Asiaticoside and asiaticoside B, bioactive triterpenoid saponins from Centella asiatica (C. asiatica), exhibit distinct structural, pharmacological, and accumulation profiles. Asiaticoside (ursane-type, α-amyrin-derived) possesses skin-lightening and wound-healing properties, whereas asiaticoside B (oleanane-type, β-amyrin-derived) displays antitumor activity. Their accumulation varies significantly across different C. asiatica sources. To elucidate the basis for this differential accumulation, we analyzed 26 wild C. asiatica accessions from diverse Chinese regions. HPLC revealed substantial variation, with accession A38 accumulating higher levels of asiaticoside and A41 accumulating more asiaticoside B. Integrated omics and biochemical analyses identified CaOSC5 and CaOSC7 as key oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs). CaOSC7 produced both α-amyrin and β-amyrin (in a 7:3 ratio), while CaOSC5 exclusively synthesized β-amyrin. AlphaFold3 predictions combined with mutagenesis pinpointed critical residues (CaOSC5: V263, K526, G424, G489, V613, S676, H680, Y742) responsible for their functional divergence. Dominant CaOSC5 expression in A41 favored asiaticoside B accumulation, whereas dominant CaOSC7 expression in A38 promoted asiaticoside accumulation. Thus, CaOSC5 and CaOSC7 form a core genetic module regulating metabolic flux balance through their differential activities and expression patterns. Correlation analysis of saponins and OSC transcription levels across 26 wild populations further confirmed that CaOSC5 and CaOSC7 expression positively correlates with corresponding asiaticoside B and asiaticoside accumulation, highlighting their marker-assisted breeding for high-asiaticoside B varieties. This study elucidates the molecular basis for the genetic regulation of asiaticoside and asiaticoside B biosynthesis in C. asiatica, providing a foundation for targeted OSC metabolic engineering.

Maize(Zea mays),which is a vital source of food,feed,and energy feedstock globally,has significant potential for higher yields.However,environmental stress conditions,including drought and salt stress,severely restrict maize plant growth and development,leading to great yield losses.Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases(LRR-RLKs)function in biotic and abiotic stress responses in the model plant Ara-bidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana),but their roles in abiotic stress responses in maize are not entirely under-stood.In this study,we determine that the LRR-RLK ZmMIK2,a homolog of the Arabidopsis LRR-RK MALE DISCOVERER 1(MDIS1)-INTERACTING RECEPTOR LIKE KINASE 2(MIK2),functions in resistance to both drought and salt stress in maize.Zmmik2 plants exhibit enhanced resistance to both stresses,whereas overexpressing ZmMIK2 confers the opposite phenotypes.Furthermore,we identify C2-DOMAIN-CON-TAINING PROTEIN 1(ZmC2DP1),which interacts with the intracellular region of ZmMIK2.Notably,that region of ZmMIK2 mediates the phosphorylation of ZmC2DP1,likely by increasing its stability.Both ZmMIK2 and ZmC2DP1 are mainly expressed in roots.As with ZmMIK2,knockout of ZmC2DP1 enhances resistance to both drought and salt stress.We conclude that ZmMIK2-ZmC2DP1 acts as a negative regulatory module in maize drought-and salt-stress responses.

BackgroundRenal fibrosis is the final common pathway of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is clinically irreversible and without effective therapy. Renal tubules are vulnerable to various insults, and tubular injury is involving in the initiation and evolution of renal inflammation and fibrosis. Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) functions by interacting with proinflammatory neuropeptide substance P (SP), exerting crucial roles in various neurological and non-neurological diseases. However, its roles in renal inflammation and fibrosis are still unknown. MethodsWe collected renal biopsy specimens and serum samples of individuals with or without CKD. Additionally, knockout mice lacking NK-1R expression, SP addition and NK-1R pharmacological antagonist treatment in the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model, and NK-1R-overexpressed HK-2 cells were employed. ResultsRenal SP/NK-1R and serum SP were increased in patients with CKD and mice experiencing UUO and correlated with renal fibrosis and function. SP addition enhanced UUO-induced progressive inflammatory responses and renal fibrosis, whereas genetically or pharmacologically targeting NK-1R attenuated these effects. Mechanistically, TFAP4 promoted NK-1R transcription by binding to its promoter, which was abolished by mutation of the binding site between TFAP4 and NK-1R promoter. Furthermore, SP acted through the NK-1R to activate the JNK/p38 pathways to modulate cell fate of tubular epithelial cells including growth arrest, apoptosis, and expression of profibrogenic genes. ConclusionOur data reveals that SP/NK-1R signaling promotes renal inflammatory responses and fibrosis, suggesting NK-1R could be a potential therapeutic target for the patients with CKD.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT)-mediated antitumor immune response depends on oxidative stress intensity and subsequent immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells, yet the inherent antioxidant system restricts reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated oxidative damage, which is highly correlated with the upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the downstream products, such as glutathione (GSH). Herein, to overcome this dilemma, we designed a versatile nanoadjuvant (RI@Z-P) to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to oxidative stress via Nrf2-specific small interfering RNA (siNrf2). The constructed RI@Z-P could significantly amplify photooxidative stress and achieve robust DNA oxidative damage, activating the stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent immune-sensing to produce interferon-β (IFN-β). Additionally, RI@Z-P together with laser irradiation reinforced tumor immunogenicity by exposing or releasing damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), showing the prominent adjuvant effect for promoting dendritic cell (DC) maturation and T-lymphocyte activation and even alleviating the immunosuppressive microenvironment to some extent.

Ferroptosis, as an effective sensitizer for apoptosis-based cancer treatments, has been elucidated to rely on high levels of intracellular oxidative stress mediated by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, ferroptosis-related oxidation effect is largely counteracted by the endogenous reductive glutathione (GSH). Here, we constructed a self-assembled metal-organic nanomedicine p53/Ce6@ZF-T, which was composed of p53 plasmid-complexed chlorin e6 (Ce6)-poly(amidoamine), Fe2+-containing mesoporous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 and naturally derived tannic acid (TA). The highly cytotoxic ROS was continuously produced via Fe2+-mediated and TA-assisted enhanced Fenton reaction as well as Ce6-induced photosensitive reaction, and meanwhile, the intratumoral upregulated p53 expression inactivated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) to suppress lipid peroxidation (LPO) resistance, thus resulting in amplified oxidative stress and intensified ferroptosis-apoptosis therapy. The notable anticancer efficacy of p53/Ce6@ZF-T both in vitro and in vivo substantially evidenced the high feasibility of oxidative stress-amplified therapeutic modality for enhanced ferroptosis-apoptosis combined therapy, which would be a promising approach in the field of cancer treatment in the future.

Sphingolipids have key functions in plant membrane structure and signaling. Perturbations of plant sphingolipid metabolism often induce cell death and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation; SA accumulation, in turn, promotes sphingolipid metabolism and further cell death. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana lipase-like protein ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) and its partner PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) participate in sphingolipid metabolism and associated cell death. The accelerated cell death 5 (acd5) mutants accumulate ceramides due to a defect in ceramide kinase and show spontaneous cell death. Loss of function of EDS1, PAD4 or SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT 2 (SID2) in the acd5 background suppressed the acd5 cell death phenotype and prevented ceramide accumulation. Treatment with the SA analogue benzothiadiazole partially restored sphingolipid accumulation in the acd5 pad4 and acd5 eds1 double mutants, showing that the inhibitory effect of the pad4-1 and eds1-2 mutations on acd5-conferred sphingolipid accumulation partly depends on SA. Moreover, the pad4-1 and eds1-2 mutations substantially rescued the susceptibility of the acd5 mutant to Botrytis cinerea. Consistent with this, B. cinerea-induced ceramide accumulation requires PAD4 or EDS1. Finally, examination of plants overexpressing the ceramide synthase gene LAG1 HOMOLOGUE2 suggested that EDS1, PAD4 and SA are involved in long-chain ceramide metabolism and ceramide-associated cell death. Collectively, our observations reveal that EDS1 and PAD4 mediate ceramide (especially long-chain ceramide) metabolism and associated cell death, by SA-dependent and SA-independent pathways.

Sphingolipids have key functions in plant membrane structure and signaling. Perturbations of plant sphingolipid metabolism often induce cell death and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation; SA accumulation, in turn, promotes sphingolipid metabolism and further cell death. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana lipase-like protein ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) and its partner PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) participate in sphingolipid metabolism and associated cell death. The accelerated cell death 5 (acd5) mutants accumulate ceramides due to a defect in ceramide kinase and show spontaneous cell death. Loss of function of EDS1, PAD4, or SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT 2 (SID2) in the acd5 background suppressed the acd5 cell-death phenotype and prevented ceramide accumulation. Treatment with the SA analogue benzothiadiazole partially restored sphingolipid accumulation in the acd5 pad4 and acd5 eds1 double mutants, showing that the inhibitory effect of the pad4-1 and eds1-2 mutations on acd5-conferred sphingolipid accumulation partly depends on SA. Moreover, the pad4-1 and eds1-2 mutations substantially rescued the susceptibility of the acd5 mutant to Botrytis cinerea. Consistent with this, B. cinerea-induced ceramide accumulation requires PAD4 or EDS1. Finally, examination of plants overexpressing the ceramide synthase gene LAG1 HOMOLOGUE2 suggested that EDS1, PAD4, and SA are involved in long-chain ceramide metabolism and ceramide-associated cell death. Collectively, our observations reveal that EDS1 and PAD4 mediate ceramide (especially long-chain ceramide) metabolism and associated cell death, by SA-dependent and SA-independent pathways.

Fluoroquinolones (FQs) present in water environments pose threats to aquatic organisms. The concentration of FQs adsorbed onto sediments is generally higher than that in water. Here, we studied the toxicities of two FQ antibiotics, norfloxacin (NOR) and ofloxacin (OFL), on the snail Bellamya aeruginosa, an adaptable benthic animal. For this, we performed acute toxicity experiments on young snails and sub-chronic exposure experiments on adult snails by exposure to the FQs for 1–28 days. The 96 h median effective concentrations showed that NOR toxicity was higher than OFL toxicity, although both NOR and OFL were low-toxicity substances (EC50 > 100 mg L−1). Four concentrations were used in the sub-chronic exposure experiments. Results of the measurement of bioconcentration factors (BCF) showed that OFL accumulation was higher than NOR accumulation in snail tissues. During the depuration period (28–49 days), at low concentrations (2 and 20 μg L−1), both FQs required at least 7 days to reach the maximum residue limit (50 μg kg−1). Conversely, at high concentrations (200 and 2000 μg L−1), 14 days (NOR) and 21 days (OFL) were required. Our results could facilitate management of the environmental risks of antibiotics and conservation of aquatic animals.

珠江支流谷河表观上可定义为城市黑臭水体.轮虫作为重要的指示生物,在评价水体营养和污染状态等方面得到广泛应用,但轮虫与黑臭水体关系的研究基本为空白.于2017年11月至2018年3月对广州谷河中大河段进行了轮虫与水体黑臭的3次调研.通过轮虫污染指示性种类组成、E/O指数、QB/T指数和香农多样性指数(H′)对水质进行富营养化评价,采用黑臭多因子加权指数法(IB)对谷河进行黑臭评价.结果表明,谷河中大河段的轮虫共计35种,隶属10科16属,其中污染指示种23种.根据E/O指数和QB/T指数均判定谷河达到富营养化水平.H′指数判定谷河为α-中污型和β-中污型.Pearson相关性分析表明轮虫种类数、丰度与水温、CODMn、DO、Chl a呈显著相关(P<0.05).典范对应分析显示,藻类丰度、Chl a、水温、CODMn等是影响谷河群落结构变化的重要因素,前翼轮虫、晶囊轮虫与IB呈相关性显著,可作为谷河水体污染加重的指示生物.但轮虫总丰度、臂尾轮虫总丰度、臂尾轮虫组成比例与IB没有显著相关性.研究表明轮虫可作为有效的水体污染指示生物来评价谷河水体营养状况,但用来评价水体黑臭状况还有待后续的深入研究.

Direct discharge of aquaculture wastewater in coastal areas could increase concentrations of antibiotics in coastal mangrove forests. This study focused on the Gaoqiao Mangrove Nature Reserve in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province. Norfloxacin (NOR) residues in rhizosphere sediments, plant roots, branches, and leaves of two dominant mangrove communities, Rhizophora stylosa and Avicennia marina , the correlation between physical properties of rhizosphere deposition and residual NOR in sediments, and NOR accumulation in the root system were analyzed. Significant differences were noted in NOR residues in rhizosphere sediments of R. stylosa and A. marina , with higher NOR concentrations than those in other wetland sediments locally and abroad. NOR accumulation in R. stylosa was higher in the branches than in the roots and was also significantly higher than that in A. marina. Thus, both species could accumulate NOR from the environment with R. stylosa showing a stronger potential to purify the environment. Cation exchange capacity and total organic carbon could affect NOR distribution in the rhizosphere sediment, and total organic carbon content could reduce NOR uptake by mangrove roots. This study contributes to research on the migration and adsorption characteristics of antibiotics in mangrove wetlands.

藻类密度增加是黑臭现象发生的重要原因之一.目前的黑臭评价标准缺少藻类等水生生物指标,而黑臭河流中浮游微藻时空特征研究也极少.于2017年秋和2018年冬和春在谷河布设6个样点,采用污染指数法(I1)和黑臭多因子加权指数法(I2)评价谷河黑臭情况,同时调查浮游微藻的丰度和生物量等,并对黑臭评价结果和微藻进行Pearson相关分析.结果表明,I2指数法更适合评价谷河的黑臭情况;裸藻门丰度与I2的相关系数较高(r=0.784,p＜0.01);裸藻门丰度比例和生物量比例与I2的相关系数分别为0.750和0.776(p＜0.01);裸藻门的种数和裸藻门污染指示种个数与I2的相关系数均为0.623 (p＜0.01).裸藻门可能适合于作为评价谷河黑臭的水生生物指标.天然水体中微藻或裸藻与致臭物质的产生等有待深入研究.

Plants employ cell-surface receptor-like kinases to detect extrinsic and intrinsic signals, thus make a trade-off between growth and immunity. The receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases on the cytoplasmic side act as downstream components involved in the activation, transmission, and integration of intracellular signals. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the RLCK BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1) associates with multiple RLKs to regulate pathogen defense responses and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. However, little is known about the biological functions of BIK1 in developmental processes in Arabidopsis. In this study, we established that mutation of ERECTA (ER), an important RLK, counteracts the developmental effects of loss of BIK1 function. BIK1 and ER play opposing roles in leaf morphogenesis and inflorescence architecture. Moreover, we confirmed that BIK1 is required to maintain appropriate auxin response during leaf margin morphogenesis. Finally, we found that BIK1 interacts with ER-family proteins and directly phosphorylates ER. Our findings might provide novel insight into the function of BIK1 in leaf and inflorescence development.

In coastal regions,the direct discharge of aquaculture effluent led to enrichment of antibiotics in mangrove wetlands.We conducted the sampling in Gaoqiao,Zhanjiang Mangrove Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province,and analyzed the residues of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in rhizosphere sediments and plant organs such as roots,twigs and leaves of two dominant mangrove communities (Rhizophora stylosa and Avicennia marina),using high performance liquid chromatography.We also studied the correlation between lipid ratio (LR) and CIP concentration in mangrove roots.The results show that the concentration of CIP residues in mangrove rhizosphere sediments was (69.0 ± 5.9),(63.0 ± 6.2) μg· kg-1 in R.stylosa and A.marina,respectively,without significant statistically difference (p＞0.05),and was higher than that of other wetland sediments.The concentration of CIP residues in A.marina ((1306.3±234.8) μg· kg-1) exceeded that of R.stylosa ((366.6±52.0) μg· kg-1) significantly (p＜0.05).Moreover,both mangrove plants demonstrated higher CIP content in the upper parts (twigs,leaves) than roots,and the transfer factor was 3.5 ± 1.7 and 1.4 ± 0.5,respectively.This indicates that both two mangrove plants had the potential to purify CIP in the coastal environment,and comaratively A.marina is better.We also found that LR was not the key factor to affect the CIP content in mangrove roots.These results provide a significant theoretical basis on migration and absorption of antibiotics in mangrove wetlands.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major pathogens of chronic viral hepatitis, and approximately 38 million patients are infected with HCV in China. However, little information is available on the effect of HCV infection during chemotherapy for breast cancer and the impact of HCV infection on the toxicity of chemotherapy and targeted therapy.

This paper determines four Fluoroquinolones (FQs) in the mangal root areas (rhizosphere soil,non-rhizosphere soil) of two advantageous mangal communities [Aegiceras corniculatum (Ac),Kandelia candel (Kc)] in Zhenhai Bay Mangrove Nature Reserve in Jiangmen,Guangdong Province.Analysis of the residual characteristics of FQs-Ofloxacin (OFL),Norfloxacin (NOR),Ciprofloxacin (CIP),Enrofioxacin (ENR) in sediments from fourteen mangal root areas,six discharge and three tidal flat were carried out by high performance liquid chromatogram-phymass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) qualitatively and quantitatively.The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the environmental factors (pH,Soil organic matter (SOM),Cationex change capacity (CEC),Catalase (CAT),Sucrase (SUC),available heavy metals such as Cu,Zn,Fe) and FQs in magal root areas.The results showed that the average contents of FQs in two mangalrhizospheresoils are 55.22,29.25 μg · kg-1,respectively.The average contents of FQs in two mangal non-rhizosphere soils are 22.45,18.66 μg · kg-1,respectively.FQs contents of Ac root areas are higher than that of Kc root areas (P ＜ 0.05).FQs contents in two mangalrhizosphere soils root areas are higher than that of non-rhizosphere soils.The CCA analysis indicates that the sorting of environmental factors as:pH ＞ Fe ＞ SOM ≥ CEC ＞ Zn ＞ SUC ≥ CAT.The study results have important theoretical significance on interpretation of mangroves to the absorption and purification of organic pollutants (including antibiotics).

Although antibiotics fluoroquinolones (FQs) have been widely detected in mangrove wetlands,the absorption and transport behaviors of FQs by mangal plants were rarely explored.In this study we analyzed four FQs,ofloxacin (OFL),norfloxacin (NOR),ciprofloxacin (CIP) and enrofloxacin (ENR) in plant organs root-twig-leaf of two dominant mangal plants (i.e.,Aegiceras corniculatum and Kandelia candel) from Zhenhai Bay Mangrove Nature Reserve,Guangdong Province.Liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer was used for chemical analysis.The plant-organ-transfer factor (PF) was proposed to measure the metastatic ability of four FQs in plants,and the effects of lipid ratio (LR) in organs on FQs residue were also discussed.The results show that the four FQs were present in all organs of two mangal plants.In A.corniculatum,the concentrations of OFL,ENR and NOR in twig (6.36～ 12.23 μμg·kg-1) were higher than those in leaf (4.05 ～ 10.92 μg· kg-1) and root (5.01 ～ 10.47 μg· kg-1);in K.candel,however,the concentrations of OFL,ENR and NOR were in the following order:root (6.27～24.70 μg·kg-1) ＞ leaf (5.74～ 10.98 μg·kg-1) ＞ twig (3.63～7.00μg· kg-1).PFTL/R,root to twig and root to leaf for 4 FQs,of A.corniculatum is higher than that of K.candel,both higher than 1.This indicates that A.corniculatum showed higher ability to transport FQs from roots to upper parts than K.candel.A.corniculatum had greater potential to absorb and transport FQs while K.candel had stronger absorbing capability of roots.LR was not the key factors to affect the absorption and transport of FQs.

本研究对广东—饮用水源保护区的河流氟喹诺酮类(Fluoroquinolones,FQs)抗生素进行分析.采用高效液相色谱法定性定量分析9个沉积物样品和5种鱼肉及1种鱼内脏中3种FQs—诺氟沙星(Norfloxacin,NOR)、环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin,CIP)、恩诺沙星(Enrofloxacin,ENR)的残留特征,并与沉积物中有机质、总氮、总磷进行Person相关性分析.结果表明:河流沉积物各点平均值NOR＞CIP＞ENR,最大含量分别为:NOR248.25 ng·g-1,CIP 158.69 ng·g-1,ENR 56.81 ng·g-1;FQs和沉积物有机质、总磷相关系数平均为0.946、0.968 (p＜0.01);5种鱼的鱼肉中FQs的含量可能高于或低于沉积物中FQs含量均值;鳙鱼内脏FQs含量是鱼肉中的3.21～9.53倍.研究结果对保障饮用水安全及水产品生态安全具有重要的意义.

Mangrove plants affect the microbial community in the rhizosphere and this should be closely related with the dissolved organic matter( DOM)in the root zone. The concentration and constitution of the DOM of five major mangrove species sampled in situ was investigated by the total organic carbon( TOC) analyzer and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. The average dissolved organic carbon( DOC) in pore water of the rhizosphere soil and the bulk soil were 207. 87 mg·L- 1and 144. 51 mg·L- 1,respectively. The DOM content and composition in the rhizosphere soil were all higher than those in the bulk soil,and the endogenous of the DOM in pore water of the rhizosphere soil was higher than that in the bulk soil,based on the results of the 3D fluorescence spectra,fluorescence characteristic value r and fluorescence index FI. Humic acid from the exogenous input was higher than that of fulvic acid.

红树植物的化感作用和生态功能与其多酚类物质的组成和含量密切相关,其植物根系中含有的小分子多酚对红树植物对根际生物群落的调控具有重要的意义,但对其根系中具体含有的多酚类最小单体尚缺少科学实验证据.对湛江红树林国家级自然保护区内五种重要建群红树植物进行原位根系采样,采用液相高效色谱法(HPLC)对5种主要的小分子多酚单体进行定性和定量分析.主要结果为:五种红树根系内均检测出5种小分子多酚单体,浓度含量范围在0.0007-1.7424 mg/gDW.红树植物单株含量最高值分别为,儿茶素1.7424 mg/gDW,桔儿茶素1.1470 mg/gDW,表桔儿茶素0.4457 mg/gDW,没食子酸0.2374 mg/gDW,表儿茶素0.3331 mg/gDW.5种小分子多酚含量的总平均值以秋茄(Kandelia candel)和低潮带桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)最高,分别为0.2778 mg/gDW、0.2379 mg/gDW.木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)和无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)次之,依次为0.0766 mg/gDW、0.0734 mg/gDW.红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)和高潮带桐花树(A.corniculatum)相对最低,分别为0.0488 mg/gDW、0.0341 mg/gDW.

Rich and unique fungal resources exist in tropical and subtropical mangrove forests in the coastal intertidal zone. Fungi are involved in the decomposition of organic matter and regeneration of inorganic nutrient. They can degrade pollutants in the marine environment, promote marine self⁃purification, and play an important role in the marine ecosystem. The plant root system is rich in microbial species and biomass. However, research on the fungal ecological status in mangrove roots is limited. This study was conducted in the core zone of Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province, namely Gaoqiao Mangrove Reserve with the area of 700.1 hm(E 109 °40 ′—110 °35 ′,N 20 °14 ′—21 °35 ′) extending linearly along the 27 km long coast. Rhizosphere (0 cm to 2.5 cm) and non⁃rhizosphere (2.5 cm to 10 cm) fungal and environmental samples were collected from six species of mangrove communities to analyze the affect of mangrove root on fungal abundance and species composition and to examine the relationships of fungi with environmental factors. Results showed that a total of 35 different morphology colonies appeared in the culture medium, and 5 genera and 11 species of fungi were identified by fungal morphological identification technology. These species were Aspergillus zhaoqingensis, Aspergillus japonicus var. japonicus, Aspergillus carneus, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Aspergillus niveus, Trichoderma