当前我国水利水电工程开发建设面临两方面的重大挑战:一是重大工程开发建设"千年大计、安全质量第一"提出的高标准高要求;二是传统设计管理模式下存在产业效率危机,包括多专业和跨阶段的数据标准与信息模型建立存在瓶颈、设计分析与反馈优化脱节以及软硬件平台卡脖子等难题.

针对水电工程地下洞室开挖支护施工过程中安全监测信息预警管理的及时性、有效性且可视化管理程度不足的问题,通过对安全监测数据自动采集、数据处理、预警分析、预警信息发布等一系列的技术方法研究,利用Microsoft Visual C#.NET编程、数据库SQL Server以及RESTFUL API等技术,建立了一套适用于水电工程地下洞室安全监测动态预警平台,实现了安全监测数据的自动采集、传输、实时动态预警分析、网络发布及可视化管理,为地下洞室安全开挖施工提供了一个对安全监测数据实时动态、高效预警分析管理的辅助平台.

边坡系统具有一定的灰色特征,基于某水电溢洪道边坡现场实测数据,构建边坡变形预测的GM(1,1)模型,通过误差分析,预测结果与实测结果较为一致,所建立的模型具有较高的精度和可靠性.对未来三期边坡位移量进行了预测,其平均增幅为21.93％,增速明显较大.建议加强监测频次,并根据实时监测数据,采取必要的预防及工程处置措施.研究成果对于该溢洪道边坡安全及应急处置具有重要的意义.

In view of the dynamics and complexity of structural safety risk and the seriousness of accident consequences during the operation and maintenance of the super-high concrete arch dams, a dynamic safety risk analysis system for the super-high concrete arch dam is developed based on the analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy theory and quantitative risk assessment analysis method, by using the SQL Server database and Microsoft Visual C#. NET programming technology. According to the load structure characteristics of the super-high concrete arch dams and the characteristics of various kinds of the safety monitoring instruments and complex layout of the safety monitoring system, a database adapted to different monitoring types and massive safety monitoring data is established. Based on the comprehensive evaluation system of the monitoring data, inspection and geophysical detection for the safety of the super-high concrete arch dam, the probability level of the accident of the super-high concrete arch dam is determined. The economic losses and the impacts on the social environment caused by dam accidents are quantitatively analyzed by means of an equivalent method to determine the loss level. Finally, the risk matrix is used to evaluate the dynamic safety risk level of the super-high concrete arch dam according to the probability level of occurrence of the accident and the loss level caused by the dam accident.

In order to integrate various kinds of water resource information and guarantee the sharing and united management of information among regional administrations,we established a 3D visual safety management system for regional reservoir based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geo-Information System (GIS).This system offers a technical support for the scientific decision-making for reservoir management by real-time comprehensive analysis,sharing of regional digital information among different levels,and 3D visualization of the reservoir's BIM information.The improvement and promotion of this system would be of great significance for the scientific management of reservoir safety in China.

以“三甲医院”视角介绍了水电工程运行期工程安全技术服务体系,对水电工程“三甲医院”的定义、基本构成、主要特征等进行了探讨,并对“三甲医院”的健康诊断采用的关键技术的研究与应用进行了阐述,给出了从事相关业务资格评级评等的基本框架.认为以工程为对象,从“三甲医院”视角,才能更好地建立和完善水电工程安全全产业链、全生命周期服务的理论与方法体系.

通过结合计算机软件技术、线性代数和安全监测工程实际,制定了用计算机编程来实现三次自然样条插值的技术路线.通过后续开发的软件证明,该技术路线稳定可靠,能满足安全监测工作的实际需求.

目前,莱茵达准则是最常用的一种安全监测数据离群值判别方法.但和其它方法一样,均基于统计学原理,在使用过程中均不可避免的存在误判.通过分析造成误判的主要原因:安全监测成果并非总是围绕平均值上下波动,并制定相应的改进,成功提高该方法的判别准确率.

