Subtropical mountain ecosystems serve as dynamic interfaces between tropical and temperate biotas, hosting high biodiversity shaped by complex topography and stable historical climate. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the Lutou Experimental Forest in the northern Mulianjiu Mountains of central subtropical China, an area situated at a key tropical–temperate transition zone. A total of 1209 seed plant species belonging to 149 families and 595 genera were documented, showing a balanced composition of woody and herbaceous taxa as well as a coexistence of evergreen and deciduous species, typical of transitional floras. Floristic analyses demonstrated nearly equal proportions of tropical and temperate elements, complemented by exceptionally high proportions of East Asian endemic genera (18.13

Understanding the impact of climate change on the geographical distribution of species is a fundamental requirement for biodiversity conservation and resource management. Quercus oxyphylla, an evergreen oak endemic to China, plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological stability in subtropical regions and high economic value attributed to its dark and high-density heartwood, but the existing resources are close to endangered. Currently, limited knowledge exists regarding its distribution and potential influences of climate change on suitable areas. This study utilized 63 occurrence records and Biomod2 platform, to predict changes in suitable areas for Q. oxyphylla under future climate change. The results revealed that (1) Q. oxyphylla showed a pattern of three disjunctive geographical centers in the eastern subregion of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest region (IVA): Qinling-Daba Mountains, Nanling Mountains and Wuyi Mountains center. Currently, the highly suitable areas concentrated in two zones divided by the Yangtze River, that is, the northern subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest zone (IVAii) and the mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest zone (IVAi). (2) The temperature-related variables, such as annual temperature range (Bio7), the mean diurnal range (Bio2), and annual mean temperature (Bio1), were identified as the key determinants of the distribution pattern. Because of its considerable climatic variations in temperature and water conditions, Q. oxyphylla's habitat displayed a wider climate niche and strong physiological tolerance to climate change. (3) Under future climate scenarios, the suitable area of the species was expected to overall expand with significant regional differences. The suitable area in IVAi was expected to expand significantly northward while that in IVAii was expected to gradually shrink. To address the impact of climate change, it is necessary to develop conservation plans focused around the three distribution centers, implement localized and regional conservation policies, and conduct educational outreach among local people.

Harm from alien invasive plants is increasing in Jingzhou County, Hunan Province. Based on a one-year field investigation and available literature, we investigated species composition, origin, flora, degree of harm and distribution pattern of invasive plants in the county. The results showed that there were 34 invasive plant species from 27 genera and 16 families in this County. The dominant invasive species belonged to Asteraceae (8 species) and Amaranthaceae (6 species), which accounted for 23.5% and 17.7%, respectively. The majority of invasive plants originated from South America (45.7%) and North America (30.4%). Tropical flora showed a significantly higher representation than temperate flora, signifying robust tropical characteristics amongst the invasive plant population. Based on hazard level classification, we recognized four types as malicious invasion (Level 1): Alternanthera philoxeroides, Erigeron annuus, E. canadensis, and Xanthium chinense. In addition, five types were classified as severe invasion (Level 2), eight types as local invasion (Level 3), fifteen types as general invasion (Level 4), while two types were still under observation (Level 5). The pattern of distribution demonstrated that invasive plants in Jingzhou County mostly spread along the verges of transportation roads, in human settlements, and in a few areas of water flow. The higher levels of invasion damage were principally concentrated in the central part of Jingzhou County.

Cliff ecosystems are considered the ‘Last Unknown’ because cliffs may host ancient and unique species that are located in extremely hostile environments and are difficult to reach. However, comprehensive and systematic information and databases of cliff flora are unavailable; and obtaining information on these undisturbed ecosystems and cliff flora is fundamental and is of high priority for botanists. We present the first systematically sampled expert‐verified checklist of cliff flora from the ground to the top of cliffs in these harsh environments based on high‐resolution visible imagery captured with close‐range photogrammetry by a smart remote‐controlled unmanned aerial system (UAS). Using approximately 9200 records retrieved from high‐resolution images of 197 cliffs in the Wulingyuan global cultural heritage area, a mid‐subtropical region in China, we identified 267 vascular plant species, 140 genera and 58 families, excluding herbaceous plants. The maximum diversity was attributable to a few dominant families and genera, and most of the genera and families were represented by only a few species. Our findings highlight the unique floristic patterns as well as morphology on these cliffs that warrant further study and the potential for the use of a smart UAS to investigate cliff flora at large and global scales.

Aspidistra yuelushanensis, a new species of Asparagaceae is described and illustrated from typical hilly red soil region in Hunan Province, central southern China. This novelty is similar to A. chishuiensis by sharing purplish-red and campanulate perianth, but differs from the latter by its stamens inserted at the base (vs. inserted at the middle) of perianth tube, filaments spreading horizontally or slightly upward and enlarged (vs. sessile), perianth lobes slightly outcurved (vs. slightly incurved). It also resembles A. tenuifolia and A. pingfaensis, but differs from the latter two in its leave blade elliptic-lanceolate (vs. narrowly long to ribbon-shaped and linear, respectively), stigma 5 (vs. 7–8 and 8–9, respectively) mm in diameter. A key to the species of Aspidistra in Hunan province is provided.

报道了2个湖南省外来植物新记录属:银鱼草属(Kickxia Dumort.)和狮齿菊属(Leontodon L.),7个湖南省外来植物新记录种:戟叶凯氏草(Kickxia elatine(L.)Dumort.)、小叶大戟(Euphorbia makinoi Hayata)、南欧大戟(Euphorbia peplus L.)、敏感合萌(Aeschynomene americana L.)、三裂叶绿豆(Vigna radiata var.sublobata(Roxb.)Ver-dc.)、糙毛狮齿菊(Leontodon hispidus L.)和野莴苣(Lactuca serriola L.),分别介绍了他们的生物学特性,分析了他们的入侵性,并提出了相应的管控策略.

何为橡子?或许大多数人没见过实物.不过,相信很多人都看过美国动画电影《冰河世纪》,电影中有只长着爆眼和超长牙齿的“松鼠”Scrat,还有种让它痴心迷恋、拼命追求,即便引发山崩地裂、火山爆发也绝不松手的果实,那就是橡子.

植被为人类提供了赖以生存的环境和物质基础,认识植被是科学保护和可持续利用植被资源的重要前提.湖南省地处云贵高原向华东丘陵、平原的过渡地带,植被在组成和分布上具有显著的地域特色,但在全球变化背景下,关于"湖南植被现状如何?产生了哪些变化?植被类型及其分布格局是怎样的?"等问题尚不清楚.本文基于大量的野外调查、数据积累和文献信息,对湖南植被研究历史、现状植被类型、组成和分布格局等方面进行了综述.湖南植被研究经历了起始时期（1949年之前）、全面调查和描述时期（1949～1990年）和深入发展时期（1990年以后）.近40年来,湖南省森林覆盖率提高至59.82%,天然林得到了有效保护,低山、丘陵区和石漠化地区森林植被得到很好恢复,低山针叶林、毛竹林、暖性竹丛和中山灌丛面积大幅度增加,栽培植被格局亦发生了显著变化.本文在评述原有湖南植被分类系统的基础上,新拟了湖南植被分类系统:自然植被共4个植被型组、11个植被型、25个植被亚型、80个群系组、248个群系,栽培植被共2类、12型、21亚型、74林（园）.水平分布上,湖南植被的空间异质性显著,植被类型、物种组成和群落结构的南-北、东-西差异显著;森林主要分布于湘东、湘南和湘西的幕连九山脉、罗霄山脉、南岭山脉、雪峰山脉和武陵山脉,农田和湿地植被则以湘中和湘北的丘陵和平原区最为集中.垂直梯度上,湖南植被的垂直自然带不甚明显,大致可分为常绿阔叶林带、常绿落叶阔叶混交林带、落叶阔叶林和山顶矮林带,垂直带的数量和宽度在山体间的差异极大.同时,本文简要综述了湖南植被制图的进展和不足之处,并针对湖南植被研究的不足,展望了未来研究的方向和重点.

外来植物入侵对湿地生态系统的影响是生态学研究的重要议题,而关于库塘型湿地生态系统的研究却鲜有报道.本研究以湖南省平江市黄金河国家湿地公园为对象,基于5种土地利用类型共10条样线调查资料,对公园内外来植物的种类组成、区系特征和危害程度进行了研究.结果 表明:(1)公园内外来植物共17科37属46种,菊科(9种)和禾本科(7种)植物最为丰富,分别占总种数的19.57％和15.22％;生长型以一、二年生草本为主(33种),占总种数的71.74％.(2)原产地以南美洲和北美洲为主,说明美洲大陆起源的外来植物在公园内具备更好的适应能力.(3)区系组成上热带科属比例显著高于温带科属,表现出强烈的热带区系性质.(4)公园内共有42种外来植物形成入侵危害,前3级危害种(32种)占总种数的69.57％,其中大狼杷草、凤眼莲等5种植物已造成恶性入侵危害.(5)公园与同纬度范围内其他湿地(洞庭湖、南矶山和漩门湾)外来植物的主要原产地均为美洲,并以菊科植物和一年生草本最为优势;相互间种类组成相似性系数随距离增大而减小,与洞庭湖的相似性最高,并有32.61％(15种)的外来植物种类仅见于黄金河.悠久的人类干扰历史、多样的土地利用类型和复杂的生境特征是库塘型湿地外来植物组成和入侵危害的主要原因,建议采取严控人为引入途径和根据不同生境类型及时治理相结合的措施予以防控.

[目的]为了探究湖南省特有种子植物分布特征,为湖南特有种子植物的保护工作以及生物多样性的研究提供理论依据和数据基础.[方法]通过资料收集和考证,并结合近二十年的野外考察,整理了湖南特有种子植物名录及其地理分布情况,并将湖南特有种子植物县域尺度分布图与省内自然保护区分布图叠加,分析了科属特征、区系成分、分布特点及保护状况.[结果]湖南共有特有种子植物115种,隶属于36科64属,其中草本植物占多数(58.26％);含有5种及其以上的科有苦苣苔科、杜鹃花科、菊科、禾本科、毛茛科、荨麻科共6个科,属有报春苣苔属、杜鹃属、楼梯草属共3个属;属的区系成分表现为温带成分(48.44％)略多于热带成分(35.94％),亚热带地区过渡性质明显;省内特有种子植物主要集中分布于南部和西部地区,且保护区的分布范围和密度与特有种子植物的分布状况基本符合,多数特有种子植物可能得到了有效的保护.[结论]湖南特有种子植物种类较为丰富,植物区系成分复杂,具有亚热带地区的过渡性质,与湖南的地理位置及地形环境相符合;特有种子植物集中分布于南部和西部地区,中部、北部及东部地区未出现分布中心;多数特有种子植物因分布于保护区内可能得到了有效的保护,但还需要进一步的研究,以对其生存及保护状况做出评价,确定濒危等级.

A new species of Rubiaceae, Spiradiclis densa, is described and illustrated from southwestern China. It is similar to S. tomentosa, but differs in the elliptic or oblong leaf blades, distylous flowers and inner sides of corolla tube with dense pubescence near throat. The conservation status of the new species is preliminarily assessed as 'Vulnerable' according to IUCN categories and criteria.

通过野外调查与统计分析,龙湾国家湿地公园的湿地植被可划分为水生植被、沼生植被、沼泽化草甸植被和湿生木本植被4个植被型、11个群系组、44个群系,其中洲滩沼泽化草甸植被分布面积较大,永久性水生植被分布面积较小.通过对主要湿地植被群系结构研究分析,湿地公园的湿地植被群落主要由湿地草本植物组成,其湿地植被的外貌季节性变化明显.

Swertia hongquanii Jia X. Li, a new species of Gentianaceae, is described and illustrated from Mt. Wuling, southern China. It grows on the tops of steep limestone mountains surrounded by cliffs above an altitude of ca. 1400 m. This species resembles Swertia bimaculata, but differs from the latter by the stem leaf blades 2.0–4.5 × 1.0–2.5 cm, ovate to ovate-cordate, base cordate and subamplexicaul, the seeds irregularly polyhedral and the seed coats minutely thorny and reticulate. Based on morphological traits, i.e. the inflorescence structure and the number and structure of the nectaries, the new species may be a member of series Maculatae. A key to the species of series of section Maculatae Ophelia is provided.

