Albumen transparency is an important quality trait of pigeon eggs that directly influences consumer preference and market value; however, its molecular basis remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the key molecular differences between transparent and opaque pigeon egg albumen from an N-glycoproteomic perspective and to explore their associations with macroscopic textural properties. Transparent and opaque pigeon eggs were selected, and N-glycoproteomic analysis combined with texture profile analysis was conducted to compare glycosylation modifications and textural characteristics between the two groups. The results showed that transparent pigeon egg albumen exhibited significantly lower hardness, fracturability, gumminess, and chewiness than opaque albumen. Comparative glycoproteomic analysis revealed that the abundance of 122 glycopeptides was significantly lower in the transparent group, primarily originating from ovalbumin-related proteins and transferrin. Functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction analyses indicated that these proteins are closely associated with the extracellular space and serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity, and form a functional interaction module dominated by ovalbumin family proteins and transferrin. Overall, reduced N-glycosylation of key egg white proteins may influence protein aggregation behavior and gel network formation during heating, thereby contributing to differences in albumen textural properties and transparency. These findings provide glycoproteomic insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying transparency differences in pigeon egg albumen and identify specific glycosylation-related targets that may be exploited to modulate gel properties during thermal processing. This knowledge may support precision quality control of pigeon eggs and facilitate the development of transparent protein-based foods and functional gel products in the food industry.

Background/Objectives: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection disrupts intestinal homeostasis, causing dysbiosis, barrier dysfunction, and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy and mechanisms of a novel probiotic, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron type strain ATCC 29148, isolated from goat feces, against E. coli O157:H7-induced colitis. Methods: This study assessed the protective potential of the probiotic strain Bacteroides thetaiotaomicronBT6 and BT7 in vitro for GI tolerance, adhesion, and no adverse effects were observed. For the in vivo experiment, male C57BL/6J mice were divided into groups treated with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (BT6), PBS, E. coli O157:H7, or a combination. We employed integrated analyses including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, antioxidant status, cytokine profiling, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) measurement. Results: In vitro, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (BT6 and BT7) showed high gastrointestinal tolerance (71.89–93.22% survival). In vivo, it significantly mitigated infection-associated weight loss and disease activity (p < 0.05). Probiotic treatment enhanced barrier integrity, reduced colonic inflammation, and modulated systemic immune responses, notably increasing anti-inflammatory IL-10 while decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (p < 0.05). It also alleviated oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevating antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH) and ATP. Fecal SCFA profiling revealed increased propionic and butyric acid. 16S sequencing indicated that B. thetaiotaomicron (BT6) administration increased beneficial families (Lactobacillaceae, Muribaculaceae) and suppressed pathobionts. Conclusions: B. thetaiotaomicron (BT6) probiotic with potential for mitigating enteropathogenic infection, an effect mainly determined by its capacity to reestablish the intestinal epithelial barrier and enhance global host health, and modulating the inflammatory response.

The rise of multidrug-resistant enteric pathogens and increased demand for antibiotic alternatives have intensified efforts to find reliable, safe, and effective probiotics. This study reports the isolation, characterization, and assessment of the probiotic potential of five Enterococcus strains isolated from the feces of healthy goats aged 7–9 months raised under conventional management. Following an initial screening of 57 lactic acid bacteria, 5 isolates (Enterococcus faecium, E. hirae, E. faecalis, Enterococcus sp., and Streptococcus lutetiensis) were chosen based on their catalase-negative, non-motile, and non-hemolytic characteristics, in addition to their high tolerance to gastric (pH 2.0) and intestinal (pH 8.0, 0.3–1.5% bile salt) stress. In simulated gastric juice, survival rates reached 89.05% (E5) and 85.03% (E3), while in intestinal juice, survival peaked at 78.01% (E4). All strains thrived in 4% NaCl and maintained at least 8 Log10 CFU/mL after 12 h of exposure to 1.5% porcine bile salt. Cell surface hydrophobicity (0.78–93.85%) and auto-aggregation (23–91%) properties were strain-dependent, but exceeded the thresholds required for efficient gut colonization. Co-aggregation assays demonstrated over 45% binding with E. coli and S. typhimurium, suggesting a strong potential to displace pathogens. Cell-free supernatants created inhibition zones measuring 15.02 mm against E. coli and 11.04 mm against S. flexneri, while maintaining activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Antibiotic testing indicated that all strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and florfenicol. No β-hemolysis or mobile resistance genes were found, supporting the initial safety findings. This study reveals that Enterococcus isolates from goats display a unique combination of gastrointestinal survivability and broad-spectrum antipathogenic activity and, therefore, are promising candidates for the development of next-generation probiotic strains for use in livestock (and, potentially, humans). Further in vivo validation and genome-based safety assessments are warranted.

