This study aims to evaluate whether the amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) and the level of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are associated with synchronous contralateral breast cancer (CBC) during preoperative MRI staging of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. From January 2010 to December 2019, core needle biopsy-confirmed newly diagnosed breast cancer patients who underwent preoperative bilateral breast MRI were screened. 61 eligible patients with pathologically proven synchronous CBC were enrolled as the study group, while 122 matched primary breast cancer patients without synchronous CBC were selected as the control group.Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95

Although youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a family history of bipolar I disorder (BD) are at increased risk for developing BD, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Aberrant ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and amygdala (AMY) functional connectivity (FC) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of BD. This study compared VLPFC-AMY FC in psychostimulant-free ADHD youth with (high-risk, HR) and without (low-risk, LR) a BD family history, and healthy controls (HCs). Subjects received a magnetic resonance scan while performing a continuous performance task with emotional and neutral distractors. Generalized psychophysiological interaction analysis was used to assess VLPFC-AMY FC in response to unpleasant emotional stimuli and attentional targets. A total of 144 adolescents (46 HC, 50 LR, and 48 HR) were included. In response to unpleasant emotional stimuli, FC between right VLPFC and left AMY differed among groups. HR youth exhibited lower right VLPFC-left AMY FC compared with both LR and HC, and LR youth exhibited lower right VLPFC-left AMY FC compared with HC. There were no group differences in right VLPFC-left AMY FC in response to attentional distractors. ADHD in conjunction with BD family history is associated with blunted emotion-generated right VLPFC-left AMY FC compared with ADHD youth without a BD family history and healthy youth, and may represent a neurobiological feature associated with genetic vulnerability to BD.

Background: Response to pharmacotherapy varies considerably among youths with bipolar disorder (BD) and is poorly predicted by clinical or demographic features. It can take several weeks to determine whether medication for BD is clinically effective. Although neuroimaging biomarkers are promising predictors, few studies examined the predictive value of the brain connectomic topology. Methods: BD-I youth (N = 121) with no prior psychopharmacotherapy were randomized to 6-weeks of doubleblind quetiapine or lithium. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed before medication and at one week after medication initiation. Brain structural connectome was established from the MRI scans, and topological metrics were calculated for each patient. Deep learning-based prediction model was built using baseline and one-week connectome topology to predict medication response at week 6. Results: Both baseline topological metrics and one-week topological changes could predict treatment response with significant accuracy (73.8 %- 86.8 %). A longitudinally joint model combining baseline and one-week topology provided the highest accuracy (91.3 %). The transferability between models for quetiapine and lithium was relatively poor. In addition, predictions for the two drugs were driven by similar baseline but distinct one-week salient topological patterns. Limitations: Independent replication is needed to validate our preliminary findings. Conclusion: Brain structural connectomic topology at baseline and its acute changes within the first week enable accurate BD medication response prediction. The most contributive brain regions differed between prediction models for quetiapine and lithium after one week. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the development of neuroimaging-based biomarkers for guiding therapeutic interventions in youth with BD.

Age at onset may be an important feature associated with distinct subtypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Little is known about the neuropathological mechanism of early-onset ALS (EO-ALS) and late-onset ALS (LO-ALS). Ninety ALS patients were divided into EO-ALS and LO-ALS group, and 128 healthy controls were matched into young controls(YCs) and old controls (OCs). A voxel-based morphometry approach was employed to investigate differences in gray matter volume (GMV). Significant age at onset-by-diagnosis interactions were found in the left parietal operculum, left precentral gyrus, bilateral postcentral gyrus, right occipital gyrus, and right orbitofrontal cortex. Post hoc analysis revealed a significant decrease in GMV in all affected regions of EO-ALS patients compared with YCs, with increased GMV in 5 of the 6 brain regions, except for the right orbitofrontal cortex, in LO-ALS patients compared with OCs. LO-ALS patients had a significantly increased GMV than EO-ALS patients after removing the aging effect. Correspondingly, GMV of the left postcentral gyrus correlated with disease severity in the 2 ALS groups. Our findings suggested that the pathological mechanisms in ALS patients with different ages at onset might differ. These findings provide unique insight into the clinical and biological heterogeneity of the 2 ALS subtypes.

