The mechanism by which moist-exposed burn ointment (MEBO) promotes wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remains unclear. To elucidate this mechanism, we investigated the role of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in MEBO's ability to enhance ulcer healing and neovascularisation using a full-thickness wound model in hyperglycaemic rats. On post-wounding days 3, 7, and 14, the wound healing rates were significantly higher in the MEBO group compared to the model group and Vaseline group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the MEBO group exhibited increased epidermal layer thickness and enhanced collagen fibre deposition relative to the model group and Vaseline group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the number of CD31-positive cells and microvascular density (MVD) were significantly elevated in the MEBO group compared to the model group and Vaseline group (p < 0.05). Flow cytometric analysis also demonstrated that the proportion of CD45-, CD34+, and VEGFR2+ cells in the wound area of the MEBO-treated group was significantly higher compared to the model group and Vaseline group. Expression levels of SDF-1, HIF-1α were also markedly higher in the MEBO group compared to the model group and Vaseline group (p < 0.05). Finally, a significant increase in double-positive CXCR4 and CD31 cells was observed exclusively in the MEBO group of hyperglycaemic rats (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that MEBO therapy promotes angiogenesis and accelerates wound healing through activation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis during wound healing in diabetics.

以大米、麦芽、牛乳为主要原料,利用乳酸菌、酵母菌进行两阶段发酵,研制大米奶啤饮料,以感官评分为指标,通过单因素、正交实验对大米糖化、大米奶啤饮料的加工工艺和产品配方进行了优化.结果表明:利用乳酸菌发酵牛乳完成第一阶段发酵,将粉碎后的大米,按照米水比1∶9的比例,100℃煮沸30 min后,92℃时加入α-淀粉酶糖化1.5 h,过滤得到大米汁,加入麦芽汁、第一阶段的发酵乳(大米汁:发酵乳质量比为2:5)和白砂糖(质量分数为4％),再利用酵母菌完成第二阶段发酵,酿制成的大米奶啤饮料不仅米香浓郁、奶香醇厚、麦香柔和,风味饱满,而且酸甜可口,具有适度杀口感,口感细腻爽滑.

Objective: To investigate the communities of fecal microbiota and the role of Toll-like receptors in patients with ulcerative colitis in the coastal area of northern China. Methods: Stool samples from 31 patients with ulcerative colitis and 12 healthy individuals were collected. The total bacterial genomic DNA was extracted, and the V3+V4 hypervariable region in the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). High-throughput sequencing analysis was performed on the Illumina Hiseq platform. The expression of TLR2, TLR4, Tollip, PPAR-gamma, IL-6, and TNE-alpha in the colonic mucosa was measured by Western blots. Results: The diversity of the fecal microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis was significantly less than that in healthy control individuals (p < 0.05). The proportion of Bacteroidetes was significantly reduced (p < 0.01), whereas Proteobacteria was prevalent (p < 0.01) in patients with ulcerative colitis. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Anaerostipes was significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas the proportion of Bacteroides, Lachnospira, Ruminococcus, Phascolarctobacterium, and Coprococcus was significantly decreased in patients with ulcerative colitis (p < 0.05). The diversity indexes of fecal microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis were negatively correlated with disease severity (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was positively correlated with disease severity, and the relative abundance of Phascolarctobacterium, Anaerostipes, Fusobacterium, Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, and Ochrobactrum were negatively correlated with disease severity. The expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 in the intestinal mucosa were positively correlated with the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Enterobacteriaceae, respectively (r = 0.481, p = 0.007; r = 0.455, p = 0.017). Conclusion: There were significant changes in the diversity and composition of the fecal microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis compared to healthy individuals. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota and correlation with TLRs might play important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of ulcerative colitis.

