[目的]探究不同培养及发酵条件对地衣芽孢杆菌19148抑菌作用的影响及地衣芽孢杆菌19148的耐药性.[方法]设计单因素试验,分别在不同温度、酸碱度、金属离子、摇床转速、发酵时间和接种量的条件下培养地衣芽孢杆菌19148菌液,将培养后的菌液离心、过滤制成无菌滤液,并通过牛津杯抑菌试验探究无菌滤液对大肠杆菌K88、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌1882的抑制能力.通过药敏纸片法探究地衣芽孢杆菌19148对27种抗菌药的耐药性.[结果]地衣芽孢杆菌19148在4和75℃下生长受到抑制,25、37和45℃能正常生长,其中在37℃抑菌活性最好.在pH 5.0～9.0的条件下能正常生长,在pH为6.0条件下抑菌活性最好,对铜离子不耐受,但对镁离子表现出了良好的耐受性,且不同浓度镁离子处理组间抑菌活性无显著差异(P＞0.05).体外发酵试验中,地衣芽孢杆菌19148在3％种子液接种量、150 r/min发酵28 h时,体外发酵的抑菌活性最好.耐药性评价试验结果显示,地衣芽孢杆菌19148对青霉素、四环素、头孢他啶、呋喃唑酮和多黏菌素B 5种抗菌药中介,对头孢哌酮和红霉素等其他22种抗菌药敏感.[结论]地衣芽孢杆菌19148具有较好的稳定性,能应用于工业发酵饲料生产,对抗菌药不具有耐药性.

过量施用氮肥会降低作物品质且危害环境,如何在不减产的情况下降低氮肥施用量成为农业发展中亟待解决的问题.丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi,AMF)在促进植物营养吸收及生长发育方面发挥积极作用,具有替代氮肥的应用潜力.本试验以叶用莴苣(Lactuca sativa L.var.ramose Hort.)与菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)为研究对象,分别设置8个不同氮肥用量处理与5个不同AMF菌剂用量处理,筛选出叶用莴苣和菠菜生长最好的纯氮用量分别为6.0 kg·hm-2和8.0 kg·hm-2,AMF用量分别为200 g·kg-1和175 g·kg-1.用AMF替代不同比例的氮肥用量,研究AMF对叶用莴苣和菠菜氮肥用量的减施效果.结果表明,基质栽培条件下,在不降低全株鲜质量的前提下,基质中分别添加200 g·kg-1和175 g·kg-1 AMF可减少叶用莴苣40％和菠菜60％的氮肥用量,即叶用莴苣和菠菜氮肥用量分别为3.6 kg·hm-2和3.2 kg·hm-2时,植株生长不受影响.试验结果为叶用莴苣和菠菜氮肥减施和高品质栽培提供了新途径.

鉴于中小选矿企业对效能管理需求的不断提升,设计了基于CC-Link总线的磨矿分级集散监控系统,便于系统间的监控信息交互及过程优化控制.首先提出系统给矿量、磨矿浓度和分级机溢流浓度的工艺流程、控制结构与要求和模糊PID控制算法.其次设计基于CC-Link总线的系统架构、网络化控制的硬件配置及给矿量、磨矿浓度和溢流浓度检测设备的选型.然后在软件部分完成对主站数据通信结构、系统控制流程及性能优化的模糊PID调节算法的设计.最后用系统运行结果证明所设计的控制系统能够有效地利用网络技术收集系统控制参数、状态信息数据进行优化控制,具有结构简单、实时性好、控制性能稳定的特点.

A matrix cultivation was conducted to study the effects of 7 different species and concentrations of microbiological preparation on biomass,chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of‘Jinyan No.4’cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.).Biomass with remarkable growth promoting effect was screened out and their resistance to cucumber Fusarium wilt was tested.The result indicated that treatments with Ba (bio-organic fertilizer) and Y(Chuang Bo microbial agents) performed better,and the best processing concentration for Chuang Bo is adding 10 mL diluted 600 times,and for Ba is adding 30 g per nursery substrate of one plug(4 L). The plant resistance with Chuang Bo and Ba is higher than that of the control.The relative anti-effect is 14.5% and 27.4%,respectively.Under the condition of protected cultivation,for promoting cucumber growth and resistance to Fusarium wilt,we would suggest to use bio-organic fertilizer and add 30 g Bio per nursery substrate of one plug(4 L).

