OBJECTIVE:This study was conducted to identify lncRNAs associated with fat deposition in Kele pigs and investigate their molecular regulatory mechanisms. METHODS:Six healthy 10-month-old male Kele pigs were selected as the experimental subjects and divided into high backfat thickness (>5%, H) and low backfat thickness group (<5%, L). Subcutaneous adipose tissue of each group was collected for whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Subsequently, the biological functions of identified lncRNAs were investigated to explore their regulatory mechanisms on fat deposition in Kele pigs. RESULTS:RNA-seq revealed 493 differentially expressed lncRNAs (p<0.05), with TCONS_00185937 and TCONS_00161198 implicated in fat deposition. Correlation analysis showed that the expression of TCONS_00185937 was significantly negatively correlated with backfat thickness, and the expression of TCONS_00161198 was significantly positively correlated with backfat thickness, and negatively correlated with eye muscle area. The pEGFP-TCONS_00185937 was transfected into subcutaneous fat precursor cells, it was found that the expression levels of TCONS_00185937 and its target genes MOGAT2 and ATGL were significantly higher than control group (p<0.05). Similarly, pEGFP-TCONS_00161198 transfected cells found that the expression levels of TCONS_00161198 and its target genes CSF3R and ACC were significantly higher than control group (p<0.05). The induced differentiation of transfected cells found that the OD510 absorption value of pEGFP-TCONS_00161198 group was higher than that of the control group. Triglyceride content was significantly higher than that of control group (p<0.01), while OD510 absorption value and triglyceride content of pEGFP-TCONS_00185937 group were lower than that of control group. CONCLUSION:The above results indicate that TCONS_00161198 and TCONS_00185937 may have regulatory effects on their target genes, thereby affecting fat deposition in pig subcutaneous fat precursor cells. This work provides a theoretical basis for the regulation of fat deposition in Kele pigs.

The present study aimed to investigate the direct effects of α-Linolenic acid (ALA) on the in vitro production of testosterone and the expression of key enzymes and proteins related to steroidogenesis in Leydig cells of roosters. METHODS:Purified primary Leydig cells isolated from 65-week-old roosters were purified and treated with different concentrations of ALA treatments: (0 μm/L [control], solvent control group (DMSO), 20 μM/L, 40 μM/L, and 80 μM/L) and cell counting-8 (CCK-8) for cell viability assay, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for the determination of testosterone in cell supernatants, quantitative (real-time) PCR, and analysis of activities of antioxidants catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential, pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins/genes Bcl-2, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) were done respectively. RESULTS:Our results showed that ALA significantly increased testosterone secretion in primary rooster Leydig cells (P < 0.05), and 40 μM/L is the optimal dose. Leydig cells supplemented with ALA (20, 40, 80 μM) increased the expression of key enzymes and proteins 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) concerning steroidogenesis, enhanced antioxidant capability, improved mitochondrial biogenesis, and markedly improved the mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of the apoptosis-suppressive gene Bcl-2 was significantly increased, but Bax and AIF expression was decreased in the ALA group compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:ALA promoted testosterone production, enhanced steroidogenic enzyme expression, improved mitochondrial function, and antioxidant capacity, and reduced apoptosis in primary rooster Leydig cells, with 40 μM/L identified as the optimal concentration.

Background: Reproductive performance is a crucial aspect of poultry production and is carefully controlled by endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors. This study aimed to investigate the effect of lycopene on testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of laying breeder roosters, clarify the mechanism of lycopene improving Leydig cells function and promoting testosterone production, and explore the role of related signal transduction pathways in testosterone synthesi Results: A total of 96 healthy 55-week-old breeding roosters were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments. They were provided with a corn-soybean meal-based diet containing different levels of lycopene: 0 mg/kg (control), 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, or 200 mg/kg. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. With the increase in lycopene levels, the testosterone content in the plasma was significantly higher than in the control group. Testicular Leydig cells were isolated and cultured from fresh testicular tissue of 45-wk-old to 60-wk-old breeding roosters. Various doses of lycopene were administered to Leydig cells, and subsequently, cells were collected for the detection of cell viability and testosterone content. The optimal concentration of lycopene to be added was determined, and changes in mRNA expression and protein levels of key proteins involved in testosterone synthesis were investigated. The results showed that lycopene treatment significantly increased testosterone secretion, mRNA expression, and protein levels of steroid-producing enzymes. Cells were collected to measure the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the mRNA transcription level of apoptotic factors, and the protein expression of apoptotic factors after treatment with lycopene. The results showed that lycopene significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and the ability to inhibit oxygen radicals, and decreased the content of malondialdehyde. Apoptosis was inhibited by regulating the expression of apoptosis-inducing and anti-apoptosis factors. After that, the MAPK signaling pathway and downstream SF-1, Nrf2 gene, and protein expression levels were detected. The results showed that lycopene treatment significantly increased the gene and protein expression of JNK, , SF-1 , and Nrf2, , and significantly decreased the gene and protein expression of p38. . Conclusions: Lycopene treatment could promote testosterone synthesis of testicular Leydig cells by activating MAPK-SF-1 (increasing steroid-producing enzyme level) and MAPK-Nrf2 pathways (resisting oxidative damage).

