脑静脉血栓形成（CVT）是一种不常见的卒中类型,年发病率约为5/100万,占所有脑卒中病例的0.5%-1%[1],尤其好发于儿童及青壮年[2],或许是口服避孕药的原因,此病在女性患者中更为常见[3]。因CVT的诱因和临床表现多种多样,缺乏统一的治疗标准,易误诊漏诊,固具有较高的病残率及病死率[4]。本文通过对相关文献的回顾,对脑静脉血栓

目的：探讨老年患者颅内动脉硬化的发生与脑白质疏松（ LA）的关系。方法在该院神经内科住院的患者中，收集符合研究条件且经头MRI检查和依据Fazekas评分确诊为LA的87例作为病例组；确诊无LA的93例作为对照组。记录TCD检查结果，包括颅内左侧各血管即大脑中动脉（ MCA）、大脑前动脉（ ACA）、大脑后动脉（ PCA）、椎动脉（ VA）及基底动脉（ BA）的收缩期血管流速和脉动指数（ PI）。结果 LA组与对照组比较，LA组患者左侧MCA、ACA、PCA、VA及BA的PI均较对照组高（ P＜O．05）；而 LA 组患者左侧 MCA、ACA、PCA、VA 及 BA 的收缩期血流速度（VS）均较对照组低（P＜O．05）。结论 PI及VS均与LA的发生相关，推测颅内大血管的动脉硬化参与了LA的形成，慢性动脉硬化可能是LA的病理生理基础和过程。

布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎是一种严重的人畜共患传染病，是由布鲁氏杆菌感染间盘及椎体引起的化脓性炎症。以腰椎好发，其次为胸腰段，其病理改变以椎间盘炎症改变为主〔1〕。患者常因关节痛或持续剧烈腰背痛就诊于骨科。近几年在我国东北有逐渐上升的趋势。目前关于布鲁氏杆菌性脊柱炎的诊断和治疗的报道较少。笔者回顾近年文献，对布鲁氏菌脊柱炎的临床表现、影像学表现及治疗作一综述。

Purpose: study neuropsychological features of patients with leukoaraiosis (LA), quantify the volume of nuclear magnetic resonance in the head by stereoscopy method and discuss its clinical significance. Method: divide into LA group and the contrast group according to MRI in the head. Quantify volume of nuclear magnetic resonance in the head in the LA group by stereoscopy method and analyze it by mini-mental state examination (MMSE), activities of daily life (ADL) and dangerous factors. Result: MSE grade of LA patients decreases obviously, indicating that LA patients have obstacles in general cognitive function. MMSE grade and ADL grade are in negative correlation. Different grades of LA are in positive correlation with its volume. Hypertension in the LA group stands at the first place and hyperlipidemia the second place. Conclusion: 1LA is closely related to hypertension. 2LA is closely related to declination of cognitive function and mainly influences cognitive functions such as memory, attention, computing ability and visual space etc; and LA is related to declination of activity ability in daily life. 3 Different grades of LA are in positive correlation with the volume and volume of LA is in positive correlation with cognitive obstacles and declining degree of activity ability of patients in daily life. 4 the relevance ratio of LA can be raised by MRI.Leukoaraiosis (LA) [1] is a group of clinical syndromes described by iconography caused by diverse pathogenesis. LA often causes declination of cognitive functions and is often regarded as an earlier sign for cerebral lesion since it mainly damages subcortex functions [2]. Stereoscopy method can calculate volume, length and superficial area of specific objects and regions [3].

