已有研究揭示气溶胶传输和季风过程对中国近海赤潮的影响.本研究利用统计分析和动力学诊断方法,从海气相互作用的角度探究2000-2021年西北太平洋海温异常对中国北部近海超级赤潮的可能影响.结果表明:晚冬1-2月西北太平洋偶极型海温异常与随后5-6月中国北部近海的超级赤潮显著相关;西北太平洋南部冷-北部暖的偶极子海温异常可持续到随后的5-6月,并引发对流层低层向热带外传播的遥相关波列,使得鄂霍次克海气旋系统形成;该气旋西侧的西北风异常向中国北部近海输送干冷空气,伴随着对流层高层的异常辐合引发干沉降过程,从而为中国北部近海超级赤潮的暴发提供了有利的气象条件.上述结果可为中国北部近海超级赤潮的暴发和预测提供科学参考.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in hyperlipidemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HLAP) and its prognostic value.Methods:This study included 184 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2018 to May 2021. Based on disease etiology, there were 92 HLAP cases and 92 non-hyperlipidemia-induced AP (NHLAP) cases. Stratified by disease severity according to 2012 Atlanta classification criteria, the patients were divided into the severe subgroup (SAP) and non-severe subgroup (NSAP). Peripheral venous blood samples were taken from all patients on day 1, 3, and 5 after admission. T lymphocyte subsets were determined by flow cytometry, and cytokines were detected by flow fluorometry. The number of CD4 +% and CD8 +% and the expression of cytokines were compared by Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney U analysis. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for severe AP, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to predict severe AP. Statistical significance was taken as P<0.05. Results:Compared with the NHLAP group, patients in the HLAP group had lower CD4 +%, while higher levels of IL-2 on day 1 ( P<0.05), and had also lower CD4 +%, while higher levels of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 on day 3 ( P<0.05). Furthermore, IL-6 and IL-10 levels of the HLAP group were significantly increased compared to the NHLAP group on day 5 ( P<0.05). IL-10 levels in the SAP subgroup were significantly higher than those in the NSAP subgroup on day 1 ( P<0.05). Compared with the NSAP subgroup, the SAP subgroup had elevated levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ on day 3 (all P<0.05), and had lower CD4 +%, while increased levels of IL-6 and IL-10 on day 5 (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that IL-10 was an immune indicator of independent risk factor for severe AP in the HLAP group on day 1 ( OR=1.139, 95% CI: 1.038-1.251, P<0.05). Finally, ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve of IL-10 to assess HLAP with severe AP was 0.772, and the best cut-off value for predicting severe AP was 5.6 pg/mL, with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 68.8%. Conclusions:Changes of CD4 +% and cytokines are different between the HLAP and NHLAP groups. IL-10 can be used as a predictor of early disease severity in patients with HLAP.

With reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC）, the calibration parameters of 19 high-purity chlorophlls and carotenoids standards were determined. The pigment standards were separated very well using our method, but the retention times （tR）, eluted turns, wavelengths of the absorption maxima （λmax）, as well as the response factors （fp）, of some pigments were different from the references, indicating that not only the the tR but also the λmax are important for the pigments qualitative measurement, and the response factors should be reexamined after the change of column or method.

植物体的碳稳定同位素组成主要由植物本身的生物学特性决定,但环境胁迫对其影响也十分明显.综述了碳稳定同位素技术在研究植物水分利用效率、生物量高低及判断历史气候依据等研究领域的进展,阐明了植物体的δ13C值对干旱、盐分及其它环境因素的变化所引起的水分胁迫的响应,并对碳稳定同位素对水分胁迫的响应机理进行了归纳和推断.