Cryopreservation causes higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations, leading to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation damaging sperm, and using antioxidants can improve semen quality after freeze-thaw. Natural astaxanthin (ASTA) can be inserted into cell membranes and its antioxidant properties are stronger than other antioxidants. We aimed to investigate the effects of ASTA supplementation in the Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) on post-thaw rooster semen quality and to explore the potential mechanism of rooster semen quality change. The qualifying semen ejaculates collected from 30 adult male Jinghong No. 1 laying hen breeder roosters (65 wk old) were pooled, divided into four aliquots, and diluted with BPSE having different levels of ASTA (0, 0.5, 1, or 2 μg/mL). Treated semen was cryopreserved and kept in liquid nitrogen. The entire experiment was replicated three times independently. Sperm viability, motility, curvilinear velocity, amplitude of lateral head displacement, straightness, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity were observed to be highest (P < 0.05) with 1 μg/mL ASTA at freeze-thawing. Higher (P < 0.05) antioxidant enzyme (CAT-like, SOD) activities and free radical (·OH, O2.-) scavenging ability, less ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were recorded with the addition of appropriate concentrations of ASTA compared to control. In addition, the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the 1 μg/mL ASTA group improved compared to the control group, and decreased the amount of AIF protein level but increased the Bcl-2 protein level (P < 0:05). Collectively, these results demonstrate that adding ASTA in the BPSE promoted rooster freeze-thaw sperm quality, which may be related to reducing ROS levels, protecting the antioxidant defense system, preventing lipid peroxidation, improving mitochondrial structural and functional integrity, and inhibiting sperm apoptosis.

Blood-testis barrier (BTB) made of concomitant junction apparatus between Sertoli cells (SCs) is crucial for spermatogenesis. The tight junction (TJ) function is impaired in SCs with age, exhibiting an intimate relationship to testicular dysfunction induced by age. In this study, compared with those in young boars, TJ proteins (i.e., Occludin, ZO-1, and plus Claudin-11) were discovered to have reduced expressions in testes, and spermatogenesis ability declined in old boars. An in vitro age model for D-gal-treated porcine SCs was established, the performance of Curcumin as a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound in affecting the TJ function of SCs was appraised, and related molecular mechanisms were exploited. The results manifested that 40 g/L D-gal downregulated ZO-1, Claudin-11, and Occludin in terms of the expression in SCs, whereas Curcumin restored such expressions in D-gal-treated SCs. Using the AMPK and SIRT3 inhibiters demonstrated that activation of the AMPK/SIRT3 pathway was associated with Curcumin, which not only rescued the expression of ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-11, and SOD2 but also inhibited the production of mtROS and ROS and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and release of IL-1β in D-gal-treated SCs. Furthermore, with mtROS scavenger (mito-TEMPO), NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950) plus IL-1Ra treatment ameliorated D-gal-caused TJ protein decline in SCs. In vivo data also showed that Curcumin alleviated TJ impairment in murine testes, improved D-gal-triggered spermatogenesis ability, and inactivated the NLRP3 inflammasome by virtue of the AMPK/SIRT3/mtROS/SOD2 signal transduction pathway. Given the above findings, a novel mechanism where Curcumin modulates BTB function to improve spermatogenesis ability in age-related male reproductive disorder is characterized.