The automatic safety monitoring system in Xiaowan Hydropower Station can automatically collect and storage monitoring data,which provide a long-series station operation data.For solving the problems of monitoring system operation,the engineering safety analysis and decision-making support system of Xiaowan Hydropower Station is optimized.The development background,key technologies,system architecture and function achievement of the system are introduced herein,which will provide a reference and demonstration for improving hydraulic structure safety evaluation and abnormal condition early warning capacity of hydropower project during operation period.

Xiaowan Hydropower Station has built the largest engineering safety monitoring system in China for protecting the power plant safety construction and operation .The engineering deformation monitoring system based on GPS precise positioning technology has been successfully applied to the engineering slope , dam and coast in reservoir of Xiaowan Hydropower Project . The framework , technical features and monitoring results of GPS deformation monitoring system are introduced in detail , which provides a reference and demonstration for the construction of GPS deformation monitoring system of hydropower projects .

The dimensions of underground main and auxiliary powerhouse for the Xiaowan hydropower station is 79.18 m in height,28.0 m in width(the largest width is 30.6 m),and 298.1 m in length.Two bridge cranes of 26 m in span and 800/160/10 tonnage in capacity are installed in the main powerhouse.The corresponding maximum design vertical wheel load acting on the girder is 840 kN per meter.The scale and capacity of the rock-bolt crane girder ranks the first class in the practices of domestic underground powerhouse construction,which is 3.63 m in height,2.8 m in width,and 271 m in single side length.Although rock-bolt crane girders have been widely applied to the underground powerhouse operation,yet nowadays there are still no specified design methods customized in the hydropower industry.According to the practices carried out in the Xiaowan project,the calculation results and monitoring data are systematically analyzed;the structural designs and support measures are discussed for the rock-bolt crane girder of the underground powerhouse.Several concerns in the designs for the rock-bolt crane girder are enlightened,which are managed and solved successfully in the engineering practice.

For short of criterions,traditional safety monitoring was based on the size and importance of slope, that among all cross sections, the more important the cross section was, the more monitoring items and instruments. But for large and complex slope, dynamic informationization design was always demanded, so that dynamic monitoring was necessary. Classificated monitoring is of the advantage that it may not only cover full scale but also stress on key parts. By application of dynamic adjustment, the purpose of rationality and pertinency was achieved, and furthermore, it may provide important data for dynamic informationizaiton management.

The safety monitoring automation system engineering of the Xiaowan Hydropower Station implemented during construction period is by far the largest one in the world.The system is divided into six sub-systems,with 6,391 measurement points of various types.This paper discusses the general design ideas of the dam safety monitoring automation system of the Xiaowan Hydropower Station,including sub-system settings,network design,communications design,lightning protection design,system function design,data flow,the stage-by-stage implementation plan during the construction period.The design ideas are a valuable reference for design and implementation of dam safety monitoring automation system of large-scale dams.

By analyzing 24 692 data of 129 monitoring points,the number of correlation dimension describing dynamic character of the accumulation body of Yinshuigou featured for Xiaowan water-power station,deformation systems was obtained by reconstructing phase space.Deformation of the accumulation body was originally partitioned using the correlation dimension.

小湾水电站地下厂房围岩稳定条件相对较好,但地下洞室规模大,地应力较高。在地下厂房支护设计中通过大量的分析研究和工程类比,确定了基本支护参数。为在确保洞室围岩稳定的前提下达到节约投资和加快施工进度的目的,在地下厂房开挖支护过程中,根据开挖揭示的地质条件和监测资料的反馈,进行了大量的支护设计优化调整工作,取得了较好的效果。

According to the time-varying behavior of concrete dam′s deformation,the water pressure component is established considering the time-varying action and the temperature component is established by the integration regression method.On this basis,the safety monitoring time-varying model of concrete dam′s deformation and corresponding calculation program are developed.Study results show that the model has higher precision in simulating the dam′s horizontal displacement than normal models.