目的:评估炮兵部队新兵功能动作能力和运动损伤风险,指导体能训练和军事训练伤防治工作开展.方法:采用功能性动作筛查对某炮兵部队357名2016年度入伍新兵进行功能动作能力测试.结果:1)新兵FMS总分范围为8～20分,平均14.01±1.73,≤14分的占58.82％;2)得分最高的单项为肩部灵活性(2.63±0.52),最低的为躯干稳定性(1.43±0.78);3)受限比例最高的动作模式是躯干稳定性(54.62％),最低为肩部灵活性受限(1.68％);4)有5项测试出现人员疼痛,以躯干稳定性测试中的疼痛发生比例最高(7.00％);5)整体动力链受限情况,主要表现为髋、膝、踝灵活性和稳定性较差、骨盆控制能力和反射性躯干核心稳定性较弱、下肢肌肉柔韧性较差和肩胛稳定性不足等.结论:该部新兵FMS低分人员较多,整体动作能力较差,训练损伤风险较高,应开展针对性动作模式纠正训练,以提高功能动作水平,降低训练伤风险.

Through searching and analyzing extensive documentation on the function of athletic shoes,according to the data and methodology,and the physical nature of athletic shoes,we explained the purpose and significance of the test index of the athletic shoes function.The testing principles and testing methods of the function index of athletic shoes(non-slippery function,shock absorption function,breathable function,absorption and release moisture function of shoes materials,the relation of weight and thickness of soles,bending degree of shoes head) were determined,and the developmental trend was forecasted.This study provided the reference for the research and test of the athletic shoes function,and provided scientific theoretical basis for the research and established a profession standards for the athletic shoes industry.

Through referring to a great deal of literature data of the sport shoes,basing on the de- sign and demand of sporting technique item,this paper sums up the performances of high-tech- nique sporting shoes.Take jogging shoes for example,combining the feature of the middle-dis- tance race and using analytic hierarchy process (AHP),index system of biomechanical capability of jogging shoes is constructed.The performance of sporting shoes is estimated according to du- rability,safety,comfort and sporting technique item and so on.This can provide new idea for the quality inspection and estimation of sporting shoes.

How bullet trajectory deflection shooting during three projects of small-calibre rifles, male rapid fire and the female slowly accelerate affected by gravity, Coriolis force and different levels of wind speed were explored. Mechanics principles and mathematical physics analysis were applied, and factors which affected flight trajectory during three projects were evaluated. Some conclusions were addressed. Gravity was the most important factor effecting on trajectory of deflection shooting competitions, and competition results were caused seriously by gravity, which affected bullet trajectories vertical direction deflection. Competition results of small-calibre rifles were affected by Coriolis force significantly, and the higher degree of latitude the more affected. The results of small-calibre rifles would be affected if wind speed greater than 4-level, and the bigger of wind speed the more affected. These factors were not considered if wind speed smaller. Men rapid fire and the woman slowly accelerate projects were not affected by wind speed and Coriolis force.

The vibration strength training is a new type of strength training,which gets more and more concerned by experts at home and abroad for effectively increasing muscle strength and explosiveness with little load.Based on the time of vibration,the acute effect and structural effect of vibration was classified.The factors influencing acute effect and structural effect were reviewed and research trend on these tow kind of effects was discussed.

Through using the method of literature review and mathematical statistics,this paper reviews on 191 papers concerning about sports biomechanics from the aspects of research selection,content,method and research staff in the proceedings of 11th National Symposium of Sports Biomechanics.The main purpose is to analyze the current condition of our sports biomechanics and make deep discussion on the developing trend.The result shows that research papers concerning about content and topic are extensive.The proportion of research on movement skill has decrease,but still in domination.However,the research subject on ordinary people gradually increases,especially for sports equipments,sports injury and mass fitness.The research staff has already refers to other disciplines and non-sports field.

对我国部分优秀男子体操运动员跳马"前手翻团身前空翻两周"高难度动作进行了影片解析.研究结果表明,踏跳的缓冲时相,重心持续上升,是获得起跳重心垂直速度的重要阶段;在蹬伸时相,踝与膝关节同时发力,且踝关节的伸展速度最快;在推手顶肩的同时,制动腿急振躯干促使动量矩的转移是完成推手动作技术的重要特征;在第2腾空动作过程中,各周所用时间不尽合理,提高第1周翻转速度是完成动作的关键.

本文通过对我国部分优秀男子体操运动员跳马"前手翻团身前空翻2周"动作的影片解析,揭示出运动员在完成该动作关键技术之一的第2腾空动作技术的运动学特征与规律,为进一步训练提供理论依据与技术参数.