BACKGROUND:Pigeon albumen exhibits superior gel properties and a characteristic translucent appearance, yet substantial variation in albumen transparency exists among individual eggs. The molecular basis underlying this quality difference remains poorly understood, particularly regarding protein and metabolite compositional profiles. RESULTS:We employed label-free quantitative proteomics and untargeted metabolomics to compare transparent and opaque pigeon egg albumen. A total of 55 differentially expressed proteins and 34 differential metabolites were identified. Transparent albumen showed marked upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperones (BiP, calreticulin) and protein disulfide isomerases, whereas vesicle-trafficking proteins (RAB7A, ACTR2) were downregulated. Metabolically, lysophospholipids were the most substantially increased compounds (LysoPA, fold change [FC] = 2.22; LysoPI, FC = 2.14), while l-carnitine (FC = 0.48) and 2-methyl-5-vinylpyrazine (FC = 0.46) were the most decreased. Integrated correlation network analysis revealed 99 significant protein-metabolite associations, predominantly involving polyphenolic compounds. CONCLUSION:These compositional profiles suggest that enhanced endoplasmic reticulum protein folding capacity, altered lipid composition, and redox-related modifications collectively distinguish transparent from opaque albumen. Our findings provide quantitative molecular evidence for albumen quality variation in pigeon eggs and inform composition-based strategies for quality grading, feed optimization, and processing innovation in the poultry industry. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular parasite that manipulates host cell apoptosis and inflammation to support its survival and replication. Our previous work demonstrated that T. gondii activates the Hippo signaling pathway through phosphorylation of mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 2 (MST2), thereby promoting host cell apoptosis. However, the impact of Hippo pathway inhibition on apoptosis, inflammation, and host protection during infection remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that T. gondii infection induces apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages and causes acute liver injury in mice, accompanied by increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. These changes were associated with decreased total protein levels of MST2, large tumor suppressor homolog 1 (LATS1), and Yes-associated protein (YAP), but increased phosphorylation of these Hippo components. Treatment with XMU-MP-1, a selective MST1/2 inhibitor, alleviated apoptosis, dampened macrophage-mediated excessive inflammation, reduced liver damage and parasite burden, and prolonged survival in acutely infected mice. These findings provide the first direct evidence that pharmacological inhibition of the Hippo signaling pathway mitigates T. gondii-induced apoptosis and immunopathology. Our results highlight the potential of XMU-MP-1 as a host-directed therapeutic strategy. Its efficacy against T. gondii in combination with antiparasitic agents may have remarkable clinical application value.

Floppy kid syndrome (FKS) is a metabolic disorder disease in newborn goats caused by intestinal dysbiosis. In this study, pathogens were isolated from the intestinal contents of FKS-affected goats (8 Escherichia coli isolates and 2 Staphylococcus aureus isoates), and virulence gene detection showed that Escherichia coli predominantly expressed HlyD (62.5 %) and K88 (37.5 %), with 37.5 % of isolates co-expressing HlyD/K88; all Staphylococcus aureus isolates carried the nuc, sea, sed, and FnbA. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that amikacin exhibited the highest sensitivity against both pathogens, with sensitivity rates of 87.5 % in Escherichia coli and 100 % in Staphylococcus aureus. By combining virulence gene detection and antimicrobial susceptibility tests, a comprehensive treatment regimen (amikacin + sodium bicarbonate + glucose) was designed, and clinical trial indicated that the 3-day cure rate in the treatment group reached 100 % (24/24), significantly higher than 14.3 % (2/14) in the control group. This study revealed a synergistic pathogenic mechanism between Escherichia coli HlyD/K88 and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, confirming that an amikacin-based combined treatment regimen can effectively alleviate FKS symptoms, thereby providing a theoretical basis for precision medication in FKS.

