以中国石油工程建设有限公司华北分公司承建的华港燃气集团有限公司的河间LNG调峰储备库项目薄膜罐建造为背景,介绍了国内陆上首座LNG薄膜罐维护系统在绝缘模块安装之前为提高安装精度及工作效率,采用激光跟踪仪结合Polyworks软件寻点、MOFA软件进行数据处理的方式进行打点划线工作.通过详细的操作步骤阐述具体的打点划线工艺,该工艺首次在陆上LNG薄膜罐施工中使用,对后续LNG薄膜罐建造中提高打点划线精度、提高工作效率有较高的实用价值和指导意义.

Thermoplastic composite pipes (TCPs) are becoming potential alternatives to steel pipes for transporting hydrocarbon and other fluids in the oil and gas industry due to the superior properties including corrosion resistance, light weight, high pressure rating, etc. The cross section of TCPs generally consists of three layers: inner liner, composite laminate, and outer jacket; three layers are fusion-bonded together to form a solid-walled construction. The multi-layered structure and anisotropic material drive the analysis of TCPs much more complicated than those of steel pipes. In the present study, a partially-plastic theoretical model was developed for analysis of TCPs subjected to internal pressures. The theoretical model, benchmarked by FEA simulations, can accurately calculate the stresses which are not uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the TCP. Experiments were conducted on TCPs with the laminate layer of a different thickness. Comparisons of the experimental and theoretical results show that the partially-plastic theoretical model and the fiber failure criterion accurately predict the burst pressure of TCPs of winding angles of ±55°. The applicability of Tsai–Hill, Tsai–Wu, and fiber failure criteria were assessed using experimental data. The advantages of the partially-plastic theoretical model and influences of the thickness of the laminate layer were demonstrated using case examples. The present work provides some useful tools and guidance for the design and analysis of TCPs and other composite pressure vessels.

The traditional fixed-point operation robot of natural gas pipeline uses cable as the medium to realise the through -wall communication. However, with the increase of working distance, problems such as increasing cable weight or friction force with the pipeline wall will prevent the work from continuing and have a high potential risk. In order to solve this problem, this paper puts forward an overall design of the through-wall communication using the extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic wave with strong penetration ability. Firstly, a model of the solenoid transmitting coil is established using the Maxwell finite element simulation module to simulate the distribution of the extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field. Then, the influence of different factors such as environment and medium on magnetic field intensity are analysed. With STM32F405 as the main control chip and AD9959 as the transmitting signal source, the hardware circuit of the communication system is built. At the same time, an experimental test of the ELF communication system is carried out and the experimental results show that the designed through-wall communication system can achieve good communication inside and outside the tube. The communication distance along the radial direction of the tube can reach 140 cm, which can meet the communication needs of fixed-point operation of the robot in the tube.

吐哈盆地下侏罗统油气资源潜力大,剩余资源量多,已发现的油气藏主要分布于台北凹陷胜北洼陷和丘东洼陷周边的正向构造带,以构造油气藏为主,洼陷腹部油气勘探研究程度低.基于对已知油气藏的解剖,对台北凹陷三大富烃洼陷的沉积体系、烃源岩、储集层和成藏条件开展系统研究.结果表明,台北凹陷水西沟群煤系烃源岩广泛发育,与辫状河三角洲砂岩大面积接触,利于形成近源致密砂岩气藏.下侏罗统发育圈闭型和连续型2类致密砂岩气藏,其中洼陷腹部是连续型致密砂岩气成藏的有利区,勘探应由源边正向构造转向富烃洼陷,由源上常规油藏向近源(源内)致密砂岩气藏转变,胜北洼陷和丘东洼陷腹部具备形成大气藏的条件,是下侏罗统近源大面积致密砂岩气藏勘探的有利区域.

全球海域油气剩余经济可采储量近80％在浅海,超过一半在中东波斯湾海域;浅水海域贡献了全球油气产量的1/3;海域多达67％的油气田处于二次采油阶段;深水、超深水油气开发实际成本明显低于浅水油气开发成本.随着国际油价的回暖和攀升,预期海域新投产油气田数量和油气产量将逐步回暖;海域油气开发活动由浅水向深水和超深水海域不断拓展;海域油气实际开发成本与保本价均降至历史最低水平.未来5年,全球海域的开发投资将带动海域油气产量迎来新的增长,海域油气开发的景气度有望进一步提升.建议抓住中亚局势动荡、国际石油公司退出海域油气资产的机会,适时介入中亚滨里海海域天然气业务,获取更多优质的海域油气资产.