In order to understand the interaction of different microbial agents and microbial organic fertilizer,we selected susceptible wilt cucumber cultivar 'Jinyan 4' as the test materials.The cucumber seeds were sowed into three different seedling substrates:commodity matrix,peat-vinegar residue(volume ratio of 1∶1) and peat-vermiculite(volume ratio 1∶1),which were added "bio-organic fertilizer"(Ba),the mixed microbial agents E and the single agent B006,respectively.Then the 28 days aged seedlings were transplanted to the commodity matrix and were infected with wilt pathogen.The results showed that appropriate amount of Ba,B006 and E in all substrates could improve the cucumber seedling's growth and chlorophyll contents.And adding microbial agents in commodity matrix was the best.Commodity matrix with 30 g Ba the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,root volume of cucumber seedling was 1.07,1.09,1.50 and 1.30 time of CK,and the stem and leaf fresh weight,stem and leaf dry weight and root dry weight was 1.28,1.41 and 1.34 time of CK.Commodity matrix with 10 g E,the contents of Chl a,Chl b and total Chl of cucumber seedlings was 1.81,1.93 and 1.83 time of CK.Ba,B006 and E could improve the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the bulk and rhizosphere but reduce the number of wilt pathogen.Substrate with B006,the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in bulk and rhizosphere substrate was 2.10,1.96,2.32 and 1.92 time of CK,in separately,and the number of pathogenic bacteria in bulk and rhizosphere only 19.05% and 41.00% as controls.Adding B006 and Ba wilt incidence was reduced by 37.00% and 25.00% compared to the control,respectively.The results showed that commodity matrix with 30~40 g Ba is effective in improving the quality of seedlings and adding right amount of Ba or B006 could improve plant disease resistance in growing stage.

In order to reduce the pollution of organic solid waste and lower the production cost of soilless cultivation substrate,this test studied the effects of physical and chemical properties of vinegar residue mixed substrates on the growth and yield of mini-cucumber cultivar Delstar,and the mixed substrates were made by vinegar residue fermentation substrates from vinegar factory which were mixed with vermiculite and peat according to the different proportions.The results showed that,by adding a certain amount of vermiculite and peat into vinegar residue,various physical and chemical parameters of mixed substrates achieved the basic requirements of ideal soilless cultivation substrate.Compared to the control(peat:vermiculite=2:1),the mini-cucumber plants grew well on vinegar residue mixed substrates with better fruit characters,yield and other comprehensive characters,and the treatment 60% vinegar residue+10% vermiculite+30% peat(V/V) performed best,therefore,the substrate formula could replace the compound substrate of peat and vermiculite as a soilless cultivation substrate of mini-cucumber.

分析了不同雏菊穴盘育苗基质的物理性状,探讨了不同基质对雏菊幼苗根系发育、生物量、叶绿素含量等指标的影响.结果表明,他处理(醋糟基质、草炭、蛭石,V:V:V=15:70:15)的物理性状最优,该处理下雏菊幼苗根系发育健壮,并能更好地促进地上部分生长,建议生产上使用该配方作为雏菊穴盘育苗基质.

根据植株蓬径、根系发育、地上地下部分生物量、叶绿素、平均花径、花朵数等指标对雏菊栽培期间不同肥分管理方案进行了探讨,得出处理T4每2周施用1次Hoagland营养液为最佳方案.

以腐熟的醋糟基质为主料,研究了醋糟与草炭、蛭石混配基质的理化性状,探讨了混配基质在番茄育苗中的应用效果。结果表明,随着醋糟比例的增加,混配基质的EC值升高,总孔隙度和通气孔隙增大,持水孔隙降低,氮、钙和速效磷的含量增加;醋糟混配基质处理T_4番茄幼苗株高、茎粗、干鲜重、根体积等生长指标显著优于对照和其他处理,T4处理幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量最高,净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、水分利用率(WUE)均高于对照和其他处理。因此,醋糟:草炭:蛭石=54:36:10(T4)混配基质是番茄穴盘育苗的适合配方。

In order to control the quality of insect tea,the author used morphological analysis to compare the similarities and differences of worm tea from particle size,color,shape,texture and other features of tea in 5 provinces,Guizhou,Sichuan,Yunnan,Hunan,Guangxi.The result showed that the size of insect tea became longer and wider with the increase of the age of insect in each province.The basic shape of insect tea from Guangxi Province was short cylindrical,while the others from the rest provinces were long cylindrical.The particle of insect tea from Guangxi Provinces had smooth surface without significant main lines,but the others had rough with significant main lines by which the insect tea was divided into 2 to 3 range.The particle of insect tea in different provinces ranked by color depth was:Guangxi> Hunan> Sichuan> Guizhou> Yunnan.Research also showed that the tea color and taste of the insect tea were different in five provinces.This study provided scientific basis to identify the types of insect tea from apparent shape,promoted the standardized development of insect tea industry,and played a leading role to identify the quality of the insect tea in China.

By the observation of specimens,two species of aphid,which parasite in galls,was determined.They are Kaburagia rhusicola ovogallis(Tsai et Tang) and Schlechtendalia chinensis(Bell).In this paper,we analyzed the relationship between the weight of gall and the number of aphids within the galls,and the relationship of the galls' volume and the number of aphids within the galls.At last,we came to a conclusion that the number of aphids within the gall did not grow up with the increasing of weight and volume of the galls.

The important factors of outbreak of beet armyworm are reviewed,while the relationship between outbreak of beet armyworm and climate anomaly (El Nio andLa Nia) is studied preliminarily.And it considers that the outbreak of beet armyworm is the result of interaction of the various factors.Further clarifying the reasons of outbreak,finding out the quantitative effect of outbreak factors and establishing the related warning model early is one of the urgent problems to be solved in research of forecasting and control of beet armyworm.