针对目前在船舶爆炸损伤试验中不能有效获得船舶损伤数据,将爆炸过程中船舶船体梁总振动固有频率与爆炸损伤前完好船体总振动固有频率进行对比,建立完好船体和损伤船体多种假想损伤的固有频率数据库,采用神经网络智能方法得到频率改变特征参数与损伤参数的映射关系,对船舶结构损伤状态进行判断.以一艘1500吨级的船舶为研究对象,通过仿真计算船舶结构损伤前后各阶固有频率,基于频率改变特征参数与损伤参数的神经网络智能方法识别船舶结构损伤位置和损伤程度,损伤位置全部定位正确,损伤程度平均精度达97.91％.该方法适用于爆炸损伤条件下的船舶结构损伤识别,新颖有效.

舰船冲击环境是舰船设备抗冲击评估的基础输入数据,其最可靠的来源是实船抗冲击试验,其中低频冲击环境的测试工程上常采用低频振子、簧片仪等专用仪器,这些传感器存在过于笨重、仪器安装相对困难的问题,直接采用加速度计测试结果由于"零飘"导致误差大,其结果不可靠.为此,通过对低频冲击环境形成机理的分析,指出大型舰船低频冲击环境主要来源于舰船低频总振动,并提出一种基于实船抗冲击试验舰船总振动应变的间接测试方法.通过千吨级舰船实船的试验数据证明了该方法的有效性,加速度计实测数据与低频振子测得的数据相比,平均偏差为42.9％,新方法与低频振子测得的数据相比,平均偏差为12.6％.该技术与传统方法相比具有传感器安装简便、测点数目需求低和有效覆盖船长范围大的优势,对实船抗冲击试验的低频冲击环境测试具有重要的参考价值.

[Objectives] The shock resistance standards of the ship's elastic isolation and installations system are all aimed at the isolation system as a whole,and there is no decomposition method of the shock resistance design indexes for the installations,which limits the shock resistance demonstration and development of the installations.[Methods] In this paper,the main factors of the shock environment of the elastic isolation installations are calculated and analyzed by using Finite Element Analysis(FEA) method,including the weight,the position of gravity center,the area of shock isolator,etc. Then the calculation model for the shock environment of the elastic isolation installations is simulated by the established centralized mass model. Based on this centralized mass model,the shock resistance indexes of a double-layer isolation installation are analyzed and calculated,and the shock environment of this installation is given.[Results] The results show that,the weight factor has the most significant influence on the shock environment,especially on the deck area where the base impedance is smaller;the influence of the position of gravity center and the area of shock isolator on the shock environment is negligible.[Conclusions] The standard input environment spectrum can be decomposed to obtain the shock resistance indexes of the elastic isolation installations by the calculation model,and these indexes can provide reference for the subsequent shock resistance design of the installations.

从热力学与螺旋振动动力学的角度,建立了真空导热式螺旋振动干燥数学模型,以低熔点、高感度含能材料1,3,3-三硝基氮杂环丁烷(TNAZ)为实验对象,研究了干燥速率、最终含水率等干燥指标随真空度、水温、螺旋升角和振动幅度等操作参数变化的规律,实验过程稳定、安全、可靠,实验数据证明了数学模型的正确性.研究结果表明:随着热源温度的增大,物料最终含水率减小,但干燥过程安全性越差;真空度越大,物料最终含水率越小,换热效率越低;螺旋升角越大,物料最终含水率越大,干燥效率越高;振幅越大,物料最终含水率越小,干燥效率越低.结合理论分析与实验研究,综合考虑干燥质量、效率以及过程安全性.最佳操作条件为:热水温度80℃,真空度0.01 MPa,螺旋升角45°,振幅0.027 mm.

[Objectives] In order to improve the standards of the anti-shock assessment testing of shipboard equipment,[Methods] the shock response data of the low-frequency vibration of a 200-ton floating shock platform is analyzed. [Results] The difference between the horizontal and vertical low frequency response of the floating platform is not obvious,which indicates that the floating platform diversion device has a significant effect;at least in the low frequency range,it can effectively adjust the vertical and transverse shock strength ratio of the floating platform. There are inflection points in the low frequency band and high frequency band of the low frequency shock spectra of the floating platform;the low frequency inflection point appears at about 4 Hz while the high frequency inflection point appears at about 15 Hz.[Conclusions] The results show that the low frequency shock response of different parts of the floating platform is the same,which means that the low frequency shock response is mainly the rigid body movement of the whole floating platform.

配制了不同含酸质量浓度的三醋酸甘油酯(TA)溶液作为待洗涤的含酸硝酸酯替代物,开展了微通道反应器洗涤脱酸模拟试验,研究了不同实验因素条件对脱酸效果的影响规律.结果表明:该微反应器条件(通道直径0.5 mm,长度30 mm)下,最大能处理wTA=91％,wH2SO4:wH2O=2:3的含酸TA,对应的最佳工艺参数为碱液质量浓度wNa2CO3=3.8％,洗液比V代料:V洗液=100 mL/min:95 mL/min.结果可为硝酸酯的微反应洗涤脱酸提供参考.