Deep-water gas well testing is a key technology for obtaining reservoir production and physical property parameters. However, gas hydrates could easily form and cause blockage in the low-temperature and high-pressure environment on the seafloor. Therefore, it is extremely important to inhibit hydrate growth in deep-water operations. Ionic liquid is a type of hydrate inhibitor with both thermodynamic and kinetic effects. However, its intrinsic inhibiting mechanism is still unclear. By using molecular dynamics simulation, the growth process of methane hydrate in the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole chloride (EMIM-Cl)-containing system at the pressure of 15 MPa and temperature of 273.15 K was studied. The system energy and angular order parameters (AOP) were extracted as the evaluation indicators. It was found that the time for the complete growth of methane hydrate in the EMIM-Cl-containing system was about 10 ns, longer than that in the pure water, indicating that EMIM-Cl showed an obvious inhibition effect to hydrate growth. The results also implied that the joint action of hydrogen bond and steric hindrance might be the inhibition mechanism of EMIM-Cl. Some six-membered rings in hydrate crystal large cage structures evolved from five-membered rings under the effect of EMIM, which partly contributed to the delay of hydrate formation.

介绍了反应原料甲苯与碳九及以上芳烃(C9+ A)不同比例对HLD甲苯歧化催化剂反应性能的影响.C9+ A与甲苯的比例变化对催化剂的反应性能和产物组成有较大影响,同时对产物中非芳生成量也有一定影响,工业装置可以通过调节原料比例进而调整反应产物中苯和碳八芳烃的组成.

A sedimentary basin is classified as a super basin when its cumulative production exceeds 5 billion barrels of oil equivalent (6.82×108 t of oil or 7931.66×108 m3 of gas) and its remaining recoverable resources are at least 5 billion barrels of oil equivalent. By the end of 2019, the total output of oil and gas in Sichuan Basin had been 6569×108 m3 with the gas-oil ratio of 80:1, and the total remaining recoverable resources reached 136 404×108 m3, which makes it as a second-tier super basin. Because the output is mainly gas, it is a super gas basin. The reason why the Sichuan Basin is a super gas basin is that it has four advantages: (1) The advantage of gas source rocks: it has the most gas source rocks (9 sets) among all the basins in China. (2) The advantage of resource quantity: it has the most total remaining recoverable resources among all the basins in China (136404×108 m3). (3) The advantage of large gas fields: it has the most large gas fields (27) among all the basins in China. (4) The advantage of total production: by the end of 2019, the total gas production had been 6 487.8×108 m3, which ranked the first among all the basins in China. There are four major breakthroughs in natural gas exploration in Sichuan Basin: (1) A breakthrough in shale gas: shale gas was firstly found in the Ordovician Wufeng-Silurian Longmaxi formations in China. (2) A breakthrough in tight sandstone gas: the Triassic Xu2 Member gas reservoir in Zhongba gas field is the first high recovery tight sandstone gas reservoir in China. (3) A breakthrough in giant carbonate gas fields. (4) A breakthrough in ultra-deep gas reservoir. These breakthroughs have led to important progress in different basins across the country. Super basins are classified according to three criteria: cumulative production and remaining recoverable resources of oil and gas, tectonic attributes of the basin, and the proportions of oil and gas in cumulative oil and gas production.

全球油气业务面临的挑战是如何从全球油气行业不断生成的多维度、多类型油气大数据中快速提取、挖掘、分析数据背后有价值的信息,并对行业热点、动态、发展趋势做出及时预判.创新是引领发展的第一动力.为了适应全球油气业务快速发展的需要,需在全球油气业务中引入大数据挖掘分析技术,对全球油气数据开展了多数据源的数据提取、数据融合、数据下钻、聚类分析、趋势分析.通过多维度数据计算、历史拟合,以及数据可视化,实现对行业热点、动态、发展趋势的实时跟踪与及时预判.大数据挖掘技术与全球油气业务相结合,为全面、及时、准确地把握全球油气行业动态提供了有力手段.