In the paper, the best extraction technology of nasal mucosa dosing bromo gels is preferably selected. Orthogonal test is applied to screen the best technological condition for extracting nasal mucosa dosing bromo gels with content of ferulic acid and gastrodin as the indexes; it is figured out that the best technological condition is ethanol; the optimal technology is stable and feasible and can raise content of ferulic acid remarkably.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics and risk factors for patients with hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after cerebral infarction to provide guidance for its clinical treatment and prevention.METHODS:In this study, data from 49 hospitalized patients with HT in the First Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University from October 2009 to March 2012, were reviewed retrospectively and 106 cases with acute cerebral infarction only during the same period, were chosen randomly as controls. Gender and age of the patients were comparable. Relevant information was collected. SPSS 17.0 statistical package was applied for data processing. Qualitative data were processed with χ(2) test, and measurable data was processed with t-test. Each index was analyzed with uni-variate analysis while statistically significant risk factors were included in the logistic review model to conduct the multivariate regression analysis.RESULTS:(1) Clinical symptoms deteriorating after hemorrhage in 21 cases accounted for 42.9% of the HT group, among which the cases on degree of disturbance to consciousness had an aggravation in 8 cases and hemiplegia increase in another 7 cases. Headaches and dizziness were found in 5 cases. (2) Number of infarction within 15 days after the occurrence of HT accounted for 87.0%. (3) HT-related factors increased the risk of HT in cerebral infarction such as cortical infarction, large area of infarction, atrial fibrillation, cerebral embolism, diabetes and high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05). The most important factors were atrial fibrillation and cerebral embolism. (4) PH-2 seemed more unlikely to link with clinical symptoms than other subtypes of HT.CONCLUSION:Cerebral infarction after occlusion of the main artery trunk was prone to HT, especially when it appeared within 15 days. Short-term prognosis seemed to be related to the subtypes of HT, with risk factors as cortical infarct, massive cerebral infarction, atrial fibrillation, cerebral embolism, diabetes, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol etc. on HT.

Objective To determine the level of peripheral blood CD34 positive (CD34+) cells in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI),and to explore its clinical significance.Methods The level of peripheral blood CD34+ cells was determined by flow cytometry within 72 hours of onset of patients with acute cerebral infarction (infarct group,n=45),cerebrovascular risk factors in patients without cerebral infarction (high risk group,n=27) and healthy subjects (control group,n=20).The neural function defect score,infarction lesion volume and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) were determined in patients with infarction group.Results The percentages of peripheral blood CD34 cells in infarction group (0.034 ±0.012)％ and the high risk group of patients (0.047±0.009)％ were lower than that of control group(0.063±0.009)％,and were lower in infarction group than in high-risk groups (all P＜0.05).The percentages of peripheral blood CD34+cells were significantly decreased compared with control group (P＜0.05) in infarction patients with mild [(0.047±0.009)％],moderate [(0.036±0.009)％],severe [(0.022±0.007)％] infarction nervous function defect score.Wherein,the percentages were lower in severe group than in the moderate group,moderate group was lower than in mild group (all P＜0.05).The percentages of peripheral blood CD34 cells in infarction patients with small,moderate,large infaret lesion volume were lower than in control group (P＜0.05),wherein,were lower in large group than in moderate group,lower in moderate group than in treatment group (all P＜0.05).Infarction patients were confirmed with carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) by carotid ultrasound.The extent of lesion were divided into carotid artery intimal thickening group [(0.043±0.010)％],carotid artery plaque group [(0.036±0.010)％],and carotid artery stenosis group [(0.023±0.009)％].The levels of peripheral blood CD34+ cells in three groups of patients were decreased compared with control group.The levels were lower in carotid artery stenosis group than in carotid artery plaque group,lower in carotid artery plaque group than in carotid artery intimal thickening group (all P＜0.05).Conclusions The level of peripheral blood CD34+ cells in acute cerebral ischemia is reduced,it can become a sensitive and early indicator of cerebral ischemia,and its level is related to neurologic impairment,infarction size and the degree of carotid artery atherosclerosis.

目的:观察川芎方鼻粘膜凝胶剂与西比灵胶囊治疗偏头痛的疗效对比.方法:将60例偏头痛急性期患者随机分为治疗组30例和对照组各30例,治疗组使用川芎鼻粘膜凝胶剂,3次/d;对照组睡前顿服西比灵10 mg,两组均连用7天,观察疗效.结果:治疗组治愈率50%,对照组治愈率33.3%,两组治愈率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:川芎方鼻粘膜凝胶剂治疗偏头痛的疗效明显优于对照组西比灵胶囊的疗效.

<正>多系统萎缩(Multiple system atrophy,MSA)是一组原因不明的,累及锥体外系、锥体系、小脑和自主神经系统等多部位的神经系统变性疾病。包括以帕金森样症状为主的纹状体-黑质变性(Striatonigral degeneration,SND),以小脑症状为主的橄榄—脑桥—小脑萎缩(Olitopontocerebellar atrophy,OPCA)以