As a functional fatty acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA) is essential in promoting animal testosterone biosynthesis. This study investigated the effects of ALA on testosterone biosynthesis and the possible mechanism underlying the signaling pathway in primary Leydig cells of the rooster.METHODS:Primary rooster Leydig cells were treated with ALA (0, 20, 40, or 80 μmol/L) or pretreated with a p38 inhibitor (50 μmol/L), a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (20 μmol/L), or an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor (20 μmol/L) before ALA treatment. Testosterone content in the conditioned culture medium was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of steroidogenic enzymes and JNK-SF-1 signaling pathway factors was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR).RESULTS:Supplementation with ALA significantly increased testosterone secretion within culture media (P < 0.05), and the optimized dose was 40 μmol/L. Compared with the control group, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) mRNA expression significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the 40 μmol/L ALA group; 17-hydroxylase/c17-20 lyase (P450c17) and p38 mRNA expressions were not significantly different in the 40 μmol/L ALA group; ERK and JNK mRNA expressions were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) in 40 μmol/L ALA group. In the inhibitor group, testosterone levels were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). Compared with the 40 μmol/L ALA group, StAR, P450scc, and P450c17 mRNA expressions were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and 3β-HSD mRNA expression in the p38 inhibitor group did not change; StAR, P450scc, and 3β-HSD mRNA expressions were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and P450c17 mRNA expression in ERK inhibitor group did not change; StAR, P450scc, 3β-HSD, and P450c17 mRNA expressions were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in JNK inhibitor group. Additionally, the increased steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) gene expression levels induced by ALA were reversed when the cells were pre-incubated with JNK and ERK inhibitors. The levels in the JNK inhibitor group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:ALA may promote testosterone biosynthesis by activating the JNK-SF-1 signaling pathway to upregulate StAR, P450scc, 3β-HSD, and P450c17 expression in primary rooster Leydig cells.

To select an appropriate process for gene differential expression analysis, the study analyzed the performance of three comparison tools TopHat2, HISAT2 and STAR and three differentially expressed gene screening tools DESeq2, edgeR and limma based on the fat transcriptome data of Songliao Black Pig and landrace pig, and comprehensively evaluated the performance in combination with the enrichment results of KEGG pathway. The results show that: 1) HISAT2 has the fastest running speed and STAR has the highest unique mapping ratio. After comprehensive consideration, this study selects HISAT2 data for subsequent screening and analysis of differentially expressed genes. 2) 616 differential genes were screened by DESeq2, 890 differential genes were screened by edgeR and 829 differential genes were screened by limma, and 246 differential genes overlapped among the three. 3) The up-regulated differentially expressed genes of DESeq2, edgeR, and limma were enriched to 110, 108, and 142 pathways respectively, of which 72 were overlapped, while the down-regulated differentially expressed genes were enriched to 190, 247, and 177 pathways, of which 158 were overlapped. HISAT2 is recommended for genome mapping in this study. When there is no biological duplication, edgeR is recommended to screen differentially expressed genes. In order to reduce false positives during analysis, DESeq2 or the intersection of differentially expressed genes of two or more tools can be selected. The results of this study will help researchers obtain better and more comprehensive biological insights from transcriptome data.

Chicken meat quality and flavor are determined by abundant metabolites. In this study, HPLC-QTRAP-MS-based metabolomic analysis was used to evaluate the characteristic metabolites in the breast muscle of Beijing You chickens aged 56, 98, and 120 days. A total of 544 metabolites in 32 categories were identified, among which amino acids and organic acids were the most abundant. 60 and 55 differential metabolites were identified between 56 and 98 days of age, 98 and 120 days of age, respectively. The content of l-carnitine, l-methionine and 3-hydroxybutyrate increased significantly at 98 or 120 days of age. Arginine biosynthesis, purine metabolism, alanine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid metabolism were important metabolic pathways that affect chicken meat flavor. This study can help to elucidate the metabolic mechanism of breast muscle during Beijing You chicken development and provide a theoretical reference for the improvement of chicken meat quality and flavor.

种公鸡的精子活力对养禽业的可持续发展至关重要,通过加权基因共表达网络(WGCNA)分析法挖掘种公鸡睾丸、附睾中调控精子活力的基因共表达模块和核心基因,并构建与种公鸡精子活力相关的调控网络.基于团队前期对不同精子活力种公鸡睾丸、附睾组织转录组测序数据的分析,用WGCNA方法构建基因共表达网络,识别与表型性状显著相关的基因模块,并对关键模块基因进行GO功能注释、KEGG通路富集分析.用Cytoscape软件筛选每个关键模块的核心基因并构建可视化共表达网络.结果表明,14 227个基因聚类到 11 个模块,以决定系数(R2)≥0.6、P<0.05 为标准挖掘出青绿色(Turquoise)模块、黄色(Yellow)模块、红色(Red)模块与表型显著相关.对 3 个关键模块的基因进行功能分析,发现这些基因显著富集在核苷酸切除修复、同源重组、细胞色素P450对异类物质代谢、MAPK信号通路和细胞凋亡等通路上.选出的IFT家族基因与HMOX2、CYP4B1、ANG、ITGB2 基因是与种公鸡精子活力相关的核心基因,可作为提高精子活力的潜在基因.