吐哈盆地台北凹陷水西沟群普遍发育低饱和度油藏,平面上多集中在台北凹陷正向构造,纵向上主要赋存于西山窑组和三工河组.研究区低饱和度油藏基本特征为含油饱和度低、储集层物性差、自然产能低、储集层改造后高产、长期油水同出.为了解该类油藏成因,基于储集层、构造、成藏演化与含油饱和度之间的关系开展研究.结果表明,储集层和构造是影响油藏含油饱和度的主要因素,一是压实减孔、细孔微喉造成油气充注不彻底,导致低含油饱和度;二是夹层或遮挡层的存在,油气藏被分割,阻碍了油气纵向调整;三是低幅度构造成藏动力不足,影响含油饱和度;四是后期构造活动对古油藏的调整破坏导致含油饱和度低.综合分析认为,台北凹陷水西沟群低饱和度油藏剩余资源量大,是吐哈盆地油气勘探的重要接替领域,储集层甜点与继承性正向构造叠合区,是寻找相对高含油饱和度油藏的有利区.

苏里格南部地区是近年来勘探评价的重点地区.该地区上古生界沉积体系、下古生界奥陶系风化壳和古隆起台缘斜坡礁滩相沉积体系中均孕育着巨大的天然气产能,成为鄂尔多斯盆地天然气勘探开发的战略接替区.研究区目标层埋深大,储层厚度小;下古生界地层间波阻抗差异小,地层反射能量弱,分辨率低.针对这些难点,本文利用精细闭合差技术刻画目的 层,采用波形特征分析、叠前反演等方法精细描述目的 层的构造形态并预测砂体厚度,采用谐振法对目的 层进行含油气检测.研究结果表明:研究区北部砂体厚薄变化相对较快,而南部总体砂体厚度变化较小.根据砂体厚度分布、有效砂厚与试气成果对盒8段进行有利区评价,有利勘探目标约为7505 km2,其中Ⅰ类面积约为4729 km2,Ⅱ类面积约为2776 km2,预测结果为钻探井位提供了准确依据.

为了深入分析吐哈盆地胜北洼陷七克台组二段致密油成藏条件与主控因素,有效促进致密油勘探,开展了岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察、高压压汞和有机地球化学分析等研究.结果表明:①七克台组二段发育一套微咸水湖相低熟烃源岩,TOC质量分数平均值为1.78％,有机质以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1型为主,烃源岩品质良好.②七克台组二段中部发育一套致密混积岩储层,孔隙度为2.6％～7.8％,渗透率普遍<1.0 mD,孔隙结构及连通性中等,允许流体流动的孔喉直径下限为50 nm,可动流体孔隙度下限为2.6％,致密油可动性较强.③优质烃源岩分布、油源断裂、有利沉积相带共同控制了致密油藏的分布,具有"自源供烃、断-缝输导、优势相带控藏"的特征,根据控藏要素可划分出2类致密油勘探有利区.该研究成果对促进吐哈盆地胜北洼陷致密油勘探具有指导意义.

古地貌的分布特征是天然气富集程度的主要影响因素,因此古地貌恢复对于油气资源勘探开发至关重要.本文通过对研究区古生界的地质资料分析后发现,该地区钻井资料较少,依托钻井资料恢复古地貌的方法难以实现对古地貌的精细刻画.针对这一难题,提出了结合地震资料采用残余厚度法和层拉平技术,进行靖边气田东侧奥陶系马家沟组马五段古地貌恢复.为了准确划分地貌单元,通过联井正演模型和实际资料的对比的基础上,进行古地貌单元划分,识别出岩溶高地、残丘、洼地等古地貌单元以及在研究区内分布特征,最后得到了靖边气田东侧岩溶古地貌呈现出西高东低、北高南低、厚度不均一的分布规律.通过分析古地貌单元对储层分布的影响,经钻井试气验证,发现岩溶残丘和岩溶斜坡为天然气成藏极佳的古地貌单元,为靖边气田东侧地区的储层预测和井位优选提供了可靠的依据.

D区A油藏目前处于双高开发阶段,但油层原始物性条件好,因套损井导致储量失控区域多,剩余油挖潜空间大.本文从基础地质特征和油田开发特征入手,利用数值模拟手段对剩余油分布进行刻画,通过对补孔改层和开窗侧钻井的措施挖潜实践,明确了现阶段潜力层的测井特征,并指出了下步挖潜剩余油的主要方向.

