selecting specific 8-11mers from HBV genotypes A-H, predicted to bind to 12 different HLA types.Results: Performing the large-scale multimer screening we found a total of 212 unique peptide-MHC, which were recognized by CD8 T cells across all patient groups.Out of these, 189 peptide-MHC have not previously been described.Furthermore, 45% of the peptide-MHCs were recognized in multiple patients.T cell recognition was detected in both acute and chronic patients, with no significant difference observed between chronic and HBsAg loss patients.Interestingly, T cells recognizing the identified peptides display different level of functional responses upon peptide stimulation, which will be further investigated.

As a endogenous opioid peptide, opioid growth factor not only can regulate cell renewal, wound healing, angiogenesis and development activity, but its anti-tumor effect is becoming more and more attention because of binding the specific receptor. it is constitutively expressed, autocrine produced, inhibit tumor proliferation. The action of opioid growth factor are stereospecific, noncytotoxic, nonapoptotic, anchorage-independent, reliant on RNA and protein synthesis,it occurring at physiologically relevant concentrations. A variety of its anti-tumor mechanism, for example, it can inhibit DNA synthesis of tumor cell, through multiple pathways to produce antitumor effects, it made breakthrough progression in animal experiments and clinical, it can not only as a main therapy but can be combined with other drugs in the treatment of tumor. Opioid growth factor and its receptor has broad application on clinical.