Floppy Kid Syndrome (FKS) severely restricts goat farming due to high mortality from metabolic disturbances and gut dysbiosis. Here, we aimed to isolate a goat-derived probiotic and evaluate its capacity to restore gut homeostasis in FKSaffected goats. Lactobacillus amylovorus isolates was obtained via selective colony morphology, Gramstain and catalase testing, and confirmed by 16 S rRNA sequencing (≥ 98

Introduction:Probiotic interventions in young livestock are gaining attention for their potential health benefits. Methods:This study involved 15 weaned goat kids (2-3 months old; 10-15 kg body weight), including 10 healthy kids and 5 diarrheic kids. The kids were divided into three groups: Healthy Control (H, no treatment), Probiotic-Treated Healthy (T), and Diarrheic + Probiotic-Treated (D). All kids were maintained under standardized environmental conditions and fed a controlled diet (60% corn, 15% pea skin, 15% silage, 5% hay and 1% vitamin-mineral additives). Probiotic bacteria Enterococcus faecium and Bacteroides fragilis were administered via oral gavage at a concentration of (1 × 109) CFU/mL for five consecutive days. Fecal samples were collected for sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to analyze microbial composition. Results:Healthy groups exhibited significantly greater species richness and diversity compared to the diarrheal group (p < 0.01). The predominant phyla identified were Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidetes, and Bacillota.Increased levels of Xylanibacter, UCG-055, Bacteroides, and Escherichia-Shigella were noted in healthy treated kids, while Prevotellaceae UG_001 and Proteus decreased. Discussion:The findings highlight significant gut microbiota differences between healthy and diarrheal kids, suggesting that modifications in gut microbiota composition could alleviate diarrhea, contributing to preventive and therapeutic strategies for this condition.

With the growing demand for sheep, the sheep farming industry has developed rapidly. However, lamb diarrhea, a disease with high mortality rates, significantly hampers the industry's growth. Traditional antibiotic treatments often disrupt the Intestinal microbiota, induce antibiotic resistance, and cause adverse side effects, highlighting the urgent need to develop alternative therapies. Bacteroides fragilis, a candidate next-generation probiotic, has been closely associated with intestinal health. This study investigated the growth characteristics and probiotic effects of a sheep-derived Bacteroides fragilis isolate, focusing on its efficacy in alleviating lamb diarrhea and infectious intestinal diseases. The experiments demonstrated that the Bacteroides fragilis isolate grows well under mildly acidic conditions (pH 6-8), exhibits some tolerance to bile salts, and has survival rates of 38.89% and 92.22% in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, respectively, indicating its potential as a probiotic. In a mouse model, Bacteroides fragilis intervention significantly alleviated colonic inflammation caused by Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection, enhanced tight junction protein expression, mitigated oxidative stress, and improved intestinal barrier function, with high-dose interventions showing superior effects. In lamb trials, Bacteroides fragilis intervention stopped diarrhea in four out of five lambs, partially restored intestinal microbiota diversity, and reduced the abundance of potential pathogens such as Aerococcus suis and Corynebacterium camporealensis. Therefore, Bacteroides fragilis exhibited remarkable effects in regulating intestinal homeostasis, alleviating inflammation, and promoting recovery from diarrhea.