低渗透中高渗油藏进入高含水开发阶段后已形成水驱高渗层段或优势通道,剩余油零散分布,如何提高最终采收率是油藏面临的核心技术瓶颈.微生物活化水驱技术具有低成本、安全环保的优势和扩大波及体积及驱油效率的双重效果,实践表明,该技术改善水驱、降水增油效果显著,提高采收率的发展趋势良好,具有较强的技术适应性和推广应用前景.

If heave motion in the platform causes horizontal parametric vibration of a Compliant Vertical Access Riser (CVAR), the riser may become unstable. A combination of riser parameters lies in the unstable region aggravates vibrational damage to the riser. Change of axial tensile stress in the riser combined with its natural frequency and mode shape change results in mode coupling. In accordance with the state transition matrices of the riser in the coupled and uncoupled states, the stable and unstable regions were obtained by Floquet theory, and the vibration response under different conditions was obtained. The parametric excitation of the CVAR is shown to occur mainly in first-order unstable regions. Mode coupling may cause parametric excitation in the least stable regions. Damping reduces the extent of unstable regions to a certain extent.

To improve water flooding sweeping efficiency and oil displacement efficiency in reservoirs with abnormally high temperature and high salinity during late development stage, taking Gasikule E-3(1) reservoir as the research object, lab study and field test of sweep control technique (SCT) were conducted. Performance evaluation and field test results of soft microgel (SMG) agent show that: SCT has good thermal stability in the target reservoir and an effective period of 100-120 d in the field test, and the success rate of SCT can be greatly increased by adjusting particle size and concentration of the gel. Unlike polymer flooding or polymer-gel flooding which improves oil recovery by enhancing sweep efficiency, SCT can improve oil displacement and water sweep efficiency, and its displacement mechanisms have been confirmed by the lab experiment and field test. The SCT has been applied in six well groups in the target reservoir, resulting in a cumulative oil increment of 1.03x10(4) tons, water production drop of 4.79x10(4) m(3), and an input-output ratio of 1:2.09. But when international oil price is low, SCT project may have high failure risk in application to reservoirs with abnormally high temperature and high salinity.

根据《环境影响报告书》要求：厂界噪声应控制达标排放，项目投入运行后周围大气环境质量和声环境质量仍符合现有环境功能区划，并且必须符合相关规范及规程要求。厂界噪声控制目标为《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》(GB12348-2008)中II类标准，即厂界处噪声等效声级Leq昼间60dB(A)，夜间50dB(A)；《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》，工作场所职业接触噪声限值为Leq 85dB(A)。该项目的空冷器的风机噪音较大，鉴于以上要求，需要对其进行降噪处理，以到达标准值。该文结合工程中实际情况的对空冷器噪声的处理方式进行简单的介绍。

为了探讨吐哈盆地沙尔湖凹陷侏罗系煤层气的勘探潜力,应用大量最新分析化验数据和钻井资料,分析了煤层发育特征、煤岩热演化规律和显微组分、煤储层物性、煤层气成因类型、煤岩吸附特征、含气性、构造运动、水动力条件、煤岩直接顶板的岩性等保存条件及前期煤层气井勘探失利原因等.结果表明,沙尔湖凹陷煤岩热演化程度低,具典型的煤层原生生物气特征,均质性差;但煤层厚度大,煤层裂隙及大孔发育,原煤含气量高,煤层气保存条件较好,煤层气总资源量较大.总之,沙尔湖凹陷侏罗系煤层气成藏条件优越,资源丰庹高,采用合适的钻井、完井、储层改造措施及排采制度,将会取得一定的勘探成效.

Salt precipitation of original fluid for dry acrylic spinning depends on concentration of NaHSO4 and concentration of NaKSO4 in polymer, content of H2SO4 and DMF hydrolysis rate. Consequently, water-washing effect should be especially improved in order to reduce concentration of NaHSO4 in polymer. And process operation should be enhanced in order to prevent from increasing of residue potassium quantity in polymer. As far as possible crystallization of Na2SO4 forms before press-filter machine process, existence of H2SO4 in DMF should be avoided.