In order to investigate the influence of moisture content contained in RDX on the mechanical sensitivity and thermal decomposition, used explosion probability method and fluctuation method, RDX containing different moisture contents were employed to test their sensitivity using HGZ-1 impact sensitivity instrument and MGY-1 friction sensitivity instrument. Besides, the DSC test analysis of different samples was carried out, and the influence of different moisture content on the explosion activation energy of RDX and the critical values of initiation energy were studied. The results showed that the moisture content of RDX had great influence on the mechanical sensitivity which was negatively correlated with moisture content; moisture contained in RDX would reduce the explosion performance of RDX. If the moisture content was higher, the more energy was need for RDX explosion, therefore the RDX c was not easy to burst.

用数值方法模拟带限位功能的冲击隔离器一般采用双线性模型,即在限位器发挥作用前计算模型中的刚度为隔离器的冲击刚度,然而,众多研究表明,隔离器的静刚度、动刚度以及冲击刚度3者在数值上存在较大的差异.为探究2种计算方法在计算结果上的差异性,提高隔离器计算的准确性,对带限位器隔振装置的计算方法进行改进,将传统的双线性计算方法加以优化,采用多线性计算方法.建立结构模型,将隔离器以及限位器的接触部分简化为弹簧和阻尼器;选择合适的隔离器,加载与之相适应的冲击环境;对加速度和速度响应分别进行对比分析.得出结论:多线性计算方法与双线性计算方法计算结果有一定差异,多线性计算方法所计算的加速响应峰值较多线性方法有所降低,且振荡次数减少.多线性计算方法所计算的位移响应峰值略小于双线性计算方法的计算值,多线性计算方法使得响应脉宽出现先窄后宽的现象.

In order to improve the anti-shock characteristics of marine winches and provide some reference for future marine winch design and development, the shock environment was generated for the marine winch testing according to the domestic standard“GJB1060”. The shock characteristics of a three-reel parallel-type marine winch were studied with the finite element software of ANSYS. Acceleration and stress responses of the winch under the shock load in the transverse, longitudinal and vertical directions were analyzed. The maximum stress response ratios of the whole marine winch in the three directions and the positions for the maximum stresses were obtained. The acceleration response characteristics of the six motors of the winch under different loading conditions were summarized, and the anti-shock characteristics of the winch were primarily optimized.

Spectrum dip effect can significantly reduce the shock response of warship equipment with elastic installation under the non-contact underwater explosion environment. In this paper, the finite element method is employed to study the influence of the spectrum dip effect on design spectrum and the installation methods of the warship equipment. The pseudo velocity shock response of the spring oscillator model and the stress shock response of the cantilever model are calculated, compared and analyzed. For the case of the same natural frequency but different mass and stiffness of the top oscillator, the pseudo velocity shock responses of the bottom oscillator of the double spring isolator are analyzed and compared. It is found that the pseudo velocity response and stress response of the bottom equipment significantly decrease when the spectrum dip effect occurs. Then the pseudo velocity of the zigzag design spectrum of the warship equipment needs to be improved; the pseudo velocity response of the bottom equipment decreases and the bandwidth of the spectrum dip effect increases when the mass of the top equipment increases. Some components of the warship equipment with special natural frequency or concentrated natural frequency can be reduced by utilizing the characteristics.

为了获得一种耦合油膜的柴油机冲击响应建模方法,开展了落锤高度0.5m和0.9m,曲轴转速分别为550、900和1 500 r/min的冲击试验,测得了曲轴主轴颈的运动轨迹.采用冲击响应谱的方法,将实测的基础加速度转化为双三角形加速度,以此作为仿真计算的冲击输入.基于AVL-EXCITE和ABAQUS软件,建立了耦合油膜的柴油机曲轴-主轴承系统冲击动力学模型,并计算了上述试验条件下系统的冲击响应,仿真与试验值的误差小于8％,验证了模型的准确性.仿真和试验结果表明:曲轴转速越高,冲击作用对油膜厚度的影响越小,最大主轴颈偏心距在14～30 μm之间,说明落锤高度0.9m产生的冲击也未造成油膜破坏.利用冲击动力学模型计算发现,冲击相位不同时,最小油膜厚度可相差1μm.

