In order to further improve the light and temperature performance of Chinese solar greenhouse,and enable the over winter vegetable production in areas north of 50° N with extreme temperature below-40℃,yet having no auxiliary heating,this paper proposed a'double film-double blanket-double chamber'(D-FBC)high insulation greenhouse after reserch innovation.The lighting roof angle of the greenhouse reached 53.82°,and horizontal projection ratio of front and rear roofs was less than 1∶1.The overall lighting and insulation capacity of the greenhouse were significantly improved.At the same time,the supporting greenhouse basic insulation + lighting surface'double film-double blanket-double chamber'thermal insulation + back wall water column passive heat storage + gas water heat exchange ground soil active heat storage and release system all had helped maintaining the greenhouse indoor temperature above 9℃,even when the outdoor extreme temperatures was below-48℃.Thus,safe over winter vegetable production in Tahe County,Heilongjiang Province,at 52° north latitude was successfully realized.
'Zhejiao No.5'is a new pepper F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line'PJ1805'as female parent and'P1524'as male parent.It is early maturity.Its first flower sets on the 6th node.From field planting to the beginning of harvest about 35 days.The fruit is green,claw shaped,16.0 cm in length and 1.5 cm in diameter.Its VC content was 453 mg·kg-1,capsaicin content is 0.70 mg·kg-1.The single fruit weight is about 15 g with productivity of about 55.5 t·hm-2.It is resistant to TMV,CMV,anthracnose,and Phytophthora blight.It is suitable for Zhejiang protected field,open field,trans-summer cultivation in mountain.
The laboratory toxicity of spinetoram at different concentration gradients against the eggs and different instars larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda in Wuhan was evaluated using the soak and foliage application methods.The results showed that spinetoram had certain inhibitory effect on the hatching of the eggs of S.frugiperda,and showed high toxicity against newly hatched larvae.The lethal medium concentration(LC50)of spinetoram to 2-4 instars larvae were 0.025,0.070 and 0.269 mg·L-1,respectively.In conclusion,spinetoram can still be used as an emergency chemical control insecticide for S.frugiperda,with a focus on the critical window period of application before the 3rd instar stage.
Spring and autumn field experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of two endophytic strains of Fusarium culmorum(F.c)and Fusarium pseudograminearum(F.p)on yields,rhizospere soil nutrients,microbial populations and bacterial diversity of three cabbage varieties('Zhonggan 21'is susceptible to verticillium wilt and black rot,'Manyue 56'is resistant to wilt,'Ximei'is resistant to verticillium wilt and black rot).The results showed that the different fungicides had no significant effect on the spring yields of 3 cabbage varieties,but significantly increased the autumn yield of'Zhonggan 21',and had no significant effect on the autumn yield of'Manyue 56'and'Ximei'.Particularly,the number of culturable microbial populations in the rhizosphere soil of'Manyue 56'and'Ximei'was bigger than that of'Zhonggan 21'.However,microbial agent applications can significantly increase the number of bacteria,actinomycetes,ammonifying bacteria,and nitrogen fixing bacteria,and improve the community structure of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of'Zhonggan 21'.In general,the two endophytic Fusarium strains could reshape rhizosphere health by regulating the microbial community,diversity,and nutrient indicators in the rhizosphere soil to alleviate the obstacles on continuous cropping in cabbage.In conclusion,Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium pseudograminearum might act as a promising plant probiotics for the preparation of microbial fertilizers.
In order to clarify the application effect of β-cyclocitral in facility vegetables,the effects of β-cyclocitral(75 μmol·L-1)on the growth of cucumber seedlings under salt stress(150 mmol·L-1 NaCl)were investigated by using'Jinchun No.4'cultivar.The results showed that β-cyclocitral applied in root had little effect on the growth of cucumber seedlings compared with control;while under salt stress,β-cyclocitral treatment could significantly increase the fresh weight,plant height,stem diameter and chlorophyll content of cucumber seedlings,and significantly reduce the contents of MDA and Na+ in roots and leaves of cucumber seedlings,and the content of hydrogen peroxide in leaves decreased by 22.32%and the superoxide anion content in roots and leaves decreased by 21.84%and 28.58%,respectively.In summary,the application of β-cyclocitral can alleviate the damage of salt stress on cucumber seedlings by scavenging reactive oxygen species and maintaining photosynthetic pigment content,and improve the salt tolerance of cucumber.