In this article, the latest development on the study of acid-volatile sulfide in aquatic sediment is reviewed. Acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) is operationally defined as sulfide in sediment which is soluble in cold acid, and was reported as the most active part of the total sulfur in aquatic sediments and a key partitioning phase controlling the activities of divalent cationic heavy metals in sediment. It has been reported that the measurement procedures of AVS concentration are very important for AVS study, the weight of sample taken for analysis, nitrogen flow rate, acid strength and digestion time could all affected the accuracy of AVS concentration analysis. Some other more convenient measure methods have been proposed, however, owing to different study conditions, there is no standard procedure to determine the concentration of AVS in aquatic sediment. The concentration of AVS in aquatic sediment is related to E _h (the redox potential) of the sediment, and has spatial and seasonal variations in sediment, therefore, it is very important which stratum of sediment should be selected to measure the AVS concentration and to used to predict the heavy metal pollution of the sediment. AVS had been proposed as the primary normalization phase for the development of sediment quality criteria for certain cationic metals because it could complex some cationic metals and thereby influences the toxicity of these metals to benthic organisms and has the potential to be an indicator of toxicity in both marine and freshwater sediments. Some studies indicated that the ratio of molar concentration between simultaneously extracted metals(SEM) and AVS can provide important insight into the potential bio-availability of toxic divalent heavy metal. Sediments with [SEM]/[AVS] ratios1.0 were proposed to have no heavy metal pollution, and sediments with [SEM]/[AVS] ratios1.0 were thought to be toxic to benthic organisms. However, some other studies reported that the ratios1.0 were not enough to indicate the sediment with heavy metals pollution, the other partitioning phases could also play an important role in reducing heavy metal toxicity. Furthermore, different benthic organisms may have different reactions under the same [SEM]/[AVS] ratio. The difference between the molar concentrations of SEM and AVS ([SEM]-[AVS]) should be used instead of [SEM]/[AVS] ratio as a measure of metals availability for it can provide important insight into the extent of additional available binding capacity, the magnitude by which AVS binding has been exceeded. More studies are therefore needed to understand the relations between the ratio of [SEM]/[AVS], heavy metal concentration in interstitial water, heavy metals distribution among different partitioning phases as well as different heavy metal interactions.

研究镧对酸雨(pH为4.5)胁迫下木麻黄幼苗早期生长和质膜离子泵ATP酶活性的影响. 结果表明: 较低浓度La3+浸种能使幼苗株高、根长、鲜重以及质膜质子泵活性明显增强, 在200 mg*L-1 La3+处理时达到最高增强值, 而高浓度的La3+浸种使之表现出抑制效应; 幼苗质膜钙泵的活性受La3+抑制. 质子泵活性与细胞的伸长生长呈显著正相关关系, 镧对质子泵的活化作用有助于促进植物的生长, 且适量的镧具有缓解酸雨胁迫下生长的植物细胞质酸化, 维持细胞内环境稳定的间接作用. 为抗酸雨和促生长, 木麻黄经镧浸种8 h的最适宜La3+浓度为50～200 mg*L-1.

The effects of La 3 + on the growth and the ATPases activities of plasma membrane ( PM) vesicles isolated from Casuarina equisetif olia seedlings under artificial acid rain (p H 4. 5) stress were studied . The results show that the height , length of roots , fresh weight and PM H + 2ATPase activites of Casuarina equisetif olia seedlings increase by the treatments of soaking seeds in LaCl 3 solutions with lower concentrations , and those can reach their peak values by treating with 200 mg · L - 1 La 3 + . However , in comparison with the CK , those are inhibited by the higher La 3 + concentrations ; PM Ca 2 + 2AT2 Pase activity is inhibited with the treatments of La 3 + . The results also reveal that the H + 2ATPase activity and the growth of cell enlarge have a remarkable positive correlation , and La 3 + activating H + 2ATPase can facilitate plant growth . La 3 + al2 so can alleviate cytosolic acidification of plant under acid rain stress and indirectly maintain the stability of intracellular environment . In order to resistant to acid rain and accelerate the growth of Casuarina equisetif olia , the suitable range of La 3 + concentrations to soak seeds for 8 h is 50~200 mg· L - 1 .