Abnormal function and fibrosis of endometrium caused by cows' endometritis pose difficult implantation of embryos and uterine cavity adhesions. 17β-Estradiol (E2) serves as the most effective aromatized estrogen, and its synthetase and receptors have been detected in the endometrium. Studies have demonstrated the positive role of estrogen in combating pathological fibrosis in diverse diseases. However, it is still unknown whether E2 regulates endometrium fibrosis in bovine endometritis. Herein, we evaluated the expression patterns of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT)-related proteins (α-SMA, vimentin N-cadherin and E-cadherin), cytochrome P450 19A1 (CYP19A1), and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in bovine healthy endometrium and Inflammatory endometrium. Our data showed that the inflamed endometrium presented low CYP19A1 and GPER expression, and significantly higher EMT process versus the normal tissue. Moreover, we established a TGF-β1-induced fibrosis model in BEND cells, and found that E2 inhibited the EMT process of BEND cells in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-fibrotic effect of E2 was blocked by the GPER inhibitor G15, but not the estrogen nuclear receptors (ERs) inhibitor ICI182780. Moreover, the GPER agonist G1 inhibited fibrosis and Smad2/3 phosphorylation but increased the expression of TGFBR3 in BEND cells. Transfection with TGFBR3 small interfering RNA blocked the effect of G1 on fibrosis of BEND cells and upregulated the expression of P-Smad2/3. Our in vivo data also showed that E2 and G1 affected uterus fibrosis in mice endometritis model caused by LPS, which was associated with the inhibition of TGFBR3/Smad2/3 signaling. In conclusion, our data implied that E2 alleviates the fibrosis of TGF-β1-induced BEND cells, which is associated with the GPER mediation of TGFBR3/Smad2/3 signaling.

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基于抗原抗体反应检测奶牛(Bos taurus)血液中妊娠相关糖蛋白(pregnancy-associated glycoproteins,PAGs)是目前世界上应用最普遍的牛早孕检测技术,以boPAG6作为标志物应用于母牛早期妊娠诊断的准确性更高,因此制备高敏感性的boPAG6多克隆抗体,能为奶牛早期妊娠诊断试剂盒的研发提供支持.本研究利用PCR技术扩增荷斯坦奶牛boPAG6(GenBank No.NM_176617.2)基因,构建重组质粒pET30a-boPAG6;在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)中表达His-boPAG6蛋白并优化,以重组蛋白His-boPAG6作为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠(Mus musculus)制备多克隆抗体,用ELISA方法检测血清效价,Western blot方法检测纯化后的抗体分别与重组蛋白His-boPAG6和奶牛血清的特异性反应,利用免疫荧光技术定位boPAG6在原代滋养层细胞中的表达.结果显示,本研究成功构建出大小为6534 bp的重组质粒pET30a-boPAG6,并在异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside,IPTG)终浓度为0.5 mmol/L、诱导时间为8 h的条件下表达的His-boPAG6量最高,其蛋白分子质量为50 kD.以纯化后浓度为0.412 mg/mL的His-boPAG6蛋白免疫,ELISA中抗血清的效价为1:102400,多克隆抗体能特异性识别His-boPAG6抗原并有效区分妊娠和未妊娠奶牛血清,还可检测到原代滋养层细胞中存在boPAG6蛋白.本研究成功制备了boPAG6多克隆抗体,为奶牛早期妊娠ELISA检测系统的开发提供了理论支持.

精子凋亡广泛存在于精液冻融过程,冷应激或氧化应激刺激及获能样变化均可引起精子凋亡.产生凋亡样变化的精子其结构、线粒体功能、膜电位、DNA完整性和参与凋亡反应的蛋白均发生变化,导致精子死亡率升高,活率下降.简述了冻融过程中精子凋亡的成因及抗冻保护剂的研究进展,以期为进一步提高冻融后的精子质量提供理论参考.