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of rebamipide on NSAIDs associated intestinal injury. Methods: Intestinal injury was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by intragastric administration of diclofenac with rebamipide intervention, and LPS and TAK-242 were given intraperitoneally respectively. The expression of TLR4/NF-kappa B and the related proteins in the intestinal mucosa were detected. 55 patients taking NSAIDs and diagnosed as NSAIDs associated small intestinal injury were recruited as NSAIDs group. Another 55 patients without NSAIDs and no obvious abnormality in the small bowel served as the control group. Results: The macroscopic and histological scores of the small intestinal mucosa in the rebamipide pretreatment group were significantly lower compared to the diclofenac group (p < 0.01). The expressions of Tollip, ZO-1 and Claudin-1 in the diclofenac group were down-regulated compared with that in the control group, while they increased significantly in the rebamipide pretreatment group (p < 0.01). The expressions of TLR4/NF-kappa Bp65, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha significantly increased in the model group while they were down-regulated in the rebamipide pretreatment group (p < 0.05) Administration of LPS 1 h after diclofenac aggravated small intestinal damage, and increased expression of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha Administration of rebamipide did not effectively reverse intestinal injury induced by diclofenac and LPS. In contrast, pretreatment with TAK-242 significantly inhibited damage and prevented the increased expression of the cytokines. The expression of TLR4 and NF-kappa Bp65 in the patients with NSAIDs associated intestinal injury was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.01), while the expression of Tollip was decreased (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Rebamipide effectively alleviated intestinal mucosa injury by probably suppressing the TLR4/NF-kappa B signaling pathway and the decreasing of ZO-1 and Claudin-1 induced by diclofenac.

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is the depolymerized product of chitosan possessing various biological activities and protective effects against inflammation and oxidative injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of COS supplements on aging-related liver dysfunction. We found that COS treatment significantly attenuated elevated liver function biomarkers and oxidative stress biomarkers and decreased antioxidative enzyme activities in liver tissues in D-galactose (D-gal)-treated mice. Furthermore, COS treatment significantly upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream target genes HO-1, NQO1, and CAT. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that COS treatment played a vital role in protecting H2O2-exposed L02 cells against oxidative stress by activating Nrf2 antioxidant signaling. These data indicate that COS could protect against D-gal-induced hepatic aging by activating Nrf2 antioxidant signaling, which may provide novel applications for the prevention and treatment of aging-related hepatic dysfunction.

The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of transplantation of bone marrow neural tissue-committed stem cell-derived sensory neuron-like cells for the repair of peripheral nerve sensory impairments in rats. Bone marrow was isolated and cultured to obtain the neural tissue-committed stem cells (NTCSCs), and the differentiation of these cells into sensory neuron-like cells was induced. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), bone marrow NTCSCs, and bone marrow NTCSC-derived sensory neurons (NTCSC-SNs) were transplanted by microinjection into the L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) in an animal model of sensory defect. On the 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 12th week after the transplantation, the effects of the three types of stem cells on the repair of the sensory functional defect were analyzed via behavioral observation, sensory function evaluation, electrophysiological examination of the sciatic nerve, and morphological observation of the DRGs. The results revealed that the transplanted BMSCs, NTCSCs, and NTCSC-SNs were all able to repair the sensory nerves. In addition, the effect of the NTCSC-SNs was significantly better than that of the other two types of stem cells. The general posture and gait of the animals in the sensory defect model exhibited evident improvement over time. Plantar temperature sensitivity and pain sensitivity gradually recovered, and the sensation latency was reduced, with faster sensory nerve conduction velocity. Transplantation of NTCSC-SNs can improve the repair of peripheral nerve sensory defects in rats.

Objective To optimize the extraction procedure of the couple herbs,Radix paeoniae Alba and Rhizoma chuanxiong.Methods Orthogonal design was employed to optimize the extracting procedure.The content of three ingredients(gallic acid,paeoniflorin,ferulic acid) were used as index,the concentration of alcohol,the amount of alcohol,the extraction time,and the number of extraction times were used to study the effect on the content.Results The optimial preparation conditions were as follows:adding 12 times 50% alcohol,reflowing extraction 2 times,2 hours each time.Conclusion The established method was stable and feasible,and thus could provide a theoretical basis for the further research of the couple herbs.

This paper,based on The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic(Huangdi Neijing),and referring to the works of Linguistics about ancient writing(Xiao Xue) and works contemporary with The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic,makes a textual research and gives explanations to the Chinese character"jin"(Jin,generally known as body fluids).Then bringing into the concept of multi-character for one meaning(Chong Wen,),the paper explains the reason why there is huge differences between the two writing styles of"jin",according to which the interpretations of"jin"in The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic are given,contributing to its further differentiation from the Chinese character"ye"(Ye,generally considered as the same meaning with"jin").