柔性日光温室是一种新型温室,具有无砖混基础、不破坏原有耕作层土壤、装配式骨架、快速安装、建设周期短、冬季升温快等特点,利用该类型温室进行叶用莴苣(生菜)育苗和豌豆芽苗菜高效栽培,每667 m2 年产值可达100万元,纯收益28.3万元.
Through investigation on the total quantity and type of facility agriculture in 13 districts of Beijing,facility distribution and utilization,industry situation of facility agriculture etc.,this paper specified that the old greenhouses in Beijing were large in quantity and wide in scope,its productive capacity needed further improvement.The facility development was restricted by land use,organization degree was low,and key technology still needed to be improved.The authors suggested to make classify transformation;do large-scale,machine-friendly and intelligent upgrading;cultivate different types of social service organization;drive facility upstream&downstream industries developing together;and make up the shortcomings of agricultural technology extension system after grassroots extension system reformation.Efforts should be made from the aspects of breeding important varieties,studying and developing disease and pest control strategies and products in new cultivation modes,integrated promoting intelligent irrigation and fertilization technology,so as to realize the specialization of prenatal varieties,facility assembly,automation of environmental control and production mechanization during production process,and standardization of post-production products and intelligent management.
Clubroot is a soil-borne disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae,which seriously threatens the production of cabbage.Due to the complex race differentiation of P.brassicae,there are fewer broad-spectrum resistance materials to clubroot.In this study,the resistance of cytoplasmic sterile clubroot-resistant material'GY306'was identified by spore injection method.The results indicated that'GY306'was resistant to all P.brassicae from 3 different regions,and the disease grade indexes were immune(Changyang,DI = 0),disease resistance(Wulong,DI = 6.25)and immunity(Guangyuan,DI = 0)respectively.At the same time,the fertility of'GY306'was restored by crossing with Ogura CMS fertility recovery material.Finally,three clubroot resistance materials were obtained by identifying and screening the resistance of restored plants.
In order to elucidate the genetic background of Euryale ferox resources in china,10 germplasm samples of E.ferox were used as materials to analyze genetic diversity and relationships by SSR marker and seed quality.Based on the amplification and detection results of 10 SSR primer pairs across the 10 materials,a total of 29 bands and 28 polymorphic bands were amplified,with a polymorphism percentage of 96.6%.In cluster analysis,the average Nei&Li similarity coefficient was 0.580 3,and 10 materials were divided into 4 groups at the genetic coefficient of 0.57.Utilizing seed quality trait analysis,the average Euclidean genetic distance among 10 germplasm was 4.057 5,and 10 materials were divided into 3 groups at the Euclidean genetic distance of 3.50.This study clarified the genetic distance between existing E.ferox resources and the DNA fingerprint of 10 E.ferox materials were constructed by SSR markers.
In order to explore the prevention and control effect of oligosaccharide·chain protein and thiamethoxam combination on tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease,field experiment about controlling tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease was carried out by selecting and using 6%oligosaccharides·chain protein WP,25%thiamethoxam WG and 6%oligosaccharides·chain protein WP + 25%thiamethoxam WG.The results showed that root-irrigation of 25%thiamethoxam WG could significantly reduce the population of Bemisia tabaci,root-irrigatioon treatment of 6%oligosaccharides·chain protein WP + 25%thiamethoxam WG had the best effect.The morbidity and disease index of tomato yellow leaf curl virus were significantly lower than that of the contrast.The control effect was 74.25%.The plant height,leaf length,leaf width,SPAD value,nitrogen content,net photosynthetic rate of leaves(Pn)and yield of tomato were all significantly higher than those of the contrast,increasing by 52.82%.In conclusion,the combined use of 6%oligosaccharides chain protein WP and 25%thiamethoxam WG can effectively prevent and control tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease and ocurrence of bemisia tabaci;and achieve the purpose of increasing yield and efficiency.
