针对特高拱坝运维期内海量安全监测数据管理可视化程度不足,效率低下的问题,利用数据库、.NET开发平台以及VTK可视化系统等技术,研发了一套适用于特高拱坝的安全监测可视化系统.将安全监测数据库、工程场景、VTK三维可视化引擎在可视化平台中进行有机的融合,各安全监测信息以及分析成果可以以二维图形、三维云图和表格等方式实时、动态的呈现,实现了各安全监测信息的信息化和可视化,所见即所得.该系统为安全监测管理人员提供了一个直观、高效的信息可视化安全管理辅助系统,具有一定的应用价值.

随着 5G通信技术的飞速发展,其在各个领域的应用逐渐深入.大坝作为国家重要的水电工程,其安全监测至关重要.传统的大坝安全监测手段存在数据传输速度慢、监测范围有限等问题.而 5G通信技术的出现为大坝安全监测带来了全新的可能性.深入探讨 5G通信技术在大坝安全监测中的应用情况,着重关注视频监控、环境量监测方面的作用,通过应用分析,总结 5G通信技术在大坝安全监测中的优势和挑战,展望其未来的发展前景.

边坡系统具有一定的灰色特征,基于某水电溢洪道边坡现场实测数据,构建边坡变形预测的GM(1,1)模型,通过误差分析,预测结果与实测结果较为一致,所建立的模型具有较高的精度和可靠性.对未来三期边坡位移量进行了预测,其平均增幅为21.93％,增速明显较大.建议加强监测频次,并根据实时监测数据,采取必要的预防及工程处置措施.研究成果对于该溢洪道边坡安全及应急处置具有重要的意义.

In view of the dynamics and complexity of structural safety risk and the seriousness of accident consequences during the operation and maintenance of the super-high concrete arch dams, a dynamic safety risk analysis system for the super-high concrete arch dam is developed based on the analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy theory and quantitative risk assessment analysis method, by using the SQL Server database and Microsoft Visual C#. NET programming technology. According to the load structure characteristics of the super-high concrete arch dams and the characteristics of various kinds of the safety monitoring instruments and complex layout of the safety monitoring system, a database adapted to different monitoring types and massive safety monitoring data is established. Based on the comprehensive evaluation system of the monitoring data, inspection and geophysical detection for the safety of the super-high concrete arch dam, the probability level of the accident of the super-high concrete arch dam is determined. The economic losses and the impacts on the social environment caused by dam accidents are quantitatively analyzed by means of an equivalent method to determine the loss level. Finally, the risk matrix is used to evaluate the dynamic safety risk level of the super-high concrete arch dam according to the probability level of occurrence of the accident and the loss level caused by the dam accident.

大坝安全数据的时间序列预测和补全是大坝安全监测中两个常见问题.在实际应用中,应对这两类问题已有相应的经验模型,但由于经验模型过于简单,经验模型在上述两类问题上的效果并不理想.采用机器学习中的决策树模型和神经网络模型,为上述两类问题提供全新的解决方案.基于某水电大坝实测数据,对不同坝段的大坝安全数据进行预测和补全,结果表明本文模型相比于传统经验模型预测与补全精度均显著提高,同时,该模型还可以对模型输出结果进行不确定性分析,增强了结果的可靠性.

本文基于已开展的300m级高面板堆石坝关键监测技术及新设备研究工作,对已取得的相关成果进行整理、归纳,介绍了拟建300m级高面板堆石坝安全监测前沿技术和手段原理、特点及技术路线.300m级高面板堆石坝关键监测技术及新设备研究工作的目的是为将来拟建的300m级高面板堆石坝安全监测技术提升和改进提供解决思路和方向,研究主要通过收集整理国内具有代表性高面板堆石坝关键监测技术及应用情况,对国内200m级高面板堆石坝安全监测技术进行深入调查,总结高堆石坝安全监测技术特点、难点,对主要监测措施的有效性和存在的问题进行分析、总结相关经验,并研发了适用于300m级高面板堆石坝的新型监测技术及设备.

以“三甲医院”视角介绍了水电工程运行期工程安全技术服务体系,对水电工程“三甲医院”的定义、基本构成、主要特征等进行了探讨,并对“三甲医院”的健康诊断采用的关键技术的研究与应用进行了阐述,给出了从事相关业务资格评级评等的基本框架.认为以工程为对象,从“三甲医院”视角,才能更好地建立和完善水电工程安全全产业链、全生命周期服务的理论与方法体系.

云南省通过综合物探手段开展滑坡体地质性状识别,为滑坡体监测布置及分析评价提供数据和依据,运用在线及移动式监测技术(必要时采用综合物探方法进行快速探测)实时掌握滑坡体工作性状.综合应用物探及监测成果,对滑坡体进行快速准确、高效低成本的安全评价和分级预警.