Background: As critical nodes for zoonotic disease transmission, the microbial community composition in sheep slaughterhouse environments directly impacts meat safety and public health. While existing studies have focused on single-pathogen detection, there remains a lack of systematic understanding of the diversity, distribution patterns, and transmission risks of pathogenic microorganisms in complex environments. This study aims to elucidate the microbial community characteristics of mutton slaughterhouse environments using metagenomics approaches, with a focus on analyzing the ecological distribution of zoonotic pathogens and their potential threats. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 12 environmental samples (n=3 per zone) were collected from a sheep slaughterhouse in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, including slaughter workshop, slaughter tools, pre-slaughter holding area, and production wastewater. Samples were preserved in liquid nitrogen, and total DNA was extracted using the HiPure Stool DNA Kit. Paired-end sequencing (PE150) was performed on the Illumina HiSeq platform. Raw reads were quality-filtered (Cutadapt), and host-contaminant sequences removed (BWA). Clean reads were assembled with MEGAHIT, and unigenes predicted via Prodigal. Clustering by MMseq2 generated a non-redundant gene set, which was annotated against the NCBI NT database using Diamond to obtain taxonomic assignments. Species abundance was calculated at phylum, genus, and species levels, and principal component analysis (PCA) assessed variation between zones. At the phylum level, microbial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria (31.39% - 75%), Firmicutes (11.89% - 43.66%), Bacteroidota (9.15% -41.61%), and Actinobacteria (3% - 14.69%), with significant clustering by functional zones. Genus-level analysis revealed Chryseobacterium, Comamonas, Acinetobacter, Psychrobacter, and Prevotella as top taxa across samples. Species-level profiling detected 6 categories of zoonotic pathogens, notably Staphylococcus aureus (7.07% relative abundance in slaughter tools), Mycobacteroides abscessus (3.56% in slaughter workshop), Vibrio cholerae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Slaughter tools harbored the highest pathogen load; Lactococcus garvieae accounted for 10.39%. Production wastewater contained elevated levels of aquatic pathogens, suggesting environmental dissemination risks. An upset plot showed 116 species shared across all samples, with unique species counts ranging from 88 to 505 per sample. Discussion: This study elucidates the ecological niches of drug-resistant and opportunistic pathogens in a sheep slaughterhouse, identifying production wastewater and slaughter tools as high-risk contamination sources. High abundances of Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacteroides abscessus underscore occupational exposure risks for abattoir workers, while detection of Vibrio cholerae highlights vulnerabilities in wastewater treatment and potential for zoonotic outbreaks. The prevalence of biofilm-forming Firmicutes on tools indicates that conventional disinfectants may be insufficient. Horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes among dominant phyla could exacerbate public health threats. We recommend implementing targeted disinfection protocols, routine metagenomic monitoring for early pathogen detection, stricter PPE use and worker training, and optimization of wastewater pH control. Future studies should expand geographic sampling and integrate functional metagenomics to unravel resistance mechanisms and cross-species gene flow. These strategies will strengthen slaughterhouse biosafety and mitigate zoonotic disease transmission. Keywords: sheep slaughterhouse, public health, environment microbiology, zoonoses, pathogens, metagenomics.

Floppy Kid Syndrome (FKS) is a common and serious disease in goats, with incidence rates ranging from 10 to 50% and mortality rates between 20 and 60%. This study aimed to investigate the etiology of FKS through blood biochemical analysis and metagenomic sequencing. Blood biochemical analysis revealed metabolic disorders in FKS-affected goats, including acidosis and hypoglycemia. Metagenomic analysis showed marked gastric and gut dysbacteriosis, characterized by an increase in pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, alongside a significant reduction in probiotic like Lactobacillus amylovorus. Furthermore, species diversity and richness were notably lower in FKS-affected goats compared to healthy goats. Based on these findings, we infer that FKS is a multifactorial disease caused by gastric and gut dysbacteriosis. The immaturity of the digestive system in newborn goats, combined with environmental stressors (such as sudden changes in weather), leads to gastric and gut dysbacteriosis, with a significant reduction in probiotic and an overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria. The dysbacteriosis, along with the inability to properly digest excessive milk intake, contributes to the accumulation of undigested milk in the digestive tract, creating an environment conducive to pathogenic bacteria growth. The fermentation of milk and the production of excessive lactic acid by pathogenic bacteria are absorbed into the bloodstream, causing acidosis and hypoglycemia. These metabolic disorders, in conjunction with the dysbacteriosis and systemic dysfunction, lead to the onset of FKS. These results underscore the critical role of gastric and gut dysbacteriosis in the pathogenesis of FKS, highlighting the need for targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies.