Cryptorchidism, as a common congenital disease of canine testes, is mainly caused by factors leading to endocrine abnormalities in testes and infertility in a heat stress and hypoxia microenvironment. Moreover, heat stress and hypoxia, as critical microenvironmental factors, promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which occurs during adult tissue remodelling responses including carcinogenesis and fibrosis and is the main cause of testicular tumours. In this study, we found by haematoxylin-eosin staining that the canine cryptorchid tissue produced a lot of collagen fibres. Also, the quantitative PCR and Western blot results showed that the mRNA and protein levels of the heat stress makers HSP70 and HO-1 and the hypoxia maker HIF-1α are significant higher compared with normal testes. Moreover, we found the expression levels of TGF-βs and its two receptors TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII increased in case of cryptorchidism. From the study in vitro, we found both heat stress and COCl2 mimic hypoxia inhibited the secretion of testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A4) and promoted the expression of the EMT maker α-SMA and vimentin in Leydig cells, and also that heat stress and COCl2 stimulated with the TGF-β signalling promoted the expression of TGF-βs and its two type receptors and also the active phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. The use of LY2109761, a receptor inhibitor of TGF-βs/Smad signalling pathway, was associated with heat stress and COCl2 suppression of androgens' secretion and stimulated EMT in Leydig cells. These findings characterized a novel pathogenesis of cryptorchidism and provided a new idea for therapeutics.

睾丸间质细胞(Leydig cells,LCs)的主要功能是合成和分泌睾酮.在睾丸间质细胞内,以胆固醇为原料,位于线粒体外膜上的类固醇合成急性调节蛋白(steroidogenic acute regulatory protein,StAR)促进胆固醇向线粒体内膜转运,在线粒体内膜胆固醇侧链裂解酶(cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome,P450scc)的催化下生成孕烯醇酮,而后通过光面内质网的羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase,3β-HSD)和转运蛋白(translocator protein,TSPO)的共同作用合成睾酮.因此,睾丸间质细胞合成和分泌睾酮与线粒体密切相关,线粒体结构和功能的完整性直接影响睾酮的生物合成,而位于线粒体上的StAR和P450scc是睾酮合成的关键调控因子.睾酮能够促进雄性生殖器官发育成熟并维持其功能,对促进蛋白质合成(如肌肉、骨骼及生殖器官的蛋白质合成)具有重要意义.近年来,通过维持线粒体结构完整性和改善线粒体氧化损伤、线粒体生物发生等功能进而促进睾酮的合成已成为睾酮合成机制的研究热点,受到国内外学者的广泛关注.作者介绍了睾丸间质细胞内睾酮合成的分子机制及影响睾酮合成的重要因子,综述了睾丸间质细胞线粒体结构、线粒体氧化损伤、线粒体调控的细胞凋亡和线粒体的生物发生等对睾酮合成的影响,阐述了线粒体与睾酮合成之间的关系,为改善睾丸间质细胞线粒体结构和功能从而促进睾酮合成提供依据,对于深入了解雄性动物的睾酮合成调节和提高雄性动物的繁殖性能具有重要的意义.

Cryopreservation of rooster sperm leads to relatively low semen quality due to cytoskeletal damage during the freeze-thawing process. This study aimed to explore how the addition of RhoA recombinant protein affected the viability and subcellular structure of rooster sperm after freeze-thawing and elucidated the molecular mechanisms of sperm cryopreservation. Semen quality and acrosome integrity testing revealed that the addition of 0.5 μg/mL RhoA recombinant protein to the cryoprotectant fluid significantly increased sperm motility, survival rate, linearity, straight-line velocity, and acrosome integrity after freeze-thawing (P < 0.05). Ultrastructure analysis of cryopreserved sperm showed structural damage to the sperm plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, and tail. However, compared to the control, these structural changes were reduced upon the addition of RhoA recombinant protein to the cryoprotective fluid (P < 0.05). Western blotting revealed that the expression of Rho/RhoA-associated kinase and p-cofilin was increased, and cofilin expression was decreased after sperm cryopreservation with recombinant RhoA protein. Treatment with Y-27632, a ROCK antagonist, suppressed ROCK and p-cofilin expression and decreased semen quality, acrosome integrity, and ultrastructure integrity. In summary, we have demonstrated a cryoprotective effect in spermatozoa involving the Rho/ROCK pathway during freeze-thawing. Furthermore, the addition of 0.5 μg/mL RhoA recombinant protein to the cryoprotective fluid improved rooster semen quality and subcellular structural homeostasis after freeze-thawing via the Rho/ROCK pathway. This pathway may regulate the dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton by regulating the cofilin phosphorylation.