Objective To investigate the protection mechanism of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) on renal injuries of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats.Methods The experimental study was adopted.Seventy-two Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups by random number table:sham operation group (SO group),SAP model group (SAP group) and HRS treatment group (HRS group) with 24 rats in each group.Acute pancreatitis model was induced by retrograde infusion of 5％ sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct.Rats in the HRS group were administered as a tail intravenously (6 mL/kg) and compensated subcutaneously (20 mL/kg) with HRS at 5 minutes after successful modeling.These rats in the SO group and SAP group were administered with an equivalent volume of normal saline at 5 minutes after sham surgery or successful modeling.All the rats were sacrificed at 3,12 and 24 hours after the operation (n =8 per group).(1) The levels of serum Chromium (Cr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),IL-1β,IL-6 and renal myeloperoxidase (MPO) were detected.(2) To evaluate the pathological grade of renal injuries.(3) The expressions of 3-Nitrotyrosine and NF-κB in renal tissues were measured using immunohistochemistry.(4) The expressions of IκB and TNF-α were measured using Western blot.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as-x ± s.The comparisons of multi-sample means were analyzed by the repeated measures ANOVA,and comparison between groups was done by the t test.Count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Results (1) The levels of serum Cr in the SO,SAP and HRS groups were respectively (30 ± 6) μmol/L,(51 ± 8) μmol/L,(46 ± 5) μmol/L at postoperative 3 hours and (32 ± 6) μmol/L,(80 ± 10) μmol/L,(42 ± 7) μmol/L at postoperative 12 hours and (28 ± 5) μmol/L,(100 ± 11)μmol/L,(58 ± 12) μmol/L at postoperative 24 hours.The levels of serum BUN in the SO,SAP and HRS groups were respectively (5.1 ± 0.6) mmol/L,(9.0 ± 1.1) mmol/L,(8.1 ± 1.3) mmol/L at postoperative 3 hours and (5.0 ± 0.7) mmol/L,(14.9 ± 2.9) mmol/L,(8.4 ± 1.2) mmol/L at postoperative 12 hours and (4.6 ± 1.0) mmol/L,(22.6 ± 1.9) mmol/L,(13.7 ± 2.6) mmol/L at postoperative 24 hours.The levels of serum IL-1β in the SO,SAP and HRS groups were respectively (71 ± 9)pg/mL,(192 ± 11)pg/mL,(126 ± 19) pg/mL at postoperative 3 hours and (67 ± 11) pg/mL,(279 ± 18) pg/mL,(170 ± 16)pg/mL at postoperative 12 hours and (72 ± 12)pg/mL,(322 ± 24)pg/mL,(203 ± 30)pg/mL at postoperative 24 hours.The levels of serum IL-6 in the SO,SAP and HRS groups were respectively (121 ± 9)pg/mL,(249 ± 26)pg/mL,(153 ± 16)pg/mL at postoperative 3 hours and (114 ± 19) pg/mL,(408 ± 23) pg/mL,(252 ± 21) pg/mL at postoperative 12 hours and (118 ± 10)pg/mL,(452 ±29)pg/mL,(285 ±26)pg/mL at postoperative 24 hours.The levels of MPO in renal tissues in the SO,SAP and HRS groups were respectively (0.44 ±0.04)U/g,(0.79 ± 0.08) U/g,(0.56 ± 0.05) U/g at postoperative 3 hours and (0.49 ± 0.07) U/g,(1.45 ± 0.10) U/g,(0.84 ± 0.06) U/g at postoperative 12 hours and (0.48 ± 0.07) U/g,(1.85 ± 0.20) U/g,(1.21 ± 0.05) U/g at postoperative 24 hours.There were statistically significant differences in the levels of serum Cr,BUN,IL-1β,IL-6 and renal MPO among the 3 groups at postoperative 3,12,24 hours (F =23.013,84.858,109.080,32.830,59.338,205.494,156.462,384.787,231.659,105.129,309.131,413.937,72.305,658.698,237.924,P ＜ 0.05).① There were statistically significant differences in the level of serum IL-1β at postoperative 3,12,24 hours between the SAP group and SO group (t =24.500,28.140,26.150,P ＜ 0.05) and between the HRS group and SO group (t =7.399,15.000,1 1.470,P ＜ 0.05) and between the HRS group and SAP group (t =8.519,12.620,8.570,P ＜ 0.05).② There were statistically significant differences in the level of serum IL-6 at postoperative 3,12,24 hours between the SAP group and SO group (t =24.080,28.425,26.352,P ＜ 0.05) and between the HRS group and SO group (t =4.930,11.086,16.956,P ＜ 0.05) and between the HRS group and SAP group (t =8.811,14.370,12.220,P ＜ 0.05).③ There were statistically significant differences in the level of MPO in renal tissues at postoperative 3,12,24 hours between the SAP group and SO group (t =11.070,22.240,18.290,P ＜ 0.05) and between the HRS group and SO group (t =5.301,10.738,24.000,P ＜ 0.05) and between the HRS group and SAP group (t =6.895,14.790,8.781,P ＜ 0.05).(2) The number of rats with pathological grade 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ of renal injuries were 8,0,0,0 in the SO group and 0,0,3,5 in the SAP group and 0,2,6,0 in the HRS group,with a statistically significant difference among the 3 groups (x2=19.957,P ＜ 0.05),and with statistically significant differences between SAP or HRS group and SO group (x2 =13.472,13.714,P ＜ 0.05) and between HRS group and SAP group (x2 =7.361,P ＜ 0.05).(3) The immunohistochemical results showed that the positive expression of 3-Nitrotyrosine of the renal tissues in the SO,SAP and HRS groups were respectively 0.001 0 ± 0.000 3,0.053 0 ± 0.012 0 and 0.015 0 ± 0.005 0,with a statistically significant difference among the 3 groups (F =128.452,P ＜ 0.05),and with statistically significant differences between SAP or HRS group and SO group (t =13.699,8.838,P ＜0.05) and between HRS group and SAP group (t =9.244,P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression of NF-κB of renal tissues in the SO,SAP and HRS groups were respectively 0.003 0 ±0.001 5,0.491 0 ±0.108 0 and 0.170 0 ± 0.042 0,with a significant difference among the 3 groups (F =138.726,P ＜ 0.05),and with statistically significant differences between SAP or HRS group and SO group (t =14.367,12.769,P ＜0.05) and between HRS group and SAP group (t =8.760,P ＜ 0.05).(4) The Western blot results showed that the relative expressions of IκB and TNF-α in the SO,SAP and HRS groups were respectively 0.816 ± 0.153,0.030 ± 0.009,0.404 ± 0.090 and 0.124 ± 0.033,0.959 ± 0.113,0.523 ± 0.094,with statistically significant differences in the relative expressions of IκB and TNF-α among the 3 groups (F =44.037,69.172,P ＜ 0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the relative expressions of IκB between SAP or HRS group and SO group (t =8.883,4.020,P ＜ 0.05) and between the HRS group and SAP group (t =7.162,P ＜ 0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the relative expressions of TNF-α between SAP or HRS group and SO group (t =12.286,6.937,P ＜ 0.05) and between the HRS group and SAP group (t =5.138,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The protection mechanism of HRS may be related to scavenging free radicals,affecting on IκB nitration,inhibiting the activation of NF-κB as well as reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of uterine artery occlusion in laparoscopic myomectomy.Methods Sixty-two cases of subserosal or intramural uterine myoma from October 2010 to October 2011 were randomly devided into study and control groups.The study group was treated with laparoscopic uterine artery occlusion before myomectomy while the control group underwent laparoscopic uterine myomectomy after intramyometrial injection of vasopressin at a dose of 6 IU.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative evacuation time,hospital stay,postoperative morbidity,myoma recurrence and menstruation improvement were compared in the two groups.Results All surgeries in the two groups were completed successfully.The operation time of the study group was significantly shorter than that of the control group [(65.3 ± 16.3) min vs.(78.7 ± 20.4) min,t =-2.857,P = 0.006];the blood loss in the study group was significantly less than that of the control group [(53.2 ± 21.7) ml vs.(75.2 ±26.3) ml,t =-3.576,P =0.000].During the follow-up of 12 months,no significant difference was found in the recurrence rate of myoma [3.2%(1 /31) vs.9.7%(3 /31),χ2= 0.267,P = 0.605) ]and menstruation improvement rate [80.6%(25 /31) vs.77.4%(24 /31),χ2= 0.097,P = 0.755] between the two groups.Conclusion Uterine artery occlusion in laparoscopic myomectomy could reduce intraoperative blood loss and shorten operation time,making it easier to locate myoma,especially multiple uterine myoma.