边坡安全评价通常是根据安全系数的值来判断,或者根据某个安全系数发生的概率(可靠度)等方面来评价,这种方法不能宏观地从概率的角度给出边坡的稳定情况.为此,基于Geostudio软件和结构易损性理论,利用随机法,根据不同易损等级评价边坡安全性.结合三岔河水电站进水口边坡进行初步分析,分析结果表明该方法适用于水电站边坡安全评价.

Jinghong Hydropower Station has been put into operation for 8 years and has experienced a variety of load tests.The station also has accumulated abundant safety monitoring data.Based on the comprehensive analysis results of dam monitoring data and the calculation results of monitoring indexes,the monitoring indexes of dam are comprehensively formulated combining with design calculation results,allowable specification value and material bearing capacity.An application mode of monitoring indexes is also proposed to meet the requirements of engineering operation management and safety evaluation.

在建的观音岩水电站混凝土坝与堆石坝连接结构采用“插入式”连接方案,在地震工况下连接结构的接缝张开情况将直接影响整个大坝的整体性,因此需研究具有动态测量功能的光纤动态监测系统对连接结构进行监测.研究成果表明动态测量系统适用于观音岩水电站,解决了混凝土坝与堆石坝连接结构的动态安全监测问题,并填补了目前国内监测系统的空白.

库盘变形无监测规程规范,结合小湾水电站库盘变形监测成果,分析了库盘对小湾坝基变形深度的影响,给出了库盘对坝基倾斜角度、坝基变形深度影响的监测方法,并对高坝大库工程的库盘监测设计给出了建议,为库盘监测规程规范的建立提供了思路.

The stress state at high arch dam heel is an important index for evaluating dam safety,but its variation and influencing factors are complicated due to its statically indeterminate structure,concrete placement during dam construction,changes in water level during reservoir operation,and changes in the intemal and extemal temperature of the dam.To determine the dam heel stress,in-situ monitoring and numerical analysis are two main methods,but they often produce significantly different results.This paper discusses the difference between these two methods in dam heel stress evaluation.For in-situ monitoring,through the analysis of the working principle of the compressive stress meter and strain gauge,we suggest the evaluation of effective stress at dam heel,and an improvement on the arrangement of osmometers,compressive stress meters and strain gauges.For numerical analysis,we examine the relationship of dam heel equivalent stress versus mesh size along dam thickness,and give suggestions for effective mesh partition in calculation of dam heel stress.Results show that although both methods have their own influencing factors,the improved monitoring method combined with the numerical calculation of high accuracy can give a satisfactory evaluation of dam heel stress.

目前针对200 m级高面板堆石坝面板脱空机理的研究较少,而国内已建的部分高面板堆石坝均出现不同程度的面板脱空现象.为研究面板脱空影响因素,利用三维非线性有限元对高面板堆石坝进行全方位结构计算,从力学机理上对面板脱空的主要影响因子(堆石流变、施工分期和筑坝材料等)进行深入分析.结果表明,200m级高面板堆石坝面板脱空受多种因素的相互影响,堆石体流变使面板脱空趋势变大,抗剪强度高的堆石体可减小面板脱空范围,优化施工顺序对控制面板脱空有利.

通过对小湾高拱坝库盘水准、平面变形网、垂直变形网实测资料进行分析,揭示了小湾库盘沉降变形和平面变形的时空分布规律,并分析了出现该变形现象的原因,指出了小湾库盘变形的影响因素,为高拱坝库盘监测资料分析及监测设计提供了思路.

Based on the measured reservoir basin deformation data of Xiaowan Hydropower Station, the deformation law and magnitude of reservoir basin deformation and the action effects on Xiaowan high arch dam are analyzed by using numerical simulation method. The results show the reservoir basin deformation has an impact on dam deformation behavior, the huge water load leads to the warping deformation of reservoir basin with the settlement before the dam greater than the settlement behind the dam and leads to the arch dam being tilted towards the upstream direction.

结合梨园水电站面板堆石坝,根据大坝填筑到坝顶时不同变形监测方法所得的监测成果,对大坝进行三维有限元正反分析,深入评价高面板堆石坝施工质量及运行状况,并总结高面板堆石坝沉降范围,提出大坝堆石体平均压缩模量与沉降比(沉降量占坝高的百分比)的关系,据此评价梨园水电站面板堆石坝施工质量.

For short of criterions,traditional safety monitoring was based on the size and importance of slope, that among all cross sections, the more important the cross section was, the more monitoring items and instruments. But for large and complex slope, dynamic informationization design was always demanded, so that dynamic monitoring was necessary. Classificated monitoring is of the advantage that it may not only cover full scale but also stress on key parts. By application of dynamic adjustment, the purpose of rationality and pertinency was achieved, and furthermore, it may provide important data for dynamic informationizaiton management.