This research was conducted to evaluate the safety and effects of two probiotic candidate strains, Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) and B. fragilis (BF), which were isolated from healthy sheep, on various factors such as intestinal structure, growth performance, organ indices, and gut microbiota in female C57BL/6J mice. A total of fifty mice were categorized into five groups: BF108, BF109, EF108, EF109, and a control group. The results indicated that mice in the EF108 and BF109 groups experienced a significant increase in body weight by day 28 compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the liver index in the BF108 and EF108 groups was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of the control group. The length of the colon was also significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the EF109 and BF109 groups relative to the control group. According to the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), the presence of probiotics led to an increased relative abundance of Pediococcus acidilactici in the EF109 and BF109 groups, while Lactiplantibacillus plantarum was the most prevalent strain in the EF108 and BF108 groups. Finally, Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated a positive association between Bacillota and Bacteroidota as well as Verrucomicrobiota. Additionally, Bacteroidota displayed positive relationships with Verrucomicrobiota and Planctomycetota, while showing a negative correlation with Actinomycetota and Gemmatimonadota, supporting its potential use as next-generation probiotics. In summary, our results indicate probiotics may have a role in promoting intestinal health by enhancing intestinal shape and histological characteristics.

In order to investigate the infection status and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi (E. bieneusi) in sheep and goats in Jiangsu Province, a total of 786 fresh fecal samples from 18 farms across five regions in Jiangsu were collected and examined for the presence of E. bieneusi, and the genotype of E. bieneusi was examined using nested-PCR and sequencing of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer. The results showed that E. bieneusi was detected in the fecal samples of sheep and goats in all regions, with infection rates ranging from 23.65% to 42.81%. The overall infection rate was 36.51% (287/786). The infection rate of E. bieneusi showed no significant difference between sheep and goats, as well as among different ages of animals (p > 0.05), but showed a significant difference in sheep and goats with different health conditions (p < 0.05). The positive products were amplified and cloned and subjected to sequenced analysis. Six genotypes, BEB6, CHG2, CHG3, CHC8, CHG14, and COS-I, were found. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the six genotypes belonged to Group 2, which had previously been described as a non-zoonotic group.