利用超声协同Fenton氧化法,对化学需氧量(COD)为9 415mg/L的HMX生产废水进行了超声协同Fenton氧化法降解实验,用最小二乘法对实验数据进行了拟合回归.结果表明,在反应1h内,降解过程表现为一级动力学反应,且COD去除率随超声频率,初始废液pH值和反应温度的增大先增大后减小,随超声强度的增大而增大.在实际操作过程中,超声频率为35kHz,pH值为3,超声强度为1.5kW,反应温度为25℃时废水降解较宜,此时反应活化能为5.63kJ/mol,反应速率表达式为k=0.083 5exp(-5.63/RT).超声波与Fenton试剂间成正协同性,增强因子(f)为1.275.更多还原

The retractable equipment used for winding and towing sonars is an important equipment to guarantee the normal working condition of the sonar and the other important equipment. In this paper, the shock resistance ability of the retractable equipment was simulated in time-domain under different working conditions. The results show that the retractable frame can meet the anti-shock requirement under different working condition, but in the sonar recovery process, the peak value of the stress near the located hole on the base is close to the allowable stress, thus, the hole needs to be reinforced. Then, the acceleration responses of the propulsion system and the headstock system were studied. The results show that the suspended equipment can yield a secondary oscillation phenomenon, which can cause the peak response acceleration to exceed that during the shock.

船用滑动轴承是轴系的重要组成部分,其稳定性是舰船机动性的基本保证.但滑动轴承在水下爆炸载荷作用下的冲击试验却不多见.以船用大型滑动轴承为研究对象,专门研制了一套能够模拟实船安装状态和工作状态的试验传动轴系系统,在浮动冲击平台上开展了水下爆炸冲击试验,分析了轴承瞬态响应特征.结果发现,滑动轴承油膜关系在剧烈的垂向冲击载荷作用下出现碰摩,能够瞬时提高运转扭矩,对轴系动力源的冲击可靠性提出了更高要求,浮台横向冲击载荷较小,轴系振动幅值未超过轴承间隙.通过试验研究发现目前应用的油膜动力学模型并不适用冲击动响应分析,急需建立适用的模型.研究对于进一步修正舰艇轴系冲击动力学模型、提高仿真预报精度提供了参考.

In order to understand the faster and more complete mixing, the Resonance Aoustic Mixing on the stimulant explosives and propellants were studied, and the uniformity of mixed material was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Optical Microscope (OM). Under the condition of 40 ~80 Hz, the mixing effect of Al/CaCO3/HTPB highly viscous material affected by the mixing time and mixing power was studied by changing the amplitude of the mixing cylinder ranged from 0 mm to 2 mm. The results showed that the Resonant Acoustic Mixer was efficient and the mixing time was about 180 s for 100 g quantity level of highly viscous material, the mixing efficiency and mixing effect were evidently affected by the mixing amplitude in different mixing phases, the mixing efficiency increased with the amplitude within a certain amplitude range.

为了实现真正意义上的动态可变多通道经颅磁刺激(TMS),首次提出了头盔式网状线圈的设计理念.基于该理念设计的TMS线圈系统,可以在全头范围内实现多通道经颅磁刺激,而且在线圈定位、分辨率等方面得到极大改善,同时还可以实现刺激部位、面积、方式和强度的实时动态可变性.建立了人体头颅电磁模型来模拟TMS线圈产生的诱导电流分布,同时还对线圈产生的诱导磁场分布进行了实际测量,模拟与实测结果均与理论值相符,证明了该设计的有效性与可行性.

Based on the numerical simulation of shock resistance of the ship stern shaft sealing equipment,a set of auxiliary bench structure for shock test was presented according to the response characteristics.This auxiliary bench is able to simulate the ship environment for this stern shaft sealing,can discuss the effect of boundary conditions on the shock test of sealing equipment,and can realize the sealing equipment shock test on the shock machine under shutdown condition.The numerical simulation of this auxiliary bench structure proves its shock strength.This test bench lays a good foundation for systematically research of shock resistance of large sized ship stern shaft sealing equipment.

Considering the shock-resistance threshold of equipment on board as the important base for ship shock-resistance design and assessment,a finite element model of marine gearbox was established to get the characteristic of shock-resistance threshold.The shock-resistance threshold was analyzed using endurable stress method.Results indicate that endurable stress method is a direct and effective computational method for getting shock-resistance threshold of marine equipment.The shock-resistance threshold of marine gearbox is related to the peak value of acceleration and pulse width of input load.

Anti-shock capacity of marine diesel affects the life-force of navy ship,as the most important power plant of modern navy ship.It is difficult to conduct the anti-shock experiment of marine diesel on test-bed for its large weight,many attached equipments,complicated maintenance.Underwater explosion test is an effective approach to reveal the anti-shock weaknesses of marine diesel,and find out anti-shock competence of marine diesel.Through monitoring marine diesel during underwater explosion,the anti-shock weaknesses of marine diesel are concluded,and the anti-shock design method of diesel is advised.The research result can be applied to the anti-shock design of marine power plant.

The underwater explosions trial of ships is an important method of the research on the ship anti-shock technology,and the acquirement of the measuring data is an important target and the key part of the trial.The great integration of ships shock trial brings the great integration of management of the measuring data.The characteristic of the measuring data was analyzed and the management requirement of the data was given in this paper for the purpose of efficient use and management of the measuring data.And then,the integration management technology of the measuring data of ships shock trial was researched fully from such aspects as the measuring points number,the information elements of the data,the conversion of the data,the compositive input and output of the data.The research of this paper will give support to the development of the ships shock trial measuring data management system.