Efficient oil-water separation under complex conditions requires the coordinated design of pore structure, interfacial wettability, and transport behavior. In this study, a parameterized superwetting porous structure was fabricated by stereolithography-based 3D printing, enabling a transition from empirical fabrication toward structure-guided design. Three representative topologies, including honeycomb, BCC + FCC, and TPMS-based G-sheet structures, were systematically compared at a similar porosity (similar to 70%). Among them, the G-sheet structure achieved the best balance between specific surface area (30.2 mm(-1)) and mechanical stability, maintaining a retention ratio above 0.92 under 20-40% compressive strain. The printed structures exhibited high dimensional fidelity, with measured pore (similar to 218 mu m) and throat (similar to 81 mu m) sizes closely matching the design values. Increasing pore size from 150 to 370 mu m enhanced the flux from 286 to 784 mL & centerdot;min(-1) but weakened interfacial confinement. A pore size range of 200-300 mu m provided the most balanced transport and separation performance under the investigated conditions. A stable superhydrophobic interface was constructed using a PDMS/SiO2/FDTS hybrid modification strategy, resulting in a water contact angle of 157.7 degrees +/- 1.5 degrees. XPS characterization confirmed successful fluorinated surface functionalization of the porous framework. The optimized G-sheet structure achieved separation efficiencies above 95% for all tested oils. For low-viscosity organic solvents, the maximum flux reached 4.15 & times; 10(4) L & centerdot;m(-2)& centerdot;h(-1). Experimental observations and CFD simulations suggest that droplet interception, retention, collision, coalescence, and progressive blocking collectively contribute to the observed separation behavior within the interconnected TPMS framework. This work provides qualitative mechanistic insight into the interplay among structure, interface, and transport behavior and offers a rational design perspective for the development of high-performance oil-water separation materials under complex operating conditions.

Global food security is a critical issue, necessitating greater attention to the relationship between agricultural productivity and the ecological environment. Super-wetting materials, with their unique micro-rough structures and low surface energy, hold significant potential for addressing challenges in agricultural engineering. This review explores the research landscape of super-wetting materials by analyzing their temporal distribution, institutional and scholarly contributions, co-occurrence networks, and emerging keywords. These analyses reveal the research strengths, hotspot distributions, evolving concepts, and development trends in the field. Additionally, recent advances in the application of super-wetting materials in agricultural engineering—such as agricultural films, controlled-release fertilizers, and pesticide spraying—are highlighted. In the future, super-wetting materials and their research prospects in agricultural engineering are proposed in combination with the development trend, which provides support and inspiration for cultivating and developing new quality productive forces in agriculture and promoting sustainable agricultural development.

A novel design method of monolithic integrated interface circuit with quadrature error correction for micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) dual-mass vibratory gyroscope is proposed in this article. The source and effect of quadrature error of MEMS gyroscope are analyzed. The gyroscope system-level model is established, the gyroscope system with quadrature error correction is simulated by the system-level model, and the quadrature loop system stability and bandwidth are analyzed. The interface application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip with quadrature error correction has an area of 4.3 mm × 4.3 mm and a power consumption of 90 mW. After adding coupling stiffness correction circuit, the scale factor of the gyroscope is changed from 43 mV/◦/s to 40 mV/◦/s, the nonlinearity is reduced from 1326.7 ppm to 150.6 ppm, the angular random walk (ARW) is reduced from 0.25◦/√h to 0.028◦/√h, and the bias instability (BI) is reduced from 3.25◦/h to 0.29◦/h. Through comparison tests, the integrated interface ASIC chip with quadrature correction function has better performance. This monolithic integrated interface circuit can provide a highly integrated circuit design solution for MEMS vibration gyroscope’s broad application.

In recent years, the application and fabrication technologies of superwetting materials in the field of oil-water separation have become a research hotspot, aiming to address challenges in marine oil spill response and oily wastewater treatment. Simultaneously, the fabrication technologies and related applications of superwetting materials have been increasingly diversified. This paper systematically reviews the sources and hazards of oily wastewater and oil-water emulsions, several traditional oil-water separation methods, and their limitations, thereby highlighting the advantages of superwetting materials. Additionally, this paper provides an overview of the fundamental theories of wetting and conducts a microanalysis of the penetration mechanism based on Laplace pressure at the gas-liquid-solid three-phase interface. Following this, the latest advances in superwetting oil-water separation materials are elucidated, focusing on five categories: (i) superhydrophobic-superoleophilic materials; (ii) superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic materials; (iii) superhydrophobic-superoleophobic materials; (iv) "special" superwetting materials; and (v) smart switchable superwetting materials. This paper innovatively discusses these materials from the perspectives of two-dimensional and three-dimensional materials, deeply studying the mechanisms of oil-water separation and using data to quantify the separation efficiency. Comparative discussions are conducted on the materials from various dimensions, including different substrates, innovations in existing technologies, and fabrication methods as discussed in various articles, followed by corresponding summaries. Finally, the existing shortcomings and challenges of current superwetting materials are summarized, and prospects are proposed. We firmly believe that developing low-cost, stable, environmentally friendly, and practical large-scale superwetting oil-water separation materials will have broad application prospects and potential in the future.

The primary barrier to the widespread use of super-wetting materials is the surface's limited resistance to physical damage, which leads to poor mechanical qualities. In this study, framework-reinforced orderly-woven superhydrophobic metal spiral coil-carbon fibers composites (SMSC-CFsC) with a durable uniform microstructure were prepared by nested carbon fibers into metal spiral coils cleverly and woven them into a threedimensional porous material innovatively. The separation purity of the prepared metal-carbon composites on several commonly used industrial lubricating oil emulsions was better than 99.90 % and the flux was greater than 1000 L/m2h. More significantly, computational fluid dynamics was used to establish a simulation model for emulsion separation that revealed the real-time dynamic motion trajectory and volume changes of water droplets. Additionally, even after high-temperature, compression, wear, and corrosion experiments, it still showed dependable separation purity and stable flux. As a result, it has been demonstrated that the proposed metal-carbon composite has a long oil-water separation service life in harsh environments and has great potential for developing efficient and durable emulsion separation materials.

Zero bias and scale factor are important overall performance indicators for micromechanical gyroscopes and are commonly used to describe the temperature stability of MEMS gyroscope. This article presents a mode-matched MEMS gyroscope interface Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) with on-chip temperature compensation, which improves the temperature adaptability of the gyroscope by means of temperature compensation. By establishing a mathematical model between the equivalent integration constant of the driving loop and the temperature, the relationship between the phase margin of driving loop and temperature is analyzed. The effect of sense loop control parameters on the bandwidth of the gyroscope system is investigated, and the influence law between bandwidth and loop gain of the sense circuit is verified. A temperature compensation method based on an on-chip virtual temperature sensor is presented, and the design principle with an on-chip temperature compensation interface ASIC is described. The experimental results show that the standard deviation of scale factor in the temperature range of -40 to 60 degrees C is reduced to 11.2% of that before compensation, and the standard deviation of the zero bias is reduced to 2.5%. The zero bias instability of the gyroscope is reduced from 4.6 to 1.9 degrees /h of that before compensation.

Energy recovery and reuse, industrial waste heat, and thermal energy recovery and conversion in emerging electronic devices are topics of widespread interest. Flexible composite thermoelectric (TE) films have become the key to TE conversion, and many studies and synthesis methods related to them have made great progress. However, little research has been performed on the corresponding composites of typical TE materials with low-dimensional nanotubular materials, particularly modulation of the overall TE properties using doped low-dimensional nanotubular materials. In this work, high-quality bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanowires and boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) were prepared using electrolytic deposition and high-temperature catalytic deposition, respectively. Bi2Te3-BNNTs composite films were prepared using a solvent hot pressing method. The Bi2Te3-BNNTs composite film conductivity reached 179.6 S/cm at room temperature (300 K), the corresponding Seebeck coefficient was 171.4 μV/K, and the power factor (PF) was 52.8 nW/mK2. Carbon doping of BNNTs resulted in carbon-boron nitride nanotubes (BCNNTs), and Bi2Te3-BNNTs composite films were prepared. The Bi2Te3-BCNNTs composite films obtained a conductivity of 4629.6 S/cm, at room temperature (300 K), a corresponding Seebeck coefficient of 181.2 μV/K, and a PF of 1520.0 nW/mK2. This study has important reference value for the application of TE conversion. Moreover, the electrical conductivity decreased by no more than 10% after 400 cycles of bending tests, and the electrical conductivity showed signs of recovery after repressing thermally, which undoubtedly proves that Bi2Te3-BCNNTs composite films have good flexibility and thermal stability, and this has contributed to the application and promotion of flexible thermoelectric materials.

This paper proposes a low-noise interface application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) disk resonator gyroscope (DRG) which operates in force-to-rebalance (FTR) mode. The ASIC employs an analog closed-loop control scheme which incorporates a self-excited drive loop, a rate loop and a quadrature loop. A ΣΔ modulator and a digital filter are also contained in the design to digitize the analog output besides the control loops. The clocks for the modulator and digital circuits are both generated by the self-clocking circuit, which avoids the requirement of additional quartz crystal. A system-level noise model is established to determine the contribution of each noise source in order to reduce the noise at the output. A noise optimization solution suitable for chip integration is proposed based on system-level analysis, which can effectively avoid the effects of the 1/f noise of the PI amplifier and the white noise of the feedback element. A performance of 0.0075°/√h angle random walk (ARW) and 0.038°/h bias instability (BI) is achieved using the proposed noise optimization method. The ASIC is fabricated in a 0.35 μm process with a die area of 4.4 mm × 4.5 mm and power consumption of 50 mW.

This paper introduces a digital interface application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) vibratory gyroscope. The driving circuit of the interface ASIC uses an automatic gain circuit (AGC) module instead of a phase-locked loop to realize a self-excited vibration, which gives the gyroscope system good robustness. In order to realize the co-simulation of the mechanically sensitive structure and interface circuit of the gyroscope, the equivalent electrical model analysis and modeling of the mechanically sensitive structure of the gyro are carried out by Verilog-A. According to the design scheme of the MEMS gyroscope interface circuit, a system-level simulation model including mechanically sensitive structure and measurement and control circuit is established by SIMULINK. A digital-to-analog converter (ADC) is designed for the digital processing and temperature compensation of the angular velocity in the MEMS gyroscope digital circuit system. Using the positive and negative diode temperature characteristics, the function of the on-chip temperature sensor is realized, and the temperature compensation and zero bias correction are carried out simultaneously. The MEMS interface ASIC is designed using a standard 0.18 μM CMOS BCD process. The experimental results show that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of sigma-delta (ΣΔ) ADC is 111.56 dB. The nonlinearity of the MEMS gyroscope system is 0.03% over the full-scale range.

The rapid depletion of traditional non-renewable fossil fuels has increased energy sustainability threats. Methanol is recognized as one of the viable alternatives to conventional fossil fuels mainly due to its high energy density and abundant raw materials. Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) can convert the chemical energy of methanol into electricity in real time, which is one of the most effective ways to utilize methanol energy. However, DMFCs have undesirable performance, such as low fuel utilization, low cell voltage, and unstable output voltage, hindering the development of methanol energy technology. Herein, we design an energy storage system with high methanol energy efficiency based on passive micro DMFCs. This system with low power consumption (only uW scale) can extract the high chemical energy in methanol, efficiently convert it into electric energy, and store it to output a stable voltage for load. Moreover, application research on this system has been carried out. A self-powered methanol concentration sensor is designed and implemented on a printed circuit board. It can detect methanol solution with a concentration of 3 M–12 M, only requiring it to be tested as fuel without an additional power supply. The sensor has about 1.1 mW total power consumption and 0.34 s response time. This study on the energy conversion and storage of sustainable methanol fuel aims to provide a reference to explore the application of renewable energy.

Boron Nitride Aerogels/PEDOT: PSS composite film with good thermoelectric properties were prepared by a simple preparation process. Boron nitride aerogels with a width of less than 1 μm and thickness of approximately 15 nm were prepared by a combination of freeze-drying and high-temperature tubular furnace heating. Then, boron nitride aerogels material was impregnated in a certain amount of 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene monomer polymer: polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) solution by ultrasonic vibration and magnetic stirring to produce a composite film. The output voltage of the flexible Boron Nitride Aerogels/PEDOT: PSS/Au piezoelectric sensor increases with an increase in the bending angle. When the bending angle is greater than 90°, the output voltage reaches 4.03 V. For the sake of broaden the application prospect of nanocomposite films, flexible wearable thermoelectric devices were prepared. Using the human body as a heat source, the output voltage of flexible thin-film thermoelectric devices can reach 233.6 mV. According to the formula calculation, the Seebeck coefficient is 18.54 mV/K and the thermoelectric power factor is 28.86 μW/mK2. With improvements in the energy collection capacity of wearable energy devices, we believe that more work will be done in the future to realize the coordinated development of functionality, comfort and health on the basis of improving energy conversion efficiency.

Boron nitride (BN) aerogels materials have low density characteristics and stable three-dimensional network structure, which can be used as high thermal conductivity ultralight materials or thermal conductive polymer additives. The hexagonal boron nitride nanoribbons (BNNRs) aerogels material not only has a three-dimensional network structure with high specific surface area, but also has a two-dimensional band structure. It has ultra-low thermal conductivity along the in-plane direction, and has ultra-high aspect ratio and electrical insulation energy. However, the research on the thermoelectric properties of BN Aerogels and its composites is still blank. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the research on BN Aerogels, its thermoelectric composites, thermoelectric properties and the design of thermoelectric devices. In this paper, BN Aerogels were prepared by the combination of freeze-drying and high temperature thermal annealing, and the effects of 2-methyl-2-propanol (TBA) modification on the yield and quality of BN Aerogels were investigated. The experimental results show that TBA greatly reduces the width and thickness of BNNRs in BN Aerogels, and increases the aspect ratio of BNNRs. The composite thermoelectric particles were prepared by hot pressing to combine BN Aerogels and Bi2Te3 and the influence of the doping concentration of BN Aerogels on the thermoelectric parameters such as Seebeck coefficient and power factor of the thermoelectric battery was studied. The experimental results reveal that when the concentration of BN Aerogels is 1.48 wt%, the ZT value of BN Aerogels/p-Bi2Te3 composite thermoelectric particles is 0.719, while when the doping concentration of BN Aerogels is 1.96 wt%, the ZT value of BN Aerogels/n-Bi2Te3 composite thermoelectric particles is 0.577. And the TBA modified BN Aerogels/Bi2Te3 composite thermoelectric particles show that when the TBA doping concentration is 19.35 wt%, the ZT value of the TBA modified BN Aerogels/p-Bi2Te3 composite thermoelectric particles can reach 0.87, which is higher than that of BN aerogels/p-Bi2Te3 thermoelectric particles, and also much higher than that of the intrinsic p-Bi2Te3 thermoelectric particles. When the TBA doping concentration is 28.57 wt%, the ZT value of the BN Aerogels/n-Bi2Te3composite thermoelectric particles modified by TBA can reach 0.623, which is also higher than that of the BN aerogels/n-Bi2Te3 thermoelectric particles, and also much higher than that of the intrinsic n-Bi2Te3 thermoelectric particles. And based on the self-prepared TBA modified BN Aerogels/Bi2Te3 composite thermoelectric particles, the TEG thermoelectric battery was designed and manufactured. The Seebeck coefficient of the TEG thermoelectric battery can be reached 886.08 μV/K, the conductivity can be reached 9.74 × 104 S/m, and the thermoelectric power factor and power density are 7.65 × 104 μW/mK2 and 14.49 μW/cm3, respectively. This system reduces the need for physical space by using a common framework, which is conducive to the application of thermoelectric power generation technology in micro and small fields.

Superhydrophobic materials have been extensively investigated for their ability to separate oil/water mixtures, but their fragile durability has limited further development in this field. In this study, a durable superhydrophobic wire-cotton-based material (SWCM) was prepared by weaving metal wire and cotton fiber and modifying it with a mixed poly(vinyl phenol) (PVPh)/1,3-phenylene bisoxazoline (PBO) solution, which exhibits both macro-frame and micro-aperture. The SWCM demonstrates remarkable separation efficiency (greater than99.98 %) for a variety of water-in-oil emulsions using only gravity drive. More importantly, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to investigate the separation mechanism of SWCM, revealing dynamic trajectory and volume changes of water droplets in real-time. Moreover, the micro-aperture, protected by the macro-frame, can withstand hundreds of impacts and abrasions and still maintain reliable separation efficiency. Under the encapsulation of micro-apertures, the macro-frame exhibits excellent corrosion resistance and can maintain stable superhydrophobicity even after long-term immersion in different harsh solutions. Due to its excellent durability, the SWCM can maintain a long service life in oil-water separation in complex environments. Therefore, the presented SWCM has great potential in the development of durable and efficient materials for emulsion separation.

Mass transport behaviors in passive micro direct methanol fuel cells (μDMFCs), including methanol mass transport at the anode and gas-liquid two-phase mass transport at the cathode, are essential during the actual working process. However, these mass transport behaviors also face serious problems, such as methanol crossover mass transport and gas-liquid two-phase mass transport obstruction, which significantly reduces the performance of passive μDMFCs, restricting their application greatly. Herein, we propose an improved multi-substance mass transport mechanism dominated by water mass transport. The proposed mechanism is established by constructing a hydrophilic mass transport layer (MTL). Theoretical analysis shows that mass transfer behaviors under the proposed mechanism are better than those under the conventional one, thus improving cell performance. Based on this, the proposed mechanism is applied to passive μDMFCs in real scenes by preparing hybrid nanomaterials to construct the MTL. As a result, the performance of novel μDMFCs with the proposed mechanism is greatly improved. The power density of the novel μDMFCs reaches nearly two times that of conventional ones, and the energy density reaches about 6.2 times under high-concentration methanol fuel. The comprehensive study on the mass transport mechanism of passive μDMFCs aims to provide theoretical reference and practical experience for promoting their wide application.

This paper presents a fourth-order sigma-delta (ΣΔ) ADC applied to a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope system. First, a system-level model of ΣΔ modulator containing non-ideal factors is established, and the optimal system performance of the ΣΔ modulator is determined by optimizing the feedforward path and the feedback coefficient of the feedback path. Then, the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with chopping technique and clock timing to control bias current in the first stage integrator of the circuit design is able to reduce not only the flicker noise of the modulator, but also reduce the system power consumption. Third, the design of other essential circuit modules is presented, and the circuit performance meets the requirements and low-power consumption is achieved. The designed ΣΔ ADC uses a 0.18 μm CMOS BCD process, with a ΣΔ modulator area of 0.64 mm 2 and a digital filter area of 2.03 mm 2 . When the sampling frequency is 2 MHz and the signal bandwidth is 7.8 kHz, the experimental measurement results show that the proposed ΣΔ modulator with the fourth-order CIFF structure can achieve a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 66.3 dB and an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 10.07 bits, with a dynamic range (DR) of 89 dB and a power consumption of 9 mW. The SNR of ΣΔ ADC after filtering is 63 dB, which meets the requirements of high DR and low-power consumption of MEMS digital gyroscope sensors.

Performance of a RHBD LDO is verified by experiments. According to the experimental results of LDOs, a novel SET sensitive mechanism of compensation MOS capacitor is found and the mitigation method is proposed.

In recent years, the thermoelectric properties of one-dimensional boron nitride nanomaterials have gradually attracted widespread attention of researchers in the world. In this paper, boron carbon nitrogen based composite nanofiber films were prepared by electrospinning. It is found that the diameter of nanofibers decreases in BCNNTs/PVA/PEDOT composite films when electrospinning voltage rises, while diameter increases as PVA and BCNNTs concentration increase of electrospinning precursor solution. Finally, thermoelectric power factor is investigated of the composite nanofiber films. It is verified that thermoelectric properties of the films closely related to electrospinning quality. However, fiber density of single-layer BCNNTs/PVA/PEDOT nanofiber film is too low, folding increase the density and thickness of multilayer BCNNTs/PVA/PEDOT nanocomposite fiber films, and the thermoelectric characteristics are significantly improved. The Seebeck coefficient can reach 3.62 mV/K and the power factor is 29.09 nW/mK(2).

In this paper, a novel digital closed-loop interface circuit system of MEMS vibrating gyroscope is proposed, which includes driving, detection and quadrature circuits. Because of the high sensitivity and precision of the MEMS gyroscope, the interface circuit system is established under the condition of mode separation. The driving circuit of MEMS gyroscope adopts digital automatic gain control (AGC) to realize self-excitation closed-loop control, which makes the gyroscope system simple in structure and good in robustness. First, the working principle of the gyroscope’s sensitive structure is introduced and the system simulation model of the sensitive structure is developed. Second, a [Formula: see text] ADC and DAC with single-bit output are designed and the feasibility of the driving circuit design is verified by the system-level model. Third, the quadrature closed-loop correction circuit is designed to reduce the coupling of the quadrature component to the gyroscope detection circuit. The simulation results show that the quadrature correction loop can effectively reduce the influence of the quadrature coupling on the detection loop of MEMS gyroscope. Finally, the system-level model of the gyroscope is established by SIMULINK, the overall system performance of the gyroscope is analyzed, and the test system of MEMS gyroscope is built by field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The experiment verifies the feasibility of the digital interface circuit design, and the zero-bias instability of the gyroscope system is 1.0∘/h.

In this paper, a novel low dimensional boron nitride nanoribbons (BNNRs) aerogels were successfully developed by a cost-effective, catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition using Boric acid and Melamine as the B and N sources. The obtained BNNRs aerogels were possessed porous structure (average pore diameter: 2 nm) and the width of a single nanoribbon was approximately 200 nm and large aspect ratio more than 50 times and the BET surface area of 530 m2/g approximately. Attractively, BNNRs aerogels exhibited an excellent adsorption capacity for both PEDOT: PSS (3, 4-ethylenedioxyethiophene: polystyrene sulfonate) (6020 mg/g) and mustard seed oil (5010 mg/g). The adsorbed BNNRs aerogels can be cleaned and reused by burning them in the air and they create favorable conditions for recycling. After comparison, our experimental study found that after two test cycles, the adsorption ratio of BNNRs aerogels to mustard seed oil was 261.28%, which was only 6.97% less than that of the first adsorption with 280.87%. After the 4 combustion-adsorption cycles, the aerogels also maintained a 105.53% adsorption ratio, which confirmed the ability of BNNRs aerogels to adsorb oil. Therefore, BNNRs aerogels material is a promising nanomaterial for environmental remediation and selective water purification and treatment.

The wavelet scattering convolution network (SCN) have recently developed as a kind of effective feature extractor, which has achieved a great performance in signal and image processing applications. Unfortunately, as feature extractor, SCN is not appropriate to mimic the visual system of mammals in image classification tasks, so that STFT-based time-frequency scattering convolution network (TFSCN) is proposed. However, TFSCN is limited by a major drawback: it is only available for stationary signals’analysis but not for non-stationary ones, since STFT can viewed as linear translation-invariant filters in the FT domain intrinsically. The aim of this paper is to overcome this weakness using the short-time fractional fourier transform (STFRFT) which is a bank of linear translation-variant bandpass filters and thus may be used for non-stationary signal analysis. First, We present the fractional time-frequency scattering transform based upon the STFRFT. Then a generalization of TFSCN’s structure dubbed FRTFSCN is illustrated. The significant performance of FRTFSCN are shown via experiment simulations.