Background: Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) presents a significant peril to the well-being of goats, manifesting in clinical indications such as coughing, elevated body temperature, and the presence of fibrinous and serous inflammation in the pleura and lungs. Furthermore, it can give rise to secondary complications, including arthritis, urinary and reproductive tract infections, and mastitis. Tiamulin fumarate is a frequently employed pharmaceutical agent for the management of CCPP, exhibiting good therapeutic efficacy against Mycoplasma infection in goats. Presently, the predominant route of administration for tiamulin fumarate is through injection. Nevertheless, this approach possesses inherent constraints and fails to adequately address the exigencies of prompt treatment for goats harboring latent infections or displaying subclinical symptoms. Consequently, the optimization of drug administration methods has emerged as a crucial imperative in the realm of agricultural production. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 15 goats naturally infected with Mycoplasma were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A received nebulization, Group B received intramuscular injection (IM) as the control, and Group C served as the blank control. Nasal swab samples were collected from the 3 groups of goats at 0, 7, and 15 days after the start of treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the intensity of Mycoplasma infection. The weight and clinical symptom changes of the goats in the 3 groups were recorded before and after treatment. The results showed that in Group A, the reduction rates of Mycoplasma infection intensity were recorded as 78.27% and 85.29% at both 7 and 15 days following the initiation of treatment compared to day 0. In Group B, the reduction rates of Mycoplasma infection intensity were calculated to be 76.39% and 80.60% at 7 and 15 days at both 7 and 15 days following the treatment compared to day 0. In Group C, the average intensity of Mycoplasma infection exhibited an increase at both 7 and 15 days in comparison to day 0. In Group A, the average weight gain rates of goats at 7, 15, and 30 days after the start of treatment were 5.64%, 14.11%, and 31.87% in comparison to day 0. These rates were better than those of Group B (5.20%, 11.20%, and 25.44%). The weight gain rates were also superior to those of Group C (5%, 9.54%, and 21.86%). All goats in Group A had their clinical symptoms disappear within 7 days of treatment, while in Group B, all goats had their clinical symptoms disappear within 15 days of treatment. However, in Group C, the clinical symptoms of goats showed no improvement within 30 days. Discussion: The study investigates the efficacy of nebulized tiamulin fumarate in treating 15 naturally infected goats with CCPP by employing quantitative methods in order to investigate changes in infection intensity, weight, and clinical symptoms following medication through nebulization and IM injection. The findings revealed that nebulization exhibits marginally superior therapeutic effects compared to intramuscular injection. Moreover, nebulized tiamulin fumarate has shown a more pronounced impact on promoting goat growth. Additionally, nebulization serves a preventive function for other goats within the same group while concurrently treating symptomatic goats.

Sheep and goats serve as crucial hosts for Cryptosporidium spp. and are primarily responsible for its transmission via the fecal–oral route. This can result in symptoms such as lamb weight loss, diarrhea, and even fatalities, leading to significant economic losses. Currently, there is a lack of scholarly research investigating the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. infection in sheep and goats specifically within Jiangsu province. This study collected fecal samples from sheep and goats, extracted their DNA, amplified target bands using nested PCR, sequenced the DNA, constructed a phylogenetic tree, and identified the genetic genotype. In total, 3 positive samples were identified out of 398 samples. Furthermore, the gene sequences of these samples exhibited significant homology with C. xiaoi in GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Cryptosporidium spp. parasites under investigation are phylogenetically related to C. xiaoi. Conducting epidemiological investigations and accurately identifying the species of Cryptosporidium spp. is of utmost importance not only for the mutton sheep farming industry in Jiangsu but also for the proactive safeguarding of human health.

Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in small ruminants, especially goats and sheep, have caused significant socio-economic and public health challenges worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity and prevalence of GI parasites in goats and sheep in Jiangsu, Shaanxi and Hunan provinces of China, and to assess whether the age of animals, sampling season and feeding mode influence the distribution and infection of GI parasites. A total of 1,081 fecal samples collected from goats (n = 835) and sheep (n = 246) were detected by saturated saline flotation technique and nylon sifter elutriation and sieving method for eggs/oocysts, respectively. Based on the morphological observation of eggs and oocysts, one tapeworm, five nematodes, three trematodes and nineteen coccidia were identified, of which seven helminths belong to zoonotic parasites. The infection rate of parasites was 83.4% (902/1081) in total samples, 91.6% (765/835) in goats, and 55.7% (137/246) in sheep. The infection rate of coccidia was 71.0% (767/1081), and that of helminths was 56.2% (607/1081). The dominant species was E. alijeri (67.3%, 562/835) in goats, E. parva (30.1%, 74/246) in sheep. The highest prevalent helminths were Trichostrongylidae spp. in goats (58.3%, 487/835), and Moniezia spp. in sheep (22.76%, 56/246). Of 902 positive samples, 825 (91.5%, 825/902) contained multiple (2-10) parasites. The feeding mode, sampling season and regions were relevant risk factors which have significant influence on the occurrence of GI parasites in goats and sheep. The risk coefficient of parasite infection in autumn was 2.49 times higher than spring (Odds ratio = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.51-4.09, p < 0.001). Compared to raising on the high beds, the goats and sheep raising on the ground had the higher risk of parasite infection (OR = 3.91, 95% CI = 2.07-7.40, p < 0.001). The risk coefficient of parasite infection in Shaanxi and Hunan was 3.78 and 1.25 times higher than that in Jiangsu (OR = 3.78, 95% CI = 2.01-7.12, p < 0.001; OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.21-1.29, p < 0.001). These data are significant for the development of prevention strategies to minimise economic losses from small ruminant production and to reduce the risk of water and food infecting humans as vectors of zoonotic parasitic diseases.