BackgroundYouth with a family history of bipolar disorder (BD) may be at increased risk for mood disorders and for developing side effects after antidepressant exposure. The neurobiological basis of these risks remains poorly understood. We aimed to identify biomarkers underlying risk by characterizing abnormalities in the brain connectome of symptomatic youth at familial risk for BD.MethodsDepressed and/or anxious youth (n = 119, age = 14.9 ± 1.6 years) with a family history of BD but no prior antidepressant exposure and typically developing controls (n = 57, age = 14.8 ± 1.7 years) received functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an emotional continuous performance task. A generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analysis was performed to compare their brain connectome patterns, followed by machine learning of topological metrics.ResultsHigh‐risk youth showed weaker connectivity patterns that were mainly located in the default mode network (DMN) (network weight = 50.1%) relative to controls, and connectivity patterns derived from the visual network (VN) constituted the largest proportion of aberrant stronger pairs (network weight = 54.9%). Global local efficiency (Elocal, p = .022) and clustering coefficient (Cp, p = .029) and nodal metrics of the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) (Elocal: p < .001; Cp: p = .001) in the high‐risk group were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects, and similar patterns were also found in the left insula (degree: p = .004; betweenness: p = .005; age‐by‐group interaction, p = .038) and right hippocampus (degree: p = .003; betweenness: p = .003). The case–control classifier achieved a cross‐validation accuracy of 78.4%.ConclusionsOur findings of abnormal connectome organization in the DMN and VN may advance mechanistic understanding of risk for BD. Neuroimaging biomarkers of increased network segregation in the SFG and altered topological centrality in the insula and hippocampus in broader limbic systems may be used to target interventions tailored to mitigate the underlying risk of brain abnormalities in these at‐risk youth.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) commonly precedes the initial onset of mania in youth with familial risk for bipolar disorder (BD). Although ADHD youth with and without BD familial risk exhibit different clinical features, associated neuropathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify brain functional network abnormalities associated with ADHD in youth with and without familial risk for BD. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 37 ADHD youth with a family history of BD (high-risk), 45 ADHD youth without a family history of BD (low-risk), and 32 healthy controls (HC). Individual whole-brain functional networks were constructed, and graph theory analysis was applied to estimate network topological metrics. Topological metrics, including network efficiency, small-worldness and nodal centrality, were compared across groups, and associations between topological metrics and clinical ratings were evaluated. Compared to HC, low-risk ADHD youth exhibited weaker global integration (i.e., decreased global efficiency and increased characteristic path length), while high-risk ADHD youth showed a disruption of localized network components with decreased frontoparietal and frontolimbic connectivity. Common topological deficits were observed in the medial superior frontal gyrus between low- and high-risk ADHD. Distinct network deficits were found in the inferior parietal lobule and corticostriatal circuitry. Associations between global topological metrics and externalizing symptoms differed significantly between the two ADHD groups. Different patterns of functional network topological abnormalities were found in high- as compared to low-risk ADHD, suggesting that ADHD in youth with BD familial risk may represent a phenotype that is different from ADHD alone.

Motivation: Although youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with a family history of bipolar I disorder (BD) are at increased risk for developing BD, associated neurofunctional mechanisms remain understood. Goal(s): To investigate the differences in functional connectivity (FC) between ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and amygdala (AMY) among ADHD youth with (‘high-risk’, HR) and without (‘low-risk’, LR) a BD family history and healthy controls (HC). Approach: gPPI analysis was conducted to assess the VLPFC-AMY FC in response to unpleasant emotional stimuli. Results: Both LR and HR exhibited lower right VLPFC-left AMY FC compared to HC, and HR had even lower FC compared with LR. Impact: ADHD in conjunction with BD family history showed blunted emotion-generated right VLPFC-left AMY FC compared with ADHD youth without a BD family history and healthy youth, and may therefore represent a central biomarker that is relevant to BD risk progression.

认知障碍是放射性脑损伤最常见的临床表现,主要依据临床表现与神经心理学量表诊断,临床上尚无法做到早期诊断.放疗后认知障碍的发展与放射性脑损伤的病理过程相关.本文综述了放疗后认知障碍相关的病理过程与MRI在放疗后认知障碍应用的最新进展,总结了不同序列放射性脑损伤的早期影像学表现和相对应的病理改变,以及基于MRI的人工智能和影像组学在预测放疗后认知障碍患者的应用,并基于此提出人工智能和影像组学结合多序列MRI早期诊断放疗后认知障碍的研究方向,有助于临床早期准确识别放疗后认知障碍患者并尽早干预,提升患者生活质量.

(1) Background: to investigate the prevalence of white matter hyperintensities (WMH), risk factors, and correlation with enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS) among young patients (age, 16-45 years) in a neurological outpatient clinic. (2) Methods: a total of 887 young patients who underwent a head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)examination between 1 June 2021, and 30 November 2021, were included in this study. Paraventricular WMH (PWMH), deep WMH (DWMH), ePVS in the centrum semiovale (CSO-ePVS), and basal ganglia (BG-ePVS) were rated. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the best predictors for the presence of WMH and, for the association of the severity of ePVS with the presence of WMH. Goodman-Kruskal gamma test was used to assess the correlation between the severity of ePVS and WMH. (3) Results: the prevalence of WMH was 37.0%, with low severity. Age, hypertension (p < 0.001), headache (p = 0.031), syncope (p = 0.012), and sleep disturbance (p = 0.003) were associated with the presence of DWMH. Age, sex (p = 0.032), hypertension (p = 0.004) and sleep disturbance (p < 0.001) were associated with the presence of PWMH. The severity of CSO-ePVS was associated with the presence and the severities of DWMH. The severity of BG-ePVS was associated with the presence and severities of DWMH and PWMH. (4) Conclusions: the prevalence of WMH was 37% and mild in young patients without specific causes. Older age, female, hypertension, headache, syncope, and sleep disturbance were associated with WMH. The severity of ePVS had an impact on the presence and severity of WMH in the corresponding brain regions.

目的 探讨不典型椎管内神经鞘瘤的MRI影像学表现,提高对该疾病的诊断率.方法 选择34例经手术病理诊断证实的不典型椎管内神经鞘瘤患者,其中男性19例,女性15例;年龄18～83岁,平均年龄50.9岁(标准差16.7岁);肿瘤单发28例,多发6例;平均直径2.5 cm(标准差1.3 cm).分析患者临床、病理诊断及MRI诊断资料,观察肿瘤的数目、发病部位、大小、形态、生长方式、信号特点、囊性变、出血及强化方式.结果 椎管内神经鞘瘤单发者被误诊为脊膜瘤者10例,室管膜瘤9例,血管瘤7例,神经源性肿瘤1例,骶管囊肿1例;多发者被误诊为神经纤维瘤病5例,1例被误诊为室管膜瘤.不典型神经鞘瘤位于髓内者3例,髓外硬膜下者14例,椎管内者14例,硬膜外者1例,椎管内及皮下者1例,髓外硬膜下及椎管内者1例;单发者有28例,多发者有6例;MRI快速自旋回波T1加权成像(T1WI)、快速自选回波T2加权成像(T2WI)信号多样,以T1低信号、T2高信号为主,增强扫描以不均匀明显强化为主,肿瘤可伴有囊变、出血.结论 不典型椎管内神经鞘瘤MRI影像学表现定性诊断困难,需全面综合分析并借助CT、脊髓血管造影等影像学手段,可帮助明确诊断.

Background Identification of treatment-specific predictors of drug therapies for bipolar disorder (BD) is important because only about half of individuals respond to any specific medication. However, medication response in pediatric BD is variable and not well predicted by clinical characteristics. Methods A total of 121 youth with early course BD (acute manic/mixed episode) were prospectively recruited and randomized to 6 weeks of double-blind treatment with quetiapine (n = 71) or lithium (n = 50). Participants completed structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline before treatment and 1 week after treatment initiation, and brain morphometric features were extracted for each individual based on MRI scans. Positive antimanic treatment response at week 6 was defined as an over 50% reduction of Young Mania Rating Scale scores from baseline. Two-stage deep learning prediction model was established to distinguish responders and non-responders based on different feature sets. Results Pre-treatment morphometry and morphometric changes occurring during the first week can both independently predict treatment outcome of quetiapine and lithium with balanced accuracy over 75% (all p < 0.05). Combining brain morphometry at baseline and week 1 allows prediction with the highest balanced accuracy (quetiapine: 83.2% and lithium: 83.5%). Predictions in the quetiapine and lithium group were found to be driven by different morphometric patterns. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that pre-treatment morphometric measures and acute brain morphometric changes can serve as medication response predictors in pediatric BD. Brain morphometric features may provide promising biomarkers for developing biologically-informed treatment outcome prediction and patient stratification tools for BD treatment development.

Objective To investigate abnormalities in topological properties in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with hippocampal sclerosis and their correlations with cognitive functions. Methods Thirty-eight patients with TLE and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this research and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examinations. Whole-brain functional networks of participants were constructed based on the fMRI data. Topological characteristics of the functional network were compared between patients with left and right TLE and HCs. Correlations between altered topological properties and cognitive measurements were explored. Results Compared with the HCs, patients with left TLE showed decreased clustering coefficient, global efficiency, and local efficiency (Eloc), and patients with right TLE showed decreased Eloc. We found altered nodal centralities in six regions related to the basal ganglia (BG) network or default mode network (DMN) in patients with left TLE and those in three regions related to reward/emotion network or ventral attention network in patients with right TLE. Patients with right TLE showed higher integration (reduced nodal shortest path length) in four regions related to the DMN and lower segregation (reduced nodal local efficiency and nodal clustering coefficient) in the right middle temporal gyrus. When comparing left TLE with right TLE, no significant differences were detected in global parameters, but the nodal centralities in the left parahippocampal gyrus and the left pallidum were decreased in left TLE. The Eloc and several nodal parameters were significantly correlated with memory functions, duration, national hospital seizure severity scale (NHS3), or antiseizure medications (ASMs) in patients with TLE. Conclusions The topological properties of whole-brain functional networks were disrupted in TLE. Networks of left TLE were characterized by lower efficiency; right TLE was preserved in global efficiency but disrupted in fault tolerance. Several nodes with abnormal topological centrality in the basal ganglia network beyond the epileptogenic focus in the left TLE were not found in the right TLE. Right TLE had some nodes with reduced shortest path length in regions of the DMN as compensation. These findings provide new insights into the effect of lateralization on TLE and help us to understand the cognitive impairment of patients with TLE.

3103 Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by elevated RAS-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling that causes tumors to grow along the nerves. There is currently no medical cure for adult patients (pts). Plexiform neurofibromas (PN) is present in 20-50% of NF1 pts and may cause serious complications. FCN-159 is a highly potent anti-tumorigenic agent that functions via selective inhibition of MEK1/2. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of FCN-159 in adult NF1 pts with PN. Methods: This was a multi-center, open-label, single-arm phase 1 dose-escalation (data have been published in ASCO 2022, abstract no. 3011) and phase 2 dose-expansion study. Participants with NF1-related PN that was not completely resectable or not suitable for surgery were enrolled in the study to receive FCN-159 monotherapy continuously on a 28-day cycles. Herein, we report the safety and clinical efficacy of adult participants in both phase 1 and phase 2. Results: As of November 21, 2022, 82 pts were enrolled, including 19 pts in phase 1 and 63 pts in phase 2. The median follow-up was 10.2 months (range 9.4-11.0 months) at the data cut-off. All pts received more than one dose of FCN-159 and 78 had at least one tumor assessment based on REiNS critiera. A total of 26 (33%) pts had achieved partial response (PR) as best response, 51 (65%) pts had stable disease (SD), and only one pt was not evaluable for not meeting the minimum SD requirement of at least 16 weeks. The overall response rate (ORR) was 31.7% (95% CI: 21.9-42.9%). After 6-8 cycles of treatment, 68.2% (15/22) of pts with definite tumor pain (NRS-11 score≥2 points) at baseline had a decrease in pain intensity of at least 2 points at C7/C9 assessment. Pain scores decreased by an average of 2.7 points across all 22 pts. A total of 82 (100%) pts experienced treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs). The most common TEAEs (≥ 20%) included folliculitis (69.5%), mouth ulcer (47.6%), diarrhea (41.5%), paronychia (41.5%), alopecia (32.9%), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (30.5%), elevated alkaline phosphatase (29.3%), tricuspid insufficiency (26.8%), and mitral insufficiency (26.8%). The most common grade ≥3 TEAEs were folliculitis (25.6%), paronychia (4.9%). There were no grade ≥ 4 treatment-related adverse events. One pt (1.2%) experienced a serious adverse event (duodenal ulcer) considered related to the study drug. 9.8% reported TEAEs leading to dose reductions, and 12.2% reported TEAEs leading to discontinuation. No death occurred during the study. Conclusions: Overall, FCN-159 has a manageable safety profile and demonstrated evidence of anti-tumor activity in the adult population with NF1-related PN. These promising findings warrant further investigation with long-time follow-up. Clinical trial information: NCT04954001 .

Objectives: To characterize the neuroanatomy of BD in youth and its correlation to clinical characteristics. Methods: The current study includes a sample of 105 unmedicated youth with first-episode BD, aged between 10.1 and 17.9 years, and 61 healthy comparison adolescents, aged between 10.1 and 17.7 years, who were matched for age, race, sex, socioeconomic status, intelligence quotient (IQ), and education level. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were obtained using a 4 T MRI scanner. Freesurfer (V6.0) was used to preprocess and parcellate the structural data, and 68 cortical and 12 subcortical regions were considered for statistical comparisons. The relationship between morphological deficits and clinical and demographic characteristics were evaluated using linear models. Results: Compared with healthy youth, youth with BD had decreased cortical thickness in frontal, parietal, and anterior cingulate regions. These youth also showed decreased gray matter volumes in 6 of the 12 subcortical regions examined including thalamus, putamen, amygdala and caudate. In further subgroup analyses, we found that youth with BD with comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or with psychotic symptoms had more significant deficits in subcortical gray matter volume. Limitations: We cannot provide information about the course of structural changes and impact of treatment and illness progression. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that youth with BD have significant neurostructural deficits in both cortical and subcortical regions mainly located in the regions related to emotion processing and regulation. Variability in clinical characteristics and comorbidities may contribute to the severity of anatomic alterations in this disorder.

Children and adolescents are more susceptible than adults to developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Pediatric PTSD is characterized by functional alterations in brain fear circuitry, but little is known about the underlying microstructural changes; previous work has mainly focused on the corpus callosum. This study is aimed at investigating brain-wide microstructural abnormalities in pediatric PTSD, their relationship to age and sex, and their potential diagnostic value. The microstructure of major white matter tracts was assessed from diffusion tensor images acquired from 24 treatment-naive non-comorbid PTSD patients <18 years and 24 trauma-exposed non-PTSD controls (TENP) matched for age, sex, and years of education. Statistical analyses included pointwise comparisons, correlations with symptom severity, and diagnosis-by-age/sex interactions; support vector machine analyses were conducted to determine whether microstructure distinguishes PTSD from TENP. Compared with TENP, pediatric PTSD patients showed higher fractional anisotropy and lower radial diffusivity in right superior longitudinal fasciculus and lower axial diffusivity in right uncinate fasciculus. These white matter microstructural abnormalities were highly correlated with PTSD symptom severity. No significant diagnosis by age or sex interaction was observed. The pointwise axial diffusivity measurements presented the best PTSD vs. TENP classification performance. In summary, pediatric PTSD patients showed clinically relevant microstructural abnormalities in uncinate and superior longitudinal fasciculus, which extend understanding of pediatric PTSD neurobiology beyond the corpus callosum and have diagnostic potential in distinguishing stressed individuals with and without PTSD.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of vessel-plasty using bone-filling mesh container (BFMC) for malignant severe compression fractures of cervical vertebra.Methods:This study prospectively recruited fifteen consecutive patients (eight men, seven women; mean age, 57.4 years) with severe malignant compression fractures of cervical vertebrae for vessel-plasty. Procedure duration, incidence of cement leakage and other complications, pain relief and improvement of neck function were analyzed. Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and function by the neck disability index (NDI), with scores recorded before the procedure and at 3 days and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure.Results:A total of 16 vertebrae were treated. All vertebrae had destruction of bone in more than one place as well as broken bone walls. Mean procedure duration was 42.9±13.6 minutes. Bone cement leakage occurred in two vertebrae without any symptoms. No procedure-related complications occurred. Mean VAS and NDI declined from 7.1 ± 1.4 and 63.6 ± 16.3, respectively, before the procedure to 3.5 ± 1.1 and 37.4 ± 11.0, respectively, at three days after the procedure (P < 0.01). CT images at three months after the procedure confirmed that there were no cases of refractures at the treated or adjacent levels, recurrence of vertebral collapse and mobilization of bone cement block.Conclusion:Vessel-plasty using BFMC appears to be effective and safe for malignant severe compression fractures in cervical vertebrae. It is effective in stabilizing vertebral body, relieving pain.

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for children (MBCT-C), as a psychotherapeutic intervention, has been shown to be effective for treating mood dysregulation (MD). While previous neuroimaging studies of MD have reported both pre-treatment structural and functional alterations, the effects of MBCT-C on brain morphological network organisation has not been investigated. We investigated brain morphological network organisation in 10 mood-dysregulated youth with familial risk for bipolar disorder and 15 matched healthy comparison youth (HC). Effects of 12 weeks of MBCT-C were examined in the mood-dysregulated youth. Topological properties of brain networks used for analyses were constructed based on morphological similarities in regional grey matter using a graph-theory approach using MRI data. At baseline, compared with the HC group, the mood-dysregulated group exhibited increased global efficiency ( E glob ), decreased path length ( L p ), and abnormal nodal properties, mainly in the limbic system. Right temporal pole alterations at baseline predicted change in Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure scores after treatment. The mood-dysregulated group showed significant decreases in both the E glob and L p metrics after MBCT-C, suggesting an improved capacity for optimal information processing. Changes in L p were correlated with changes in Emotion Regulation Checklist scores. Our results show significant topological alterations in the mood-dysregulated group as compared to controls at baseline. After MBCT-C, disrupted topological properties in the mood-dysregulated group were significantly reduced. MBCT-C may facilitate clinically meaningful changes in the brain structural network in mood-dysregulated individuals.

(1) Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) in young adults from a neurology clinic-based cohort (≤45 years old) via unenhanced brain MRI. (2) Methods: A total of 931 young adults from a neurology clinic-based cohort who underwent unenhanced brain MRI between 1 January 2021 and 30 June 2021 were retrospectively included in this study. The EPVS were rated in the centrum semiovale (CSO-EPVS), basal ganglia (BG-EPVS), and midbrain (MB-EPVS) using a visual rating scale. The degrees of the CSO-EPVS, BG-EPVS, and MB-EPVS were all divided by a cutoff value of 1. Demographic factors, vascular risk factors, and symptoms were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression to determine the risk factors of EPVS. (3) Results: The overall prevalence of EPVS was 99.8% (929/931). The CSO-EPVS, BG-EPVS, and MB-EPVS were predominantly scored as 1 (52.1%, 79.1%, and 58.3%, respectively). Logistic regression analysis identified age and hypertension as factors affecting the degrees of CSO-EPVS and BG-EPVS (p < 0.05). Hypertension (p < 0.001) and diabetes (p = 0.014) were revealed to be factors affecting the degree of BG-EPVS. Furthermore, patients with headache (OR = 1.807; p = 0.001) and dizziness (OR = 1.574; p = 0.025) were associated with MB-EPVS. (4) Conclusions: EPVS were frequently found in young adults and could be related to the symptoms. Age, hypertension, and diabetes were the risk factors for the severity of EPVS in the corresponding brain regions.