MBR主要由活性污泥反应器和横流膜组件组成,二者之间采用创新的结构.结果表明,横流膜组件和低循环流量具有能耗低、抗膜污染能力强等优点.整个系统的总能耗测试为1.97±0.74 kW·h/m3(渗透),采用净化水定期反冲洗和混合液每日反冲洗,与淹没式膜生物反应器相同,能耗为2.4 kW·h/m3(渗透).系统能耗分析表明,膜组件比泵、曝气、管道系统和污泥回流速度损失四部分能耗高,占总能耗的37.66-52.20％.该系统的出水可满足中国灰水回用的要求,具有广阔的应用前景.

医院废水污染物包括残留药品和微生物污染两大类,膜生物反应器(MBR)技术与现有的废水处理系统相比,提供了一种更有效的去除医院废水中污染成分的工艺方法.MBR可以有效地节省消毒剂消耗(氯添加量可以降低到1毫克/升),缩短反应时间(大约1.5分钟),微生物灭活效果好.低剂量消毒剂和较少的消毒副产物(DBPs)对MBR出水具有较高的消毒效果出水COD<25 mg/l,氨氮<1.5 mg/L,浊度<3 ntu,对COD、NH4+-N和浊度的去除率分别为80％、93％和83％.大肠杆菌去除率达98％以上.

Nano-ZnO has attached much attention in photocatalytic degradation of water pollution due to the simple operation, wide application, no secondary pollution and environmentally friendly.The mechanism of photocatalytic degradation was introduced, and the importance of surface modifications were expounded such as morphologies regulation, element doping and material composites.According to recent study, appropriate surface have significant effects on improving the stability and dispersibility of nano-ZnO, increasing the specific surface area, broadening the range of photo-response, accelerating the separation of photogenerated electron hole pairs, realizing effective recovery of catalyst and recycling using.It provided reference for the optimization of photocatalytic performance of nano-ZnO.

The form of mercury in medicines of minorities,such as cinnabar,vermilion and Zuo Tai,and the security after the rational processing become the research focus.The author summarized recent literatures both domestic and abroad,and reviewed the form and detection technologies of mercury in medicines of minorities,to provide some new ideas for pharmacological and toxicology research of medicines of minorities containing mercury.

Objective To develop a fast analytical method for determining the multiple components in the percolation of Fufang Kushen Injection with near infrared transflective spectroscopy.Methods The contents of oxysophocarpine and oxymalrine by HPLC,total sugar by phenol-sulfuric acid method,and total solids by baking method were used as reference values.Multivariate calibration models based on PLS algorithm were developed to correlate the near infrared spectroscopy and the corresponding values,and the unknown samples were quantitively determined.Results The root mean square errors of cross-validation in calibration model for oxysophocarpine,oxymalrine,total sugar,and total solids were 43.5,135.4,1 255.7 mg/L,and 150.7 mg/mL,respectively,and the correlation coefficients were 0.926 6,0.954 6,0.953 9,and 0.974 1,respectively.External validation with external samples indicated that the root mean square errors of prediction were 32.5,191.7,1 461.9 mg/L,and 164.0 mg/mL,respectively.Conclusion The presented method is fast,accurate,and reliable,which could be used as a process analyzing method for the percolation process of Chinese materia medica.

Objective:To develop a rapid determination method for the quality control of the intermediates of compound Kushen injection based on NIRS(near infrared spectroscopy).Methods:After the comparison of different spectra collective modes(transmission and transflective) and optimization of the calibration parameters,multivariate calibration models based on PLS(partial least squares) algorithm were developed to correlate the transmission spectra and the reference values measured with standard method.Result:The root mean square errors of prediction(RMSEPs) of matrine,sophocarpine,oxysophocarpine and oxymatrine in the ethanol precipitate solution were 0.131 g·L-1,0.0279 g·L-1,0.170 g·L-1,and 0.613 g· L-1,respectively,while the RMSEPs of the alkali-precipitate solution calibration models were 0.0723 g·L-1,0.0155 g·L-1,0.0768 g·L-1,and 0.220 g·L-1,respectively.Conclusion:The established method is fast,accurate and reliable,which can be used as a rapid analysis method for the compound Kushen injection intermediates.

Objective:To establish an ion-pair RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of matrine,sophocarpine,oxysophocarpine and oxymatrine contents in compound Kushen injection.Methods:The chromatographic separation was carried out with a Diamonsil C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0 μm).The mobile phase was composed of solvent A(0.04%phosphoric acid and 10 mmol·L-1 sodium pentanesulfonate in water) and solvent B(acetonitrile) with linear gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.2 mL·min-1.The column temperature was 30 ℃.The detection wavelength was 210 nm.Results:The calibration curves had good linear for matrine,sophocarpine,oxysophocarpine,and oxymatrine in the range of 18.92-946.0 mg·L-1,4.052-202.6 mg·L-1,9.293-464.6 mg·L-1 and 34.73-1736 mg·L-1,respectively.The values of correlation coefficient were 0.9999.Repeatability experiments showed that RSD values of the 4 contents were all less than 2.1%.The average recoveries of matrine,sophocarpine,oxysophocarpine and oxymatrine were 98.2%,96.4%,96.9%,97.1%,respectively.Conclusion:The method is simple,accurate and good reproducibility,which can be used for quality control of Compound Kushen injection.

OBJECTIVE To develop an on-line analysis method based on near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) for monitoring the percolation process of compound Kushen injection traditional Chinese medicines.METHODS Samples and correlative spectra were collected with online equipment in percolation process.The contents of total alkaloids and total solids measured with standard methods were used as reference values.Multivariate calibration models based on partial least squares(PLS) algorithm were developed to correlate the spectra and the reference values.RESULTS The correlation coefficients of the calibration models for total alkaloids and total solids were 0.997 9 and 0.996 0 with root mean square errors(RMSECs) of 0.072 1 g·L-1 and 0.081 1%,respectively.External validation samples collected on-line were used to evaluate the quantitative models.The correlation coefficients between the predicted value and the reference value were 0.991 5 and 0.999 0 with root mean square errors of prediction(RMSEPs) of 0.195 0 g·L-1 and 0.068 1%,respectively.CONCLUSION The presented method is rapid,accurate and reliable,which can be used for monitoring the percolation process of compound Kushen injection.

报道河南省西峡县从山东省荷泽市引进光皮木瓜优良品种,试种观察资料,以及主要栽培技术。定植第三年开始结果,5~7年进入盛产期,单株可挂果10~12 kg。

美国杏李是杏与李经多代杂交、筛选而培育出的新兴水果品种.果实芳香浓郁、酸甜适口、早实高产、营养丰富.近年来,豫西各县大面积引种栽培,因食心虫蛀食果肉,造成减产,甚至绝收,严重挫伤了群众生产积极性.西峡县森防站从2001开始对美国杏李果实害虫进行观察研究和无公害防治,总结出了食果的李实蜂、李小食心虫、桃实螟3种害虫的发生动态及无公害防治技术,使优质果率达90%以上,增产30%左右,现将观察研究结果及无公害防治技术简介如下.