Camellia oleifera is one of the most important woody oil plants,which blooms from late autumn to winter.The study on pollination characteristics of Camellia oleifera is one of the keys to solve the low fruit rate.In this paper,pollen activity and viability,amount of pollen,nectar volume and sugar concentration,stigmas receptivity and pollen/ovule ratio(P/O) were studied.The results demonstrated that the highest pollen viability was 71.0%±0.056% after eight hours of flowering;rate of pollen fertility was 93.97%±1.62%(n=30);stigma receptivity reached the highest rate on the second day after flowering;nectar volume of each flower was 421.2±14.0 μL(n=30),with a sugar concentration of 29.12%±0.94%;P/O was 17675.08±302.11(n=20),which revealed that Camellia oleifera was obligate xenogamy.