<正>熊果酸(ursolic acid,UA)又名乌苏酸、乌索酸(其化学分子式如图1所示),是广泛存在于自然界中的α-香树脂醇型五环三萜类化合物,通常以游离或与糖结合成苷的形式分布于自然界中约7个科46个属62种植物中,UA是脂溶性物质,可穿透细胞膜起效,实验证明UA具有广泛的生物学活性,包括抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗病毒、保肝等作用[1],目前,UA抗肿瘤机制已成为当今研究的热点。一、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡1.活化Caspase:通常情况下,Caspase家族间可以相互激活,导致级联反应,促使细胞凋亡,广泛表达于多种肿瘤组织及正常人体组织,可通过线粒体通路和死亡受体通路被激活,UA活化Caspase-3、8和9后能剂量依赖性地诱导结肠癌HT-29细胞凋亡[2]。UA可通过活化Caspase-3诱导非小细胞肺癌A549细胞凋亡[3]。

Objective To explore the influence of fetal head orientation and maternal postures on ultrasound display rate of fetal external ear.Methods Ultrasound examination was employed to scan 1 942 fetal external ears using first cervical and ear-plane(FCEP) method combined with changing maternal postures.The fetal head orientation was divided into 14 types.Ultrasound display rates of fetal external ears under different fetal head orientation before and after changing maternal postures were recorded.Results The total ultrasound display rates of fetal external ears before changing maternal postures was 56.75%,among which direct occiput anterior position was 100%,direct occiput posterior was 72.29%,and the rest of the fetal head orientation showed lower display rate.The total ultrasound display rates of fetal external ears after changing maternal postures was 87.85%,which demonstrated significant difference compared with that before changing maternal postures(P<0.01).Fetal head orientation with high display rates of fetal external ear included left occiput anterior,left occiput transverse and right occiput transverse.Conclusion Ultrasound display rates of fetal external ear under different fetal head orientation is diverse,which can be improved by changing maternal postures.

DNA甲基化(DNA methylation)是在DNA序列不变的情况下,控制基因表达,维护染色体的完整性和调节DNA重组及某些特定基因组区域的转录活性,是恶性肿瘤普遍存在的分子生物学改变.肿瘤相关基因启动子CpG岛甲基化状态异常广泛见于肿瘤,有望作为临床肿瘤诊断的分子标记[1].膀胱癌是泌尿系最常见的恶性肿瘤,而膀胱癌与DNA甲基化关系近年来已成为膀胱癌研究热点之一.

药品说明书,以下简称"说明书"."说明书"作为医务工作人员及患者双方应用药物的依据有着相当重要的地位,对指导用药达到有效、安全的目的发挥着重要的作用.

2.6不良反应项 " 说明书"中通常会列出一些常见的不良反应.对于极少出现或是现阶段还未能确定所发生的不良反应与该药物的相关性时通常不会介绍在"说明书"中;不同厂家对于药品的不良反应种类及程度的表述也不尽相同,大多数缺乏对不良反应的正确表达及对医患的引导.如: