In joint communications and sensing (JCS), the same electromagnetic (EM) wave is used for both functions, in the forward (incident) and backward (scattered) channels, respectively. The communication channel is determined by scatterers (also as sensing targets), thus coupling the performances of communications and sensing. More scattering targets generate more degrees of freedom (DoFs) for communications, thus improving the channel capacity given sufficient antennas. Meanwhile, they also result in more sensing errors due to the increasing complexity of EM field. The complexity analysis of EM field, in terms of DoFs, is applied to analyze the trade-off between communications and sensing, as the complexity of scattering targets increases. Numerical results are calculated to demonstrate the performance trade-off between communications and sensing.

Joint communications ad radar (JCR) is a technology to leverage the same waveform for simultaneous data transmission and radar sensing, which is expected to be efficient in bandwidth and power. A theoretical framework is proposed to study JCR, based on the electromagnetic field analysis. Given a simple model of communications and radar sensing, the electromagnetic field is described in terms of forward and scattering Green functions. For radar sensing, the imaging error is derived based on the Fisher operator and the eigen-decomposition of the integral transformations with Green function kernels. For data transmission, the channel capacity is analyzed based on a similar eigen-decomposition. The trade-off between the imaging error of radar and the channel capacity of data transmission is obtained based on the theoretical analysis and numerical computations.

为了健全国家应急管理体系、提升应急管理能力,分析了各类突发事件在危险源性质、事件发生演化规律、事件应对具体措施及所需资源等方面的不同,以及在各类突发事件危险源防控基本理念、事件应对基本过程、应对资源保障模式、指挥协调模式、分级预警和响应模式等方面的相似性;在此基础上,探讨了在构建和完善应急管理体系时需要考虑的对象、目标、责任主体、运行机制和保障条件等问题.研究结果表明:应急管理是一个内涵和外延都十分广泛的综合性概念,具有涉及领域广、环节链条长、社会期望高、工作难度大等特点,健全应急管理体系并没有现成的模式或最优的方案,只有根据实际情况,深入研究和妥善解决应急管理体系各要素存在的问题,才能真正构建起符合国情的应急管理体系,并通过持续的应急能力建设,达成实现国家应急管理体系和能力现代化的目标.

将风险评估和情景构建技术与方法应用于应急体系建设规划的研究与编制,形成以应急能力为核心的应急体系规划理论和方法,可以提高应急体系规划的系统性、科学性和针对性.

为了解我国特别重大生产安全事故的演变规律,研究有效的事故防控模型,分析了1950-2018年我国特别重大生产安全事故的主要特点和发展变化规律;针对现有事故防控理论模型的不足,提出了以人员安全保护为核心目标的特别重大生产安全事故防控和人员安全多重保护理论模型,并简要介绍了应用该理论模型开展工业园区、内河水上交通和城市轨道交通特别重大生产安全事故防控和人员安全保护技术和装备研究的情况.研究表明:传统事故预防模型存在对事故发生后的人员安全保护不重视的问题;通过研发和应用监测预警、预警通知、人员疏散、就地避难等人员安全保护技术措施,可有效保护人员安全和减少人员伤亡,从而更好地防控重特大事故的发生.

为研究探讨我国安全生产执法队伍的改革方向和政策建议,分析了2018年国家机构改革对安全生产执法队伍产生的影响,以及我国安全生产执法队伍存在的法律地位不明确、职责任务不清晰、人员数量不足等问题,介绍了美英等工业化国家安全监管执法的经验和我国5个行业领域综合执法队伍改革的政策要求.研究提出:我国安全生产执法队伍改革的大方向是"大安全综合""检查、处罚和强制执行三权分离"的行政执法队伍体制,力量配置上主要是以设区市为主体组建市级安全生产综合执法队伍、县级执法队伍作为其派出机构实行"局队合一"体制.

针对近几年我国液氨事故频发情况,尝试通过危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)和保护层分析(LOPA),揭示涉氨企业保护措施存在的不足,并以本质安全为目的提出保护措施.并建议将氨浓度≥30 mg/m3的所有区域划归氨泄漏最小隔离区.研究结果表明,当保护措施不足时,事故风险不可接受,为高风险;当采取保护措施后,可以将事故风险降到可容忍目标;当保护措施有效时,最小隔离区域划分在企业范围内.对于露天液氨储液器和氨冷冻隧道,建议通过在特制的液氨厂房或隔离设施内设置氨报警仪、抽风罩和水雾喷淋等装置,将氨泄漏危害控制在特制的液氨厂房或隔离设施内.

本文分析了安全与应急相关职业、行业与产业的概念,以及我国安全产业和应急产业概念的形成与发展过程;并对国家相关部门制定发布安全和应急产业政策的目的、意义以及各自的范围与其相互关系进行了探讨.

The paper introduces the ultra-wide band UWB technology and its history,explains the advantages of real-time positioning technologies in application on the basis of the features of the Internet of Things used for production site,and further presents the components and technical features of the UWB technology.To meet the actual needs of hoisting operation,the paper elaborates on site information to be gathered and ways of obtaining,processing and transmitting information of operation safety monitoring and pre-warning system,and points out the specific application of UWB technology in the system as the key technology.Meanwhile,models for functions including retrieving information form monitoring data by the system,algorithm processing,site and sending alarms in the event of hidden danger and fault are also described in the paper to further illustrate the fault prediction algorithm.

