що сформовані в матеріалах міжнародних фінансових організацій та в українській науковій літературі. Надано авторське трактування концептуальних засад формування фінансових дисбалансів. Звернено увагу та те, що законодавча неврегульованість функціонування фінансової системи, а саме надто повільне реагування законодавства на технологічні зміни у фінансові системі, може суттєво стримувати розвиток як усієї фінансової системи, так і окремих фінансових установ. Ця ситуація може призвести до формування фінансових дисбалансів і перешкодити її подальшому ефективному розвитку. Проведений аналіз основних тлумачень, пов’язаних із фінансовими дисбалансами, такими як фінансова стабільність, фінансова стійкість, волатильність та турбулентність, дав змогу сформувати концептуальне розуміння фінансової стабільності системи через призму формування структурних фінансових дисбалансів, що знайшло своє відображення в авторському трактуванні, яке наведено у статті.

This article is dedicated to the issues of relations between the state and Islam in Arab countries (Algeria, Egypt, Syria) and in Russia in the contemporary era. Despite the fundamental diff erences between political systems and diff erent experiences in relations between the state and religion, all these societies are facing similar threats and challenges in recent years, causing certain parallels between policies towards Islam. This work is based on both published materials and around 20 interviews with experts, politicians and religious leaders from the researched countries recorded by the authors. The research allowed to defi ne common and diff erent traits of implemented political strategies, made it possible to show the infl uence of such processes as securitization of religion administrating, growing individualization of faith practicing, integration of religious institutions in the civil society structures on the transformation of StateIslam relationship models.

The present paper reports on the results of the joint interaction of two organic cationic compounds of different structure and nature, namely bisquaternary ammonium decamethoxinum (Dec) with flexible dication and methylene blue (MB) with heterocyclic planar cation, with graphene oxide (GO) in aqueous dispersion. The qualitative differences in the 3D structures of GO modified in binary (GO+Dec), (GO+MB) and ternary (GO+Dec+MB) systems were observed and described on the basis of the UV-vis spectral analysis of the systems. On mixing the components of the binary (GO+Dec) system, a rather rapid gelation of GO dispersion was observed. The appearance of binary (GO+MB) system showed dependence on GO to MB ratio: at low GO content, MB -induced coagulation of GO to tiny bluish flakes took place followed by their sedimentation with time while at high GO content, the GO complexes with MB preserved solubility in water. The result of the joint addition of both Dec and MB to GO dispersion differed qualitatively from the above results of action of individual components. On creation of the (GO+Dec+MB) ternary system rapid flocculation of all components of the system was observed resulting in the formation of dark residue surfacing over the purified decolorized liquid. UV-vis spectra of the liquid phase showed suppression of the lines of all components or their complexes practically to the baseline. The compression of (GO+Dec+MB) composite to flocs is explained by the matching of the size of MB cation to that of Dec dication linker, which provides tight filling of the gaps between GO sheets. The observed flocculation effect in the (GO+Dec+MB) system may be of practical interest in the development of nanocomposite and sorption materials. Information on the features of GO interactions with organic cations differing in structure may be useful for advances in drug delivery problem.

The domestic achievements and research results in the field of the creation of low-carbon, cold-resistant, weldable steels supplied in the form of sheet metal for the shipbuilding industry—in particular, for use in the construction of icebreaker hulls, tankers, gas carriers, ice navigation vessels, and offshore stationary platforms—are reviewed. The requirements of the Russian Maritime Shipping Register for the chemical composition, assortment, and mechanical properties of cold-resistant, structural, low-carbon steels, their certification, and the current state of affairs in the development of cold-resistant steels in Russia and abroad are presented. The features and principles of the alloying and microalloying of low-carbon, cold-resistant, weldable steels of various strengths in the range from 315 to 960 MPa and the mechanisms to harden and enhance resistance to brittle fracture at low temperatures are reviewed. The requirements and technological methods for the formation of a steel structure providing the required cold resistance are formulated, the features of the cold-resistant steel structure are described in detail, and recommendations are formulated for further improvement of the properties and quality of cold-resistant steels.

В статье рассмотрены основы ресурсосберегающей технологии переработки семян различных бобовых культур с последовательным получением биологически активных веществ (белков и крахмалов) и последующей биоконерсией линглоцеллюлозной биомассы в биоэтанол. Низкочастотный ультразвук использован как для интенсификации экстракции целевых компонентов, так и для одновременной предобработки растительного сырья для получения биотоплива.

In the present work a method of manufacturing of a nanocomposite of single-walled carbon nanotubes with silver nanoparticles (SWNT AgNP) by ultrasound treatment of SWNT and AgNO3 mixture in aqueous medium is tested, anticipating the advantage of avoiding reducing chemicals employment. Transmission electron microscopy inspection of the objects obtained showed the presence of the nanotubes or relatively small SWNT bundles with inclusion of AgNPs of 5-20 nm in diameter. Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis revealed the sputtering of small silver clusters Ag-n (n = 2, 3, 5, 7, 9) from the nanotubes surface, which may serve as nucleus for the nanoparticles growth. Possible mechanisms of the SWNT AgNPs composite formation under ultrasound treatment due to cavitation-induced processes and sonochemical reactions are discussed.

The purpose of the study was to analyze oscillations of liquid which partially or completely fills the fuel tank rotating around the longitudinal axis of the launch vehicle. The relevance of the problem is substantiated by the importance of assessing the effect of the intake, measuring, damping devices and other inner tank devices on the liquid fuel oscillations. The study introduces the formulation of problems on the motion of an incompressible rotating liquid flowing from an axisymmetric tank of arbitrary shape through the intake device, and gives a detailed study conducted for the fuel compartment in the form of a cylinder as the most common one. Finally, we give the solutions of the problems on normal, i.e. natural, oscillations of the liquid with boundary conditions on a free surface and a surface with resistance — the intake drain surface.