为了调查江苏省和云南省部分地区山羊毕氏肠微孢子虫的感染情况和基因型,从江苏4个地区和云南9个地区羊场采集282份山羊新鲜粪样,提取基因组DNA,采用基于毕氏肠微孢子虫核糖体内转录间隔区(ITS)序列的特异套式PCR方法进行检测,对阳性扩增产物进行克隆、测序分析,以确定其基因型.结果显示,仅在云南昆明、江苏镇江和宿迁地区的山羊粪样中检出毕氏肠微孢子虫,各地区的感染率为0-22.7％.总感染率为2.8％(8/282),江苏感染率为6.3％(6/94),云南感染率为1.1％(2/188).不同月龄羊间感染率差异不显著(P＞0.05).阳性扩增产物经克隆、测序分析,共获得2个基因型CHG1(n=3)和CHG3(n=5),进化树分析显示2个基因型均属Group 2亚群,无人畜共患性.

为了解肉羊的寄生虫感染情况,本研究从江苏省肉羊产业技术体系的3个基地(高邮基地、睢宁基地、泗阳基地)的示范点羊场共采集了104份山羊粪便样品和40份绵羊粪便样品,通过虫种鉴定,分析2020年度的流行情况,为苏北地区制定肉羊寄生虫病的防治对策提供理论依据.结果发现96.15％的山羊感染寄生虫,其中96.15％感染球虫,58.56％感染线虫,11.54％感染绦虫;92.50％的绵羊感染寄生虫,其中92.50％感染球虫,17.50％感染线虫,20.00％感染绦虫.艾美尔球虫是肉羊的优势虫种.

研究旨在了解江苏部分集约化养殖场肉羊隐孢子虫的流行情况,采集江苏省8个集约化养殖场的446份肉羊粪便样品.根据隐孢子虫的基因序列,运用巢式PCR方法,检测肉羊粪便样品的隐孢子虫感染情况,再通过测序等方法鉴定其虫种类型.结果显示:被检样品中肉羊隐孢子虫的总感染率为4.48％(20/446),经鉴定有2种虫株,分别为泛在隐孢子虫和微小隐孢子虫.研究表明,养殖场内肉羊存在隐孢子虫的感染,可能诱发其他传染病和人畜共患病等问题.

The risk of zoonosis transmission when handling livestock or animal products is substantial, 'One Health' interventions should be an effective strategy for the control of many zoonotic bacteria. In this study, 26 fresh fecal samples from 2 clinically healthy goats were collected at different day ages to survey goat-borne zoonotic bacterial infection, and 19 fresh fecal samples from diarrhetic goats were tested to evaluate the possible role of zoonotic pathogens in goat diarrhea. Following all samples were analyzed by Metagenomic Sequencing, a total of 20 kinds of zoonotic bacteria were screened from healthy goats, and 11 (55%) of them were infection mainly during the preweaned period. Of the 19 fresh fecal samples from diarrhetic goats, all were confirmed to be zoonotic bacterial infection positive (range from 11 to 12 species). After comparison with healthy samples of the same or similar day-age goats, it was found that Lactococcus garvieae, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella sonnei, Shigella boydii, Campylobacter coli, Salmonella enterica, Acinetobacter baumannii, Shigella flexneri, Shigella dysenteriae and Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter fetus were highly increased incases in some diarrheic cases, while the remains had no significant change. The results suggest that goats may act as a reservoir for many zoonotic bacteria, and some of them may be associated with goat intestinal inflammation.