旨在利用高通量测序技术对松辽黑猪和长白猪背最长肌组织样本进行mRNA测序和差异分析,筛选影响猪肌肉生长、肉质和脂肪沉积的关键基因,从而为猪肉品质研究提供新的参考信息.采集6头松辽黑猪和6头长白猪的背最长肌组织样本,提取其RNA,采用Illumina HiSeq 2500高通量测序技术对mRNA进行测序,并对获得的reads进行比对、注释和差异表达分析,用NOISeq筛选出差异表达基因并进行相关生物学功能富集分析.结果表明,从2个猪种间共筛选出了664个差异表达基因,其中,364个基因在松辽黑猪中高表达,300个基因在长白猪中高表达.通过对差异表达基因进行生物学功能分析,筛选出LPIN1、FADS1、FADS2、PLIN2、PPARGC1A、PRKAG2和ACSL1等基因参与脂类代谢和肌肉发育相关的调控,相关通路为脂肪酸代谢、PPAR信号通路、AMPK信号通路、胰岛素信号通路和脂肪细胞因子信号通路等.

This study's objective was to investigate the effects of dietary Se (in the form of selenomethionine) on the antioxidant activity and selenoprotein gene expressions in layer breeder roosters. One hundred and eighty, 36-wk-old Jingfen layer breeder roosters were randomly allocated to one of 5 dietary treatments (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg Se) for 6 wk on a corn-soybean meal-based diet. Antioxidant parameters and selenoprotein gene expressions were assessed at the end of the experiment. The results showed that Se supplementation significantly increased the activity of T-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and superoxide anion scavenging ability in plasma (P ≤ 0.05), and activities of T-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, superoxide anion scavenging ability, and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability in the liver, kidney, and testis (P < 0.05). Moreover, MDA levels were significantly reduced in plasma, liver, kidney, and testis (P < 0.01), compared to the control group. Furthermore, the dietary administration of Se significantly increased TrxR2 and GPx4 mRNA levels in kidney and testis, and ID1 mRNA levels in liver and kidney. Most of the antioxidant parameters and selenoprotein-related gene expressions significantly increased, and MDA significantly decreased at dietary supplementation with 0.5 mg/kg Se. Whereas a higher dose of Se level (1 or 2 mg/kg) inhibited the activities of some of the antioxidant enzymes and selenoprotein-related gene expressions in selected tissues. In conclusion, dietary Se supplementation with 0.5 mg/kg significantly improved roosters’ antioxidant status and selenoprotein-related gene expression in liver, kidney, and testis, while higher doses led to inhibit these; dietary Se might increase reproductive performance by enhancing their antioxidant status in roosters.

种公鸡在种鸡生产中占有重要地位,其精液品质的好坏直接影响种鸡场的繁殖效率.几种生物活性物质对种公鸡精子质量、氧化损伤、生殖激素和相关分子网络具有调节作用.本文简述了不同生物活性物质对种公鸡繁殖性能的影响及其作用机理,为全面了解生物活性物质对种公鸡繁殖性能的调控作用及在种鸡生产中的应用提供理论参考.

本文旨在通过对种公鸡睾丸和附睾进行转录组测序和生物信息学分析,筛选出2种组织中的差异表达基因并分析其生物学功能,探究睾丸和附睾在鸡精子发生和成熟过程中的作用.本研究共以8只公鸡的睾丸和附睾组织为对象,采用RNA-seq技术分析2种组织中的基因表达情况,筛选出差异表达基因并对差异表达基因进行GO和KEGG通路富集分析.结果表明,在种公鸡的睾丸和附睾组织的样本中平均获得3.1×107条clean reads,其中80％的clean reads比对到鸡参考基因组上.与附睾组织相比,睾丸中共有5124个差异表达基因,包括2300个上调基因和2814个睾丸下调基因.GO富集分析表明,差异表达基因主要富集在细胞分化、细胞发育和细胞粘附以及蛋白质分解过程;KEGG通路主要富集在MAPK通路、谷胱甘肽代谢途径、细胞色素P450对外源物质的代谢作用途径、药物代谢-细胞色素P450途径.综合分析基因表达水平,GO和KEGG富集结果表明,睾丸中上调表达基因LAMTOR3、AVBD10、HPGDS可能在精子发生过程中发挥作用;附睾中上调基因TRIM36、TCP11在调节精子运动能力中发挥重要作用;睾丸在外源物质代谢中发挥重要作用.本研究为分析鸡睾丸和附睾功能差异提供了新的参考和理论依据.