当前,我国土壤问题比较突出,有必要加强土壤环境管理.土壤环境问题的主要特征为:多方面问题并存,资源与开发利用矛盾突出,土壤环境保护工作开展难度大等.本文首先介绍了发达国家的先进土壤环境综合管理体系,然后分析了我国开展土壤环境管理的有效途径,从而提升我国土壤环境污染的治理与管理水平.

依据2011-2017年铜陵市环境空气自动监测站的数据,分析NO2的时间、空间变化规律,结果表明,大气环境中NO2的污染趋势恶化,人口密集区的年均浓度增幅高于工业区,说明主城区内车流量大的区域大气环境中NO2污染更为严重.月均浓度变化规律不明显,在路网密集区,NO224 h浓度呈双峰型分布,迅速增长的机动车排放的尾气贡献是大气环境NO2污染加重的主因.

This paper first applied material flow analysis (MFA) to construct three levels of regional eco-efficiency indicators, i.e., regional direct eco-efficiency (RDE), regional total eco-efficiency (RTE), and holistic eco-efficiency (HE), and adopted the newly developed data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the eco-efficiency of Tongling City during the period of 1990-2008. We also applied Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to explore the eco-efficiency change between two following years and its driving factors. The main results were summarized as 1) though the RDE of Tongling City in 1990-2008 kept an increasing trend, its mean eco-efficiency was not high (close to 0.8 in 80% of the years), being lower than that of the RTE and HE, and 2) the RDE change was closely relevant to the improvement in resource management and the technical input in environmental protection in recent years. In order to further improve the RDE of the City, it would be necessary to raise its eco-efficiency via expanding raw material input, reducing domestic extraction, promoting resources productivity, and taking more measures on environmental protection facilities construction.

通过物质流分析与系统动力学方法,深入研究铜陵市"十一五"期间工业系统资源消耗与污染排放特征,经济发展对生态环境压力,构建其"十二五"规划目标的工业内部结构优化模式,以期在未来经济活动中,指导经济与环境协调发展,指导矿产资源、能源利用规划及环境保护规划的制定.

改变矿竭城衰,实现矿产资源型城市可持续发展是我国矿产资源管理的重要内容,更是关系到国家资源安全、经济安全、生态环境安全和社会安全的首要任务.评价矿产资源型城市可持续发展状况是实现可持续发展道路的基础.采用相对"脱钩"、"复钩"的系统耦合理论的脱钩指数作为资源型城市经济-资源-环境复杂系统可持续发展状况的评价方法,选取经济系统物质流分析指标作为表征经济、资源、环境各子系统的可持续发展状况指标,并对安徽省铜陵市19年发展状况进行了评价,以期为矿产资源型城市可持续发展研究提供可资借鉴的研究资料.

Based upon the detected data of total suspend particle (TSP) in Tongling areas, the TSP pollution and its cause have been analyzed, and some practical control measurements and suggestions have been put forward as follows: more reasonable urban planning, vegetation ecological system improving, high standard city traffic system construction, intensifying management of motor vehicles, improving public traffic system, and strengthening management of construction site to decrease the dust dispersing.

我国经济的迅速发展,推动了城市餐饮业的迅猛发展,由餐饮业排放的污染物引起的环境问题投诉呈上升趋势,本文结合铜陵市餐饮业的实际状况,分析目前我国餐饮业环境问题存在的主要原因,并提出解决其污染的对策.