为减少水泥生产过程中的粉尘职业危害,将危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)方法运用于水泥行业粉尘职业危害管理.在分析水泥产业生产工艺的基础上,基于HACCP方法的预防性管理思想和操作流程,分析确定了水泥生产过程的粉尘职业危害关键控制点,并有针对性地提出可行的降除尘措施,实现对关键控制点生产性粉尘职业危害的监测与有效防控,从而保证工人的职业健康.

本文梳理了安全与应急管理学科领域的一些核心概念,并用框图的形式描述它们之间的内在关系,对相关概念进行解释说明;指出致灾因子、承灾体和应急管理过程等方面当前和今后的一些研究重点和方向.

2015年12月20日11时40分，广东省深圳市光明新区凤凰社区恒泰裕工业园发生渣土受纳场堆填体滑坡事故，中国安科院紧急召集专业人员并携带遥感装备赶赴救援现场，为分析事故原因、提高救援效率和保障救援人员安全提供了科学依据，为救援工作有序进行提供了可靠保障。

The emergency plans of business and industry in the United States of America are different in their name, form and main contents, according to the requirements of their specific regulatory laws and regulations. These emergency plans can be divided into different categories: Emergency Action Plan ( EAP) , Emergency Re-sponse Plan ( ERP) , Facility Contingency Plan( FCP) , Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan ( CEMP) , E-mergency Operation Plan ( EOP) etc.A brief analysis on the laws and regulations and their requirements for the preparation of emergency plans was presented, and the characteristics, main contents and applications of different plans were described, and some suggestions for improving the emergency plans of business and industry in China were put forward.

物联网通过云计算和高效传输,将终端能力聚合,成就了超级智能网络.随着传感器条形码、RFID(射频识别)GPS(全球定位系统)、云计算等关键技术的迅猛发展,物联网产业作为推动产业升级、迈向信息社会的“发动机”,受到世界各国的普遍重视.本文给出了物联网在铁路车号自动识别、集装箱管理和商品电子防盗领域的应用场景和工作原理.

本文介绍了应急准备体系的概念,建立了以提升能力为目标导向的应急准备规划理论框架,提出了非常规突发事件情景的构建方法、应急通用任务清单以及非常规突发事件典型情景应对的目标能力清单。研究提出了以定性评估指标为主、定量评估指标为辅,并综合考虑基础风险水平差异的区域应急准备能力评估体系及其归一化的综合评分方法。最后,简要分析了主要研究成果的应用前景。

Scientific and objective assessment must be taken firstly in order to enhance city public safety manage -ment level.this paper introduces a method of city public safety risk assessment , and takes the high-rise building fire as an example , to demonstrate the process of risk events identification , risk analysis and evaluation , and the a-vailable countermeasures recommendation .This method can be used and popularized as the an effective tool for city public safety risk management in China .

The control of entropy in cyber physical system (CPS) is studied in order to better operate the physical dynamics of CPS. The controller is then regarded as the Maxwell’s demon that can decrease the system entropy. Due to the second law of thermodynamics, the controller needs external information communicated from sensors since the system entropy cannot be spontaneously decreased. For a finite state physical system in CPS, upper and lower bounds for the communication requirement have been derived. In particular, it is proved that more than H0 − H1 bits are needed for the controller to reduce the entropy from H0 to H1. The proposed bounds and algorithms are then demonstrated numerically in the context of smart grids.

加强和完善应急预案体系是应急管理的一项基础性工作。反思应急预案体系建设和预案工作的成败得失,需要对指导应急管理和应急预案工作的科学理论基础进行探讨与反思,从而使我们能够更透彻地理解应急理论和应急预案的形成与发展规律,透过表面现象看到预案编制和使用工作中出现的一些深层次问题,从而更好地改进预案体系,完善预案管理工作。

In order to solve the issues such as heterogeneous coexistence,spectrum scarcity,tremendous data processing and security guarantees,we introduce Wireless Cognitive Sensor Network(WCSN) into the smart grids.In this paper,we study the data falsification attacks to WCSN in smart grids,where intruders send false local spectrum sensing results and power consumption information resulting in incorrect spectrum allocation and power dispatching decisions by control centers.Based on the SIR model in epidemic theory,we model and analyze the information spreading process in data falsification attacks and identify key factors determining potential epidemic outbreaks in smart grids.In conclusion,through extensive simulations,we validate the feasibility of SIR model and perform investigations on the system dynamics.

通常情况下,无线传感器网络在感知覆盖留有冗余。在保持网络功能的前提下,一些传感器可以转入休眠状态。随机配置在某个区域的传感器应当能够决定激活哪些传感器来监测某个区域,以及哪些传感器转入休眠状态,并在后期被激活。连通性非常重要,它支持测量数据报告给监测中心。传感器区域覆盖问题既可看作是单位圆盘图,也可看作是基于物理层的感知模型。文章引入了传感器覆盖模型,分析了传感器覆盖与连通标准,提出了传感器区域覆盖算法。