[目的]研究不同硒肥施用模式对马铃薯产量、富硒效果及品质的影响,为南方冬种马铃薯标准化富硒栽培技术提供参考.[方法]采用大田试验,以雪川3号马铃薯种薯为研究对象,以6000 kg/ha普通有机肥配施1500 kg/ha复合肥作基肥为对照,设8个不同配比的富硒高钙型有机肥、复合肥和氨基酸螯合硒叶面肥处理组,成熟期测定不同处理的马铃薯产量、硒含量及品质性状指标,并进行成本和效益核算.[结果]施用富硒高钙型有机肥和氨基酸螯合硒叶面肥均可不同程度地提高马铃薯产量和块茎硒含量,且喷施氨基酸螯合硒叶面肥的富硒效果优于施用富硒高钙型有机肥,但马铃薯产量和块茎硒含量未与硒肥用量成正比,以6000 kg/ha富硒高钙型有机肥+1500 kg/ha复合肥+6000 mL/ha氨基酸螯合硒叶面肥配施处理的马铃薯总产量最高(41.08 t/ha),同时其块茎硒含量也相对较高.喷施硒肥对提高马铃薯块茎淀粉、蛋白质及维生素C含量均有一定的促进作用,对还原糖含量的影响不显著(P>0.05).相关分析结果表明,马铃薯块茎硒含量与蛋白质和维生素C含量及干物质量呈显著(P<0.05,下同)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关,与还原糖含量呈显著负相关.与对照相比,施用富硒高钙型有机肥和氨基酸螯合硒叶面肥处理均有可观的经济效益,并以6000 kg/ha富硒高钙型有机肥+1500 kg/ha复合肥+6000 mL/ha氨基酸螯合硒叶面肥配施处理的种植效益最高,达119052.0元/ha.[结论]施用富硒高钙型有机肥和氨基酸螯合硒叶面肥对提高马铃薯块茎硒含量及淀粉、蛋白质和维生素C含量等均有一定的促进作用.以6000 kg/ha富硒高钙型有机肥+1500 kg/ha复合肥作底肥,膨大期喷施6000 mL/ha氨基酸螯合硒叶面肥的施肥方式相对较优,可兼顾马铃薯产量和品质,且符合广西地方富硒农产品硒含量分类要求.

Taking Holland 15 as the test material,we studied the effects of different application rates and proportions of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on the plant growth characteristics and yield of winter potato which was cultivated by black film interlayer covering.The results showed that different application rates and proportions of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer had no effects on seedling emergence speed,eventual seedling rate,and total number of leaves.However,the plant height increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate,while decreased with the increase of K2O application rate.When the application rate of K2O increased,the diameter of main stem showed a rising trend.When the application rate of nitrogen was below 225 kg/hm2,the yield of potato increased with the increase of potassium fertilizer application rate.When the application rate of nitrogen reached 300 kg/hm2,the yield of potato decreased with the increase of potassium fertilizer application rate.These results showed that the fertilization quantity should not be higher than N 300 kg/hm2+K2O 150 kg/hm2.The highest yield was obtained when N 225 kg/hm2+K2O 450 kg/hm2 were applied.

6 demonstration bases for the models of cassava intercropped or interplant were built in Wuming County,Guangxi Province,P.R.China in 2009.the analytical results of yield and benefit showed that: compare with single cassava model(CK),water melon,pumpkin,muskmelon or hair melon interplant cassava,and cassava intercropped peanut or soybean improved 6.1%-25.2% cassava fresh root yield than CK;1.6-4.2 times total income of CK;1.7-4.9 times net income of CK.Interplant model of melon were high benefit than the intercropped model of peanut or soybean.Above model were 16 800 hm2 planted area and occupied 60% in whole Wuming county in 2009.

This article summarized the high-yielding and high-benefit cultivation model of cassava which was interplanted by water melon or pumpkin,based on many years' practice and exploration in Wuming county of Guangxi.The economic benefit of interplanting water melon and cassava was 210% higher than that of only planting cassava,and the economic benefit of interplanting pumpkin and cassava was 160% higher than that of only planting cassava.