在实地调查与查阅资料的基础上,对湖南溆浦思蒙国家湿地公园植物多样性及其植物区系进行分析评价.结果表明,公园内植物多样性较丰富,共有维管束植物185科591属1 008种,其中湿地植物79科231属305种,植物区系性质表现出明显的中亚热带向南亚热带过渡性;湿地植物区系主要由草本植物组成,季节性明显;河流湿地周边的山地,表现为典型丹霞地貌和石灰岩区干旱生境,分布有大量的耐旱植物类型.

云想衣裳花想容,大凡世界上的万物都是向往美丽的.作为大自然的美容师树木,当然也不例外.它们就像女人一样,一心追求着适合自己身材的漂亮衣裳——树皮.树皮听起来有点“俗”,不如我们就雅称它为树之裳吧.树木还穿漂亮衣裳?人们会情不自禁地对树之裳产生了好奇,带着好奇我们就来深入了解一下树之裳吧.

The diversity of plant species in 21 plots (5 000 km2) from Southern Hunan area was determined by calculating the indices of species diversity, richness, evenness, and dominance. Analysis included α and β di-versity analyses with the Simpson (S), Shannon-Wiener (SW), Cody (C), and Jaccard (J) Index. For rocky desert treatment and searching the regularities of growth and distribution of plant in rocky desert, applied with random quadrat sampling method and analysis by synthesis method. Results show there are overall presence of 63 families, 131 genera, and 173 species of vascular plants, 1 ) This included 15 families, 21 genera, and 24 species of trees; 34 families, 60 genera, and 74 species of shrubs; 32 families, 54 genera, and 63 species of herbs; 13 families, 22 genera, and 33 species of interlayer. 2 ) The α shows that rocky desert area with low species richness (S = 0.796 9-0.936 1, SW= 2.104 7-3.274 6) and a simple community structure with indi-vidual species having a relatively uniform distribution but a higher community diversity. Species composition for the tree layer was greatest in the potential rocky desert area (S = 3.274 6 and SW= 0.936 1). At the com-munity level, most of the trees were in the potential rocky desert. 3 ) The β showed that environmental differ-ences between different sample plot. The C Index revealed that, form light to severe desert area has different numbers species, the similarity coefficient of different rocky desert spot decreased. The J Index of different lev-el rocky shows the maximum is of 7.29 times to the minium. Conclusion which plants species are suitable in rocky desertification areas, contain the expansion trend of rocky desertification, improve the environment.

初步对湖南省桂花品种调查,发现6个新品种并对其进行描述,有4个存疑品种还有待近一步调查.

The vegetation of different stages of rocky desertification was studied in the central and the southern Hunan. The results show that, the flora in the central Hunan consists of 82 families, 128 genera, 144 species, the flora in the southern Hunan consists of 76 families, 116 genera, 143 species, of which arbor tree species were relatively less and community structure was single, herbaceous and shrub species were more abundant. Species richness index (S), Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index, Simpson index, ISI index, ICJ index increased at first and then decreased, the similarity of shrubs and herbaceous plant species were high at the moderate rocky desertification and mild rocky desertification, herb was most abundant in moderate rocky desertification period, shrub plants was the most abundant species in light rocky desertification, ISI index, ICJ index showed that, the species of shrubs and herbaceous plant had a major changes in the severe rocky desertification and mild rocky desertification later. Substitution rate of shrub increased rapidly in the later period of mild rocky desertification. The species of herbaceous plants decreased gradually and then increased, replacement rate was relatively higher in the period of severe rocky desertification and moderate rocky desertification and the period of mild rocky desertification and the potential rocky desertification.

报道了产自贵州赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区内的贵州省7种新记录植物,分别是狭冠长蒴苣苔(Didymocarpus stenanthos Clarke)、芒毛苣苔(Aeschynanthus acuminatus Wall.ex A.DC.)、石蜘蛛(Pinellia integri folia N.E.Brown)、网子度量草(Mitreola reticulata Tirela Roudet)、棒距虾脊兰(Calanthe clavata Lindl.)、金长莲(Staurogyne sichuanicaH.S.Lo)和石萝藦(Pentasacme championii Benth.),其中叉柱花属(Staurogyne Wall.)和石萝蓐属(Pentasacme Wall.ex Wight)为贵州省新记录属,凭证标本均保存在中南林业科技大学植物标本室(CSFI).这些植物新的地理分布对于贵州北部植物区系和丹霞地貌植被研究均有重要意义.