Аннотация В статье изучены общие и специфические черты идейных воззрений, пропагандистской риторики и политических действий представителей халифатистского движения на Ближнем Востоке и в Южной Азии. В ретроспективном ключе прослеживается эволюция представлений о сущности и необходимости возрождения института халифата в трудах исламских идеологов, реформаторов и политиков Джамал ад-Дина ал-Афгани, Абд ар-Рахмана ал-Кавакиби, Мухаммада Рашида Риды, Абул Калама Азада. Внимание авторов сосредоточено на общественно-политических дискуссиях 2030-х годов XX столетия, а также на повестке дня халифатистских конгрессов и конференций этого периода. На них вырабатывались первые представления современников о пост-османском формате мусульманского единства и идейно-политической роли будущего халифата. Авторы демонстрируют различие между моделями реакции мусульман Ближнего Востока и Южной Азии на упразднение османского халифата республиканским руководством Турции. Установлена многоаспектная взаимосвязь между халифатистскими ценностями, проосманскими настроениями и формами самоотождествления, которые сложились в арабских и южноазиатских обществах. Отдельно намечено соотношение между подъемом халифатистских настроений и радикализацией антиколониальных действий мусульман Индостана.Abstract The article deals with analysis of common and specific features of ideas, propaganda, rhetoric and political actions taken by representatives of the movement for defense of the Caliphate in the Middle East and South Asia. The retrospection showing the transformation of conception of the Caliphate and the necessity of its revival in the works of eminent ideologists and politicians of the Muslim world Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi, Muhammad Rashid Rida and Abul Kalam Azad, is also given in the article. The authors also focus on the social and political discussions of the 1920s 1930s, as well as on the agenda of Caliphatist congresses and conferences of this period. They helped to elaborate the early representations of post-Ottoman pattern of the Muslim unity and the ideological and political role of the future Caliphate. The authors demonstrate the difference between the forms of reaction of Muslims in the Middle East and South Asia to the repudiation of the Caliphate by the Republican leaders of Turkey. The article establishes a multi-aspect interaction between the Caliphatist values and forms of self-identification, emerged in Arab and South Asian societies. The correlation between the rise of Caliphatist attitudes and radicalization of anti-colonial actions of South Asian Muslims is also outlined.

A Fourier-holography scheme with superimposed holograms and phase conjugation is considered. It is shown that the sub-holograms, arising from the recording of superimposed holograms due to quadratic nonlinearity of the exposure characteristics of holographic recording media, form the connections necessary for the realisation of the quantum-logic mechanism of sequential projection of the input vector onto the subspaces of the recorded images. A classical mechanism of the ‘Linda’ cognitive phenomenon belonging to the category of quantum-like ones is described. An experimental illustration of the self-sustained formation of sub-holograms due to the nonlinearity of the exposure characteristics of holographic recording media is given.

This article is devoted to university staff who celebrated their jubilee anniversaries in 2018. The article, highlighting some aspects of the professional and social activities of leading specialists of the Odessa University I. I. Mechnikov, was based on their publications, as well as the author’s own observations.

A new class of cosmological tests is proposed which examines the dependence on redshift z of the dispersion in peculiar velocities, virial mass, and mass-luminosity ratios of galactic clusters. Data on galactic clusters with redshifts up to z ≈ 2 are accessible to modern instruments in the visible and x-ray ranges. Clusters of galaxies are less susceptible to evolutionary effects than other objects at large z, so that the proposed tests offer promise for analysis of cosmological models.

A paradoxical relation between the secondary emission mass spectra of Methylene Blue and its leuco form is revealed: in the mass spectrum of the dye cation Cat(+) (oxidized form with the molecular weight 284), an intense product of its reduction with m/z 285 is recorded, while the mass spectrum of the leuco dye (reduced form with the molecular weight 285) corresponds to an oxidized form with a dominating peak at m/z284. An explanation of this empirical fact is proposed: the redox reactions induced by ionizing factors under the conditions of secondary emission experiments pass in the direction permitted for the particular initial form of the redox-active compound. Namely, an oxidized form undergoes reduction, whereas the reduced form is oxidized. This effect should be taken into account for the correct identification of redox-active compounds by their secondary emission mass spectra and for simulating redox reactions in the systems containing redox-active dyes under mass spectrometric conditions.

The article deals with theoretical approaches to the essence of Caliphate as they were formulated by Middle Eastern and South Asian Islamic thinkers. The distinguishing characteristics of Pan-Islamic and Pan-Ottoman conceptions and their perception in the Muslim communities of Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire and among the Sunni Muslims of South Asia are analyzed. The study explores the historical and cultural background of the appeal of Caliphatist values for Muslims of various ethnic origins.

A holographic mode wavefront sensor is proposed, which makes it possible to measure up to several tens of wavefront modes. The increase in the number of measured modes is implemented using the conversion of a light wave entering the sensor into a wide diffuse light beam, which allows one to record a large number of holograms, each intended for measuring one of the modes.

Numerical simulations of the motions of stars in the gravitational fields of binary black holes with various component mass ratios have been carried out. Two models are considered: (1) the two-body problem with two fixed centers; (2) the general three-body problem. The first model is applicable only over short times Δt ≫ T, where T is the period of the binary system. The second model is applicable at all times except for during close encounters of stars with one of the binary components, r ≤ 0.00002 pc, where r is the distance from the star to the nearer black hole. In very close passages, relativistic corrections must be taken into account. Estimates of the probability of formation of high-velocity stars as a result of such interactions are obtained. It is shown that this mechanism is not suitable for the nucleus of our Galaxy due to the probable absence of a second massive black hole in the central region of the Galaxy.