种子是农业的"芯片",决定了品种的品质和育种单位、制种企业、制种户的利益.集中育苗、现代化和机械化等制种技术的改进和应用不仅可以确保生产出高产、优质的杂交种子,而且提高了制种户的收入,有助于实现制种的可持续发展.
To identify the species of root-knot nematodes(Meloidogyne spp.)of eggplant in Hainan base and select resistant germplasms of eggplant for rootstock.The morphological characteristics and rDNA-ITS molecular biological identifi cation of root-knot nematodes on eggplant were both adopted in this study.Two methods(seedling inoculation and fi eld trials)were used to screen germplasms with high resistance to root-knot nematodes from 58 materials of eggplant for rootstock.The isolation frequency of M.incognita with square dorsal arch was 93.33%,while M.arenaria was 6.67%.NCBI sequences blast showed 99.89%similarity with M.incognita(KP411871.1)by M.incognita primer,and 99.76%similarity with M.arenaria(MW315990.1)by M.arenaria primer.Therefore,M.incognita was the predominant species infecting eggplant in Hainan base.The overall disease severity of the tested germplasms were basically consistent between the two methods.The total disease index of seedling identifi cation was higher than that of fi eld trials.Six eggplant for rootstock germplasms with high resistance to root-knot nematode were screened,which were S.torvum Swartz,S.sisymbriifolium Lam,LJ-7,Ng1-039,Ng1-021,Ng1-003,respectively.
Inner Mongolia is an important pepper producing area in China.It has advantages in scale and mechanization,etc.This paper combed the development situation of pepper industry in Inner Mongolia from the following aspects,including planting distribution characteristics,seedling and planting patterns,production efficiency,major pests and diseases,mechanized condition,etc.;analyzed the current situation of pepper industry in Inner Mongolia;summarized the advantages of developing paper industry in Inner Mongolia;and put forward problems existing in pepper industry in Inner Mongolia from the aspects of R&D and promotion of excellent varieties,simplified and mechanized cultivation,intensive seedling raising,construction of post-harvest processing and circulation facilities,etc.The paper also suggested to strengthen the R&D of proprietary intellectual property varieties in protected areas;increase the promotion of new and excellent varieties of processed pepper;realize gradually the simple cultivation of fresh pepper in protected fields,and develop large-scale and mechanization of processing pepper in open fields;support the development of intensive nursery enterprises and promote the rapid popularization and application of new and excellent varieties;strengthen the construction of pepper circulation facilities and improve the processing capacity of pepper.
Heat shock protein 20(HSP20),an essential protein in the process of plant growth and development,HSP20 plays crucial roles inplants under stress.Based on genomic data of melon(Cucumis melo L.),whole genome identification of the HSP20 gene family was carried out using bioinformatics,and their physical and chemical properties,colinearity,gene structure,evolutionary relationship and cis-elements were analyzed.The results showed that 42 HSP20s were identified in the melon genome data,molecular weight ranging from 8 390.40 to 57 350.14 Da,the intron number of 0 to 12,were unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes.In colinear analysis,there were 32 genes in melon existing collinearity relation with cucumber,watermelon and pumpkin.Phylogenetic tree reveals 9 pairs of orthologous genes and 8 pairs of paralogous genes of CmHSP20.Multiple cis-elements associated with hormonal response,stress response,photoresponse,and plant development were identified in the promoter of the CmHSP20s gene.
'Jianqiang No.2'is a late-maturing cherry tomato F1 hybrid,which is made up of high-generation inbred line'Tw4-2-5-7-8-8-12-4-4-8-3'as female parent and'TW-81-7-16-36-7-7-4-3-8-1'as male parent.Its growth is limitless and it has strong fruit setting ability.The fruit is oval,stalk is short,and young fruit has green shoulders.The mature fruit is red,and the weight of single fruit is about 18 g.Its soluble solids content is 8.7%,lycopene content is 206.0 mg·kg-1,VC content is 198.6 mg·kg-1.It contains tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV)resistance gene Ty-2,late blight resistance gene Ph-3 and tobacco mosaic virus(TMV)resistance gene Tm-2a.It is resistant to TYLCV and TMV.Its yield is about 51.0 t·hm-2 in spring and 49.5 t·hm-2 in autumn,which is suitable for planting in Baise,Guangxi in autumn and winter.
'Xicai No.1'is a new mini-fruit watermelon F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line'W101u'as female parent and inbred line'hn07-1-1'as male parent.It belongs to the early maturing variety,the first female flowers appears at 7 to 8 nodes,and appears every 3-4 nodes.The fruit development period is about 28-30 days and whole growth period is 85-90 days.The plant growth is strong,and easy to sit melon.The fruit is oval shaped with green skin and deep green well defined pinstripe.The weight is about 2.0-2.5 kg,and the rind is about 0.4 cm in thickness.The flesh is mainly orange-yellow with a hint of red,and it is crisp and tasty.The center soluble solids content is about 13%and 11%near rind.The resistance to Fusarium wilt,gummy stem blight and anthracnose in the field is stronger than that of the control variety'Xiaolan'.It yields about 39 t·hm-2,and is suitable for protected cultivation in early spring or late autumn in Shaanxi Province.
Pepper mild mottle virus(PMMoV)is a significant viral disease that occurs in peppers.In this study,we utilized reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology(RT-LAMP)to develop a rapid PMMoV detection method.Specifically,we targeted the PMMoV coat protein CP sequence and designed four primers(F3/B3 and FIP/BIP).The results demonstrate this method enables specific detection of PMMoV within 60 minutes,offering a sensitivity 10 times higher than traditional RT-PCR technology.Furthermore,it does not exhibit any cross-reaction with other related viruses during the detection process.The established PMMoV RT-LAMP detection method is characterized by its simplicity,strong specificity,and high sensitivity,making it suitable for rapid detection of PMMoV in field production.
In order to explore the best application method of biocontrol bacteria in the field,the control effects of Bacillus polymyxa ZF129 and Bacillus velezensis ZF481 on clubroot disease of Yutian Baojian Chinese cabbage were compared in pot and field by application of biocontrol bacteria with organic fertilizer,biocontrol bacteria suspension agent,and collaborative application with chemical agents.The results showed that biocontrol bacteria combined applied with organic fertilizer got a good clubroot disease control effect on Chinese cabbage and the best promoting effect on growth.The control effect of 100 million spores·g-1 ZF129 and ZF481 biocontrol bacteria with organic fertilizer was 71.63%and 73.18%in pot,80.68%and 79.47%in field.The collaborative application of biocontrol bacterial suspension agent with chemical agents such as fluridine and chlorothalonil significantly improved the control effect,reaching 86.58%to 95.61%,with no significant difference compared to chemical treatment.
'Exiangcong No.1'is a new processing specific chive(Allium schoenoprasum L.)variety selected through 8 generations based on a pedigree selection method from'German Green'variety variants.This variety has strong plant growth momentum,fast growth speed,and good erectness,about 50-70 cm in height.It has well-developed root system,strong tillering ability.The leaves are dark green and have wax powder,with a transverse diameter of 3-5 mm and a pseudostems length of 5-8 cm.The content of propylene sulfide in the fresh sample was 25.386 μg·g-1,and dehydrated sample was 32.589 μg·g-1.The soluble protein content is 45.02 mg·g-1,and the soluble sugar content is 4.47%.It is suitable for dehydration processing,with a fresh to dry ratio of about 17∶1.It can be harvested multiple times when seeded once,harvesting 4-6 crops per year,with an annual yield of about 67.5 t·hm-2.It is suitable for promotion and application in